ISC CISSP Practice Test 44
Question 430
A previous security situation was: An enterprise access switch cannot distinguish approved laptops from unauthorized devices plugged into open meeting rooms. Now the requirement changes: An already registered workstation becomes infected during an active session. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?
- Trigger posture reassessment and dynamic network restriction.
- Deploy identity-aware network access control with compliant endpoint posture and guest quarantine.
- Allow access whenever the device's MAC address resembles a known manufacturer.
- Unknown test endpoints enter quarantine while compliant devices get only approved VLANs.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Continuous device trust is needed after initial admission. The revised action is Trigger posture reassessment and dynamic network restriction.
Incorrect Answers
B:This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Physical jack access alone should not grant sensitive LAN privileges. It does not directly meet the new condition.
C:This remains inappropriate: MAC identity can be spoofed and says nothing about user or device posture.
D:This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Unknown test endpoints enter quarantine while compliant devices get only approved VLANs.
Question 431
A security architect has no assurance that a branch router's running configuration matches the approved hardened template. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?
- Assume the initial installation checklist proves ongoing compliance indefinitely.
- Update the approved baseline and testing rules through change control.
- Apply endpoint device control and inventory for unauthorized network interfaces.
- Automate configuration comparison, drift alerts and controlled restoration against a versioned baseline.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Baseline checking reveals unintended changes on critical network components. This directly addresses the stated situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:Configuration drift may occur after deployment through operators or compromise. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.
B:This is appropriate for a later condition (A vendor patch legitimately changes required default syntax.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Expected configuration evolution should be distinguished from unauthorized drift.
C:This response addresses a different condition: A company uses unmanaged USB network adapters that create secondary connections bypassing standard host firewall policy. The present case requires the measure described by Automate configuration comparison, drift alerts and controlled restoration against a versioned baseline.
Question 432
A security architect has no assurance that a branch router's running configuration matches the approved hardened template. A designer proposes: Assume the initial installation checklist proves ongoing compliance indefinitely. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?
- Edge-only filtering cannot contain compromise within the cloud environment.
- Expected configuration evolution should be distinguished from unauthorized drift.
- Coarse membership creates lateral reachability not justified by business function.
- Configuration drift may occur after deployment through operators or compromise.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Configuration drift may occur after deployment through operators or compromise. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.
Incorrect Answers
A:This is a limitation elsewhere: A cloud firewall allows east-west traffic from any security group member regardless of workload purpose. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.
B:This explains a later shift in requirements (A vendor patch legitimately changes required default syntax.), not the failure of the current proposal.
C:This is an advantage of another design (Refine security-group rules by workload identity, service port and approved peer relationships.), not the particular flaw of Assume the initial installation checklist proves ongoing compliance indefinitely.
Question 433
A security architect has no assurance that a branch router's running configuration matches the approved hardened template. The organization has now implemented this response: Automate configuration comparison, drift alerts and controlled restoration against a versioned baseline. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?
- Failure injection verifies traffic converges over an independent path within agreed time.
- Unknown test endpoints enter quarantine while compliant devices get only approved VLANs.
- An approved change ticket for Automate configuration comparison, drift alerts and controlled restoration against a versioned baseline. without a completed verification result.
- Daily comparison detects deliberately changed management ACL and initiates review.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Daily comparison detects deliberately changed management ACL and initiates review. This validates that baseline checking reveals unintended changes on critical network components.
Incorrect Answers
A:This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A two-site network relies on a single router pair in one building for every site-to-site communication path.
B:This other observation is relevant to: An enterprise access switch cannot distinguish approved laptops from unauthorized devices plugged into open meeting rooms.
C:An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Daily comparison detects deliberately changed management ACL and initiates review.
Question 434
A previous security situation was: A security architect has no assurance that a branch router's running configuration matches the approved hardened template. Now the requirement changes: A vendor patch legitimately changes required default syntax. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?
- Automate configuration comparison, drift alerts and controlled restoration against a versioned baseline.
- Assume the initial installation checklist proves ongoing compliance indefinitely.
- Daily comparison detects deliberately changed management ACL and initiates review.
- Update the approved baseline and testing rules through change control.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Expected configuration evolution should be distinguished from unauthorized drift. The revised action is Update the approved baseline and testing rules through change control.
Incorrect Answers
A:This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Baseline checking reveals unintended changes on critical network components. It does not directly meet the new condition.
B:This remains inappropriate: Configuration drift may occur after deployment through operators or compromise.
C:This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Daily comparison detects deliberately changed management ACL and initiates review.
Question 435
A company uses unmanaged USB network adapters that create secondary connections bypassing standard host firewall policy. The team must implement a defensible safeguard AND demonstrate that it works. Which TWO entries form that control-and-evidence pair? (Select TWO.)
- Apply endpoint device control and inventory for unauthorized network interfaces.
- Unapproved adapters are blocked and monitored, while approved maintenance devices are traceable.
- Rely exclusively on core-router ACLs without checking endpoint side channels.
- Approve bounded device use with isolation and log review.
- Refine security-group rules by workload identity, service port and approved peer relationships.
Explanation
Correct Answers
A:Correct control. Uncontrolled adapters can create hidden or unmonitored ingress and egress paths.
