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ISC CISSP Practice Test 45

Question 440

A cloud firewall allows east-west traffic from any security group member regardless of workload purpose. A designer proposes: Keep an 'allow all internal traffic' policy because a public edge firewall exists. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. Management-plane compromise can give attackers full traffic and configuration control.
  2. Edge-only filtering cannot contain compromise within the cloud environment.
  3. URL obscurity is not identity enforcement or transport isolation.
  4. Dynamic cloud membership requires policy abstraction that scales with legitimate instances.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Edge-only filtering cannot contain compromise within the cloud environment. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is an advantage of another design (Harden management plane, remove defaults and restrict access to an isolated administration network.), not the particular flaw of Keep an 'allow all internal traffic' policy because a public edge firewall exists.

C:

This is a limitation elsewhere: A network device ships with default management credentials and internet-facing administrative services. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

D:

This explains a later shift in requirements (An autoscaling application adds ephemeral instances each hour.), not the failure of the current proposal.

Question 441

A cloud firewall allows east-west traffic from any security group member regardless of workload purpose. The organization has now implemented this response: Refine security-group rules by workload identity, service port and approved peer relationships. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. An approved change ticket for Refine security-group rules by workload identity, service port and approved peer relationships. without a completed verification result.
  2. Flow tests confirm only documented service connections work among workloads.
  3. Unknown test endpoints enter quarantine while compliant devices get only approved VLANs.
  4. Unapproved adapters are blocked and monitored, while approved maintenance devices are traceable.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Flow tests confirm only documented service connections work among workloads. This validates that coarse membership creates lateral reachability not justified by business function.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Flow tests confirm only documented service connections work among workloads.

C:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: An enterprise access switch cannot distinguish approved laptops from unauthorized devices plugged into open meeting rooms.

D:

This other observation is relevant to: A company uses unmanaged USB network adapters that create secondary connections bypassing standard host firewall policy.

Question 442

A previous security situation was: A cloud firewall allows east-west traffic from any security group member regardless of workload purpose. Now the requirement changes: An autoscaling application adds ephemeral instances each hour. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Flow tests confirm only documented service connections work among workloads.
  2. Use identity or tag-based dynamic rule targets rather than fragile manual IP entries.
  3. Refine security-group rules by workload identity, service port and approved peer relationships.
  4. Keep an 'allow all internal traffic' policy because a public edge firewall exists.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Dynamic cloud membership requires policy abstraction that scales with legitimate instances. The revised action is Use identity or tag-based dynamic rule targets rather than fragile manual IP entries.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Flow tests confirm only documented service connections work among workloads.

C:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Coarse membership creates lateral reachability not justified by business function. It does not directly meet the new condition.

D:

This remains inappropriate: Edge-only filtering cannot contain compromise within the cloud environment.

Question 443

A two-site network relies on a single router pair in one building for every site-to-site communication path. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Design diverse fault domains and redundant routing that meets business availability objectives.
  2. Configure two virtual interfaces on the same lone physical router and call the network fault tolerant.
  3. Extend the resilient topology with policy-controlled route segmentation.
  4. Harden management plane, remove defaults and restrict access to an isolated administration network.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

A common building or device failure can disable multiple apparently redundant links. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Logical multiplicity does not remove a shared hardware failure point. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

C:

This is appropriate for a later condition (A third site is added and must retain segregated financial routing.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Resilient multi-site connectivity must also preserve least-privilege reachability.

D:

This response addresses a different condition: A network device ships with default management credentials and internet-facing administrative services. The present case requires the measure described by Design diverse fault domains and redundant routing that meets business availability objectives.

Question 444

A two-site network relies on a single router pair in one building for every site-to-site communication path. A designer proposes: Configure two virtual interfaces on the same lone physical router and call the network fault tolerant. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. Logical multiplicity does not remove a shared hardware failure point.
  2. MAC identity can be spoofed and says nothing about user or device posture.
  3. Resilient multi-site connectivity must also preserve least-privilege reachability.
  4. Physical jack access alone should not grant sensitive LAN privileges.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Logical multiplicity does not remove a shared hardware failure point. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This is a limitation elsewhere: An enterprise access switch cannot distinguish approved laptops from unauthorized devices plugged into open meeting rooms. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

C:

This explains a later shift in requirements (A third site is added and must retain segregated financial routing.), not the failure of the current proposal.

D:

This is an advantage of another design (Deploy identity-aware network access control with compliant endpoint posture and guest quarantine.), not the particular flaw of Configure two virtual interfaces on the same lone physical router and call the network fault tolerant.

Question 445

A two-site network relies on a single router pair in one building for every site-to-site communication path. The organization has now implemented this response: Design diverse fault domains and redundant routing that meets business availability objectives. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. Failure injection verifies traffic converges over an independent path within agreed time.
  2. Daily comparison detects deliberately changed management ACL and initiates review.
  3. Flow tests confirm only documented service connections work among workloads.
  4. An approved change ticket for Design diverse fault domains and redundant routing that meets business availability objectives. without a completed verification result.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Failure injection verifies traffic converges over an independent path within agreed time. This validates that a common building or device failure can disable multiple apparently redundant links.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A security architect has no assurance that a branch router's running configuration matches the approved hardened template.

C:

This other observation is relevant to: A cloud firewall allows east-west traffic from any security group member regardless of workload purpose.

D:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Failure injection verifies traffic converges over an independent path within agreed time.

Question 446

A previous security situation was: A two-site network relies on a single router pair in one building for every site-to-site communication path. Now the requirement changes: A third site is added and must retain segregated financial routing. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Extend the resilient topology with policy-controlled route segmentation.
  2. Design diverse fault domains and redundant routing that meets business availability objectives.
  3. Configure two virtual interfaces on the same lone physical router and call the network fault tolerant.
  4. Failure injection verifies traffic converges over an independent path within agreed time.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Resilient multi-site connectivity must also preserve least-privilege reachability. The revised action is Extend the resilient topology with policy-controlled route segmentation.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: A common building or device failure can disable multiple apparently redundant links. It does not directly meet the new condition.

C:

This remains inappropriate: Logical multiplicity does not remove a shared hardware failure point.

D:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Failure injection verifies traffic converges over an independent path within agreed time.

Question 447

A logistics supplier needs limited access to a company's shipment API but must not reach internal finance systems. Which recommendation should the security leader make FIRST to address the stated objective?

  1. Give the supplier a broad routed VPN into every corporate subnet.
  2. Tests from supplier identities reach only approved API endpoints and generate access logs for denied lateral requests.
  3. Revoke the partner's identities, credentials, routes and access policy, then verify denial.
  4. Provide authenticated encrypted partner connectivity limited to the required API and monitored by policy.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Partner trust should be scoped to the agreed service, not extended across the internal network. The scenario is: A logistics supplier needs limited access to a company's shipment API but must not reach internal finance systems.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Unrestricted third-party routing exposes unrelated assets and increases supply-chain attack reach. The rejected action is: Give the supplier a broad routed VPN into every corporate subnet.

B:

This is useful evidence after implementation, rather than the FIRST recommended decision for this objective. Tests from supplier identities reach only approved API endpoints and generate access logs for denied lateral requests.

C:

This addresses a distinct subsequent requirement: The supply contract is terminated and all partner access must cease immediately. Offboarding requires removing established trust paths, not merely reducing the initial API scope.

Question 448

A logistics supplier needs limited access to a company's shipment API but must not reach internal finance systems. A colleague instead proposes: "Give the supplier a broad routed VPN into every corporate subnet." Which finding BEST explains why the proposal should be rejected?

  1. Its only deficiency is a missing executive signature, even if the design still fails the stated requirement.
  2. It is inadequate only because of a different later condition: The supply contract is terminated and all partner access must cease immediately.
  3. No evidence or governance records should be retained when evaluating this 4.3 decision.
  4. Unrestricted third-party routing exposes unrelated assets and increases supply-chain attack reach.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Unrestricted third-party routing exposes unrelated assets and increases supply-chain attack reach. This directly invalidates the proposed action: Give the supplier a broad routed VPN into every corporate subnet.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Approval alone cannot fix the specific weakness: Unrestricted third-party routing exposes unrelated assets and increases supply-chain attack reach.

B:

The subsequent circumstance is separate and does not explain why this proposed action fails the initial case. Offboarding requires removing established trust paths, not merely reducing the initial API scope.

C:

Destroying records would weaken oversight and cannot remedy the immediate technical or governance flaw: Unrestricted third-party routing exposes unrelated assets and increases supply-chain attack reach.

Question 449

A logistics supplier needs limited access to a company's shipment API but must not reach internal finance systems. After implementing "Provide authenticated encrypted partner connectivity limited to the required API and monitored by policy.", what evidence BEST demonstrates that the intended security outcome is functioning?

  1. A note proposing to test this exact 4.3 measure in a future quarter.
  2. A declaration that no incident has been reported, without exercising the relevant control.
  3. A meeting record that the alternate design "Revoke the partner's identities, credentials, routes and access policy, then verify denial." was discussed but never tested.
  4. Tests from supplier identities reach only approved API endpoints and generate access logs for denied lateral requests.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Tests from supplier identities reach only approved API endpoints and generate access logs for denied lateral requests. This verifies the original requirement because partner trust should be scoped to the agreed service, not extended across the internal network.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An unexecuted future plan does not prove current effectiveness for the stated 4.3 objective. The evidence should include: Tests from supplier identities reach only approved API endpoints and generate access logs for denied lateral requests.

B:

Absence of reported incidents is not a controlled validation of the requirement. A stronger proof is: Tests from supplier identities reach only approved API endpoints and generate access logs for denied lateral requests.

C:

Discussion of a different design does not demonstrate the deployed control. Offboarding requires removing established trust paths, not merely reducing the initial API scope.

Question 450

An outsourcing partner remotely supports servers through an unmanaged consumer remote desktop gateway. A later change introduces this additional requirement: The remote support contract ends after a migration. Select THREE elements that together supply the initial control, objective evidence of effectiveness, and the changed-requirement response. (Select THREE.)

  1. Disable partner accounts, routes, tokens and remote sessions with verified revocation.
  2. Expose public remote-desktop ports to any source protected only by a shared password.
  3. Use mutually authenticated secure messaging with freshness and message-level integrity checks.
  4. Replayed and altered signed messages are rejected; valid fresh orders are accepted.
  5. Use authenticated encrypted remote administration via controlled bastion infrastructure and recorded approvals.
  6. A test partner session shows MFA, least-privilege path and immutable command or session logging.

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

Correct — changed condition. Termination removes established trust even when previous sessions were approved.

E:

Correct — initial control. Third-party remote access must be individually accountable, restricted and monitored.

F:

Correct — observable control evidence. The relevant result is: A test partner session shows MFA, least-privilege path and immutable command or session logging. This provides a completed control test rather than an implementation promise.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Incorrect — it fails the original constraint. Shared open remote access increases intrusion and credential guessing risk.

C:

Incorrect — the measure Use mutually authenticated secure messaging with freshness and message-level integrity checks. addresses a different case: A supplier EDI connection exchanges purchase orders over a shared link, but no party validates message origin or replay.

D:

Incorrect — this evidence applies to another case: A supplier EDI connection exchanges purchase orders over a shared link, but no party validates message origin or replay. The specified requirement here is An outsourcing partner remotely supports servers through an unmanaged consumer remote desktop gateway.

Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) Practice Tests