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ISC CISSP Practice Test 86

Question 850

A build system signs release artifacts using a private key exposed in logs visible to all developers. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Leave the key in the logs and rely on signed files as proof of safe release.
  2. Revoke affected keys and certificates, investigate releases and reestablish trust.
  3. Require approved image provenance, scanning policy and deploy-time signature validation.
  4. Move signing operations into protected key storage with restricted release identity and auditable use.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Artifact signatures are untrustworthy if attackers can steal the signing key. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Possession of the signing key lets an attacker generate apparently valid malicious artifacts. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

B:

This is appropriate for a later condition (An incident confirms unauthorized use of the signing identity.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Known key compromise requires trust invalidation, not only better future storage.

C:

This response addresses a different condition: A container registry allows deployments from arbitrary unsigned images supplied by any engineer. The present case requires the measure described by Move signing operations into protected key storage with restricted release identity and auditable use.

Question 851

A build system signs release artifacts using a private key exposed in logs visible to all developers. A designer proposes: Leave the key in the logs and rely on signed files as proof of safe release. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. Intentions do not enforce security requirements or prevent unsafe immediate releases.
  2. Known key compromise requires trust invalidation, not only better future storage.
  3. Access controls must prevent unreviewed changes to the authoritative source.
  4. Possession of the signing key lets an attacker generate apparently valid malicious artifacts.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Possession of the signing key lets an attacker generate apparently valid malicious artifacts. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is a limitation elsewhere: Developers bypass security tests by merging directly to the main repository branch during release pressure. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

B:

This explains a later shift in requirements (An incident confirms unauthorized use of the signing identity.), not the failure of the current proposal.

C:

This is an advantage of another design (Enforce protected branches with required reviews, test outcomes and bounded emergency overrides.), not the particular flaw of Leave the key in the logs and rely on signed files as proof of safe release.

Question 852

A build system signs release artifacts using a private key exposed in logs visible to all developers. The organization has now implemented this response: Move signing operations into protected key storage with restricted release identity and auditable use. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. An untrusted test branch cannot retrieve release credentials, and signed build provenance is recorded.
  2. Artifact digests map to exact dependency versions and triaged vulnerability findings.
  3. An approved change ticket for Move signing operations into protected key storage with restricted release identity and auditable use. without a completed verification result.
  4. A signing test enforces protected identity and key access without exposing raw private material.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A signing test enforces protected identity and key access without exposing raw private material. This validates that artifact signatures are untrustworthy if attackers can steal the signing key.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A project fetches external CI actions by mutable branch name and gives each build job a production administration token.

B:

This other observation is relevant to: A legacy application has no inventory of dependencies or artifact versions used in releases.

C:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is A signing test enforces protected identity and key access without exposing raw private material.

Question 853

A previous security situation was: A build system signs release artifacts using a private key exposed in logs visible to all developers. Now the requirement changes: An incident confirms unauthorized use of the signing identity. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Move signing operations into protected key storage with restricted release identity and auditable use.
  2. Leave the key in the logs and rely on signed files as proof of safe release.
  3. A signing test enforces protected identity and key access without exposing raw private material.
  4. Revoke affected keys and certificates, investigate releases and reestablish trust.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Known key compromise requires trust invalidation, not only better future storage. The revised action is Revoke affected keys and certificates, investigate releases and reestablish trust.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Artifact signatures are untrustworthy if attackers can steal the signing key. It does not directly meet the new condition.

B:

This remains inappropriate: Possession of the signing key lets an attacker generate apparently valid malicious artifacts.

C:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: A signing test enforces protected identity and key access without exposing raw private material.

Question 854

A container registry allows deployments from arbitrary unsigned images supplied by any engineer. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Inventory affected deployments and execute a tested base image replacement plan.
  2. Enforce protected branches with required reviews, test outcomes and bounded emergency overrides.
  3. Require approved image provenance, scanning policy and deploy-time signature validation.
  4. Trust every image with a familiar repository name regardless of digest or signer.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Supply-chain policy must enforce trusted source and acceptable risk at deployment. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is appropriate for a later condition (A zero-day impacts the base image of several already running services.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Runtime exposure persists after the original admission decision.

B:

This response addresses a different condition: Developers bypass security tests by merging directly to the main repository branch during release pressure. The present case requires the measure described by Require approved image provenance, scanning policy and deploy-time signature validation.

D:

Names are mutable labels, not cryptographic evidence of approved content. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

Question 855

A container registry allows deployments from arbitrary unsigned images supplied by any engineer. The team must implement a defensible safeguard AND demonstrate that it works. Which TWO entries form that control-and-evidence pair? (Select TWO.)

  1. Inventory affected deployments and execute a tested base image replacement plan.
  2. Pin reviewed build dependencies and use least-privilege short-lived CI identities.
  3. Require approved image provenance, scanning policy and deploy-time signature validation.
  4. Unsigned or untrusted images fail deployment while reviewed digests succeed.
  5. Trust every image with a familiar repository name regardless of digest or signer.

Explanation

Correct Answers

C:

Correct control. Supply-chain policy must enforce trusted source and acceptable risk at deployment.

D:

Correct verification. The specific evidence is: Unsigned or untrusted images fail deployment while reviewed digests succeed.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This concerns a later and different need: A zero-day impacts the base image of several already running services. Runtime exposure persists after the original admission decision.

B:

The proposed control fits another scenario: A project fetches external CI actions by mutable branch name and gives each build job a production administration token. It does not directly address this scenario's primary requirement.

E:

Names are mutable labels, not cryptographic evidence of approved content.

Question 856

A container registry allows deployments from arbitrary unsigned images supplied by any engineer. The organization has now implemented this response: Require approved image provenance, scanning policy and deploy-time signature validation. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. A signing test enforces protected identity and key access without exposing raw private material.
  2. An approved change ticket for Require approved image provenance, scanning policy and deploy-time signature validation. without a completed verification result.
  3. Unsigned or untrusted images fail deployment while reviewed digests succeed.
  4. Detection exercises block new test secrets and retired leaked tokens fail authentication.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Unsigned or untrusted images fail deployment while reviewed digests succeed. This validates that supply-chain policy must enforce trusted source and acceptable risk at deployment.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This other observation is relevant to: A build system signs release artifacts using a private key exposed in logs visible to all developers.

B:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Unsigned or untrusted images fail deployment while reviewed digests succeed.

D:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A team receives repeated reports of accidentally committed API keys but only removes the affected lines.

Question 857

A previous security situation was: A container registry allows deployments from arbitrary unsigned images supplied by any engineer. Now the requirement changes: A zero-day impacts the base image of several already running services. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Trust every image with a familiar repository name regardless of digest or signer.
  2. Unsigned or untrusted images fail deployment while reviewed digests succeed.
  3. Inventory affected deployments and execute a tested base image replacement plan.
  4. Require approved image provenance, scanning policy and deploy-time signature validation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Runtime exposure persists after the original admission decision. The revised action is Inventory affected deployments and execute a tested base image replacement plan.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This remains inappropriate: Names are mutable labels, not cryptographic evidence of approved content.

B:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Unsigned or untrusted images fail deployment while reviewed digests succeed.

D:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Supply-chain policy must enforce trusted source and acceptable risk at deployment. It does not directly meet the new condition.

Question 858

Developers bypass security tests by merging directly to the main repository branch during release pressure. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Pin reviewed build dependencies and use least-privilege short-lived CI identities.
  2. Enforce protected branches with required reviews, test outcomes and bounded emergency overrides.
  3. Rely on a team promise to run tests after every direct production merge.
  4. Use a preauthorized emergency review path with retrospective independent validation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Access controls must prevent unreviewed changes to the authoritative source. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This response addresses a