B:Correct verification. The specific evidence is: Unapproved adapters are blocked and monitored, while approved maintenance devices are traceable.
Incorrect Answers
C:External paths may evade central network filtering when hosts add interfaces.
D:This concerns a later and different need: Emergency diagnostics require a vendor-controlled adapter on one host. Temporary operational need requires managed exception rather than globally allowing adapters.
E:The proposed control fits another scenario: A cloud firewall allows east-west traffic from any security group member regardless of workload purpose. It does not directly address this scenario's primary requirement.
Question 436
A company uses unmanaged USB network adapters that create secondary connections bypassing standard host firewall policy. A designer proposes: Rely exclusively on core-router ACLs without checking endpoint side channels. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?
- Temporary operational need requires managed exception rather than globally allowing adapters.
- A common building or device failure can disable multiple apparently redundant links.
- External paths may evade central network filtering when hosts add interfaces.
- Logical multiplicity does not remove a shared hardware failure point.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:External paths may evade central network filtering when hosts add interfaces. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.
Incorrect Answers
A:This explains a later shift in requirements (Emergency diagnostics require a vendor-controlled adapter on one host.), not the failure of the current proposal.
B:This is an advantage of another design (Design diverse fault domains and redundant routing that meets business availability objectives.), not the particular flaw of Rely exclusively on core-router ACLs without checking endpoint side channels.
D:This is a limitation elsewhere: A two-site network relies on a single router pair in one building for every site-to-site communication path. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.
Question 437
A company uses unmanaged USB network adapters that create secondary connections bypassing standard host firewall policy. The organization has now implemented this response: Apply endpoint device control and inventory for unauthorized network interfaces. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?
- Daily comparison detects deliberately changed management ACL and initiates review.
- An approved change ticket for Apply endpoint device control and inventory for unauthorized network interfaces. without a completed verification result.
- Unapproved adapters are blocked and monitored, while approved maintenance devices are traceable.
- Config audits show strong named admin access and no externally reachable management services.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:Unapproved adapters are blocked and monitored, while approved maintenance devices are traceable. This validates that uncontrolled adapters can create hidden or unmonitored ingress and egress paths.
Incorrect Answers
A:This other observation is relevant to: A security architect has no assurance that a branch router's running configuration matches the approved hardened template.
B:An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Unapproved adapters are blocked and monitored, while approved maintenance devices are traceable.
D:This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A network device ships with default management credentials and internet-facing administrative services.
Question 438
A previous security situation was: A company uses unmanaged USB network adapters that create secondary connections bypassing standard host firewall policy. Now the requirement changes: Emergency diagnostics require a vendor-controlled adapter on one host. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?
- Rely exclusively on core-router ACLs without checking endpoint side channels.
- Unapproved adapters are blocked and monitored, while approved maintenance devices are traceable.
- Approve bounded device use with isolation and log review.
- Apply endpoint device control and inventory for unauthorized network interfaces.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:Temporary operational need requires managed exception rather than globally allowing adapters. The revised action is Approve bounded device use with isolation and log review.
Incorrect Answers
A:This remains inappropriate: External paths may evade central network filtering when hosts add interfaces.
B:This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Unapproved adapters are blocked and monitored, while approved maintenance devices are traceable.
D:This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Uncontrolled adapters can create hidden or unmonitored ingress and egress paths. It does not directly meet the new condition.
Question 439
A cloud firewall allows east-west traffic from any security group member regardless of workload purpose. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?
- Design diverse fault domains and redundant routing that meets business availability objectives.
- Refine security-group rules by workload identity, service port and approved peer relationships.
- Keep an 'allow all internal traffic' policy because a public edge firewall exists.
- Use identity or tag-based dynamic rule targets rather than fragile manual IP entries.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Coarse membership creates lateral reachability not justified by business function. This directly addresses the stated situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:This response addresses a different condition: A two-site network relies on a single router pair in one building for every site-to-site communication path. The present case requires the measure described by Refine security-group rules by workload identity, service port and approved peer relationships.
C:Edge-only filtering cannot contain compromise within the cloud environment. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.
D:This is appropriate for a later condition (An autoscaling application adds ephemeral instances each hour.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Dynamic cloud membership requires policy abstraction that scales with legitimate instances.
Question 440
A cloud firewall allows east-west traffic from any security group member regardless of workload purpose. A designer proposes: Keep an 'allow all internal traffic' policy because a public edge firewall exists. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?
- Management-plane compromise can give attackers full traffic and configuration control.
- Edge-only filtering cannot contain compromise within the cloud environment.
- URL obscurity is not identity enforcement or transport isolation.
- Dynamic cloud membership requires policy abstraction that scales with legitimate instances.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Edge-only filtering cannot contain compromise within the cloud environment. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.
Incorrect Answers
A:This is an advantage of another design (Harden management plane, remove defaults and restrict access to an isolated administration network.), not the particular flaw of Keep an 'allow all internal traffic' policy because a public edge firewall exists.
C:This is a limitation elsewhere: A network device ships with default management credentials and internet-facing administrative services. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.
D:This explains a later shift in requirements (An autoscaling application adds ephemeral instances each hour.), not the failure of the current proposal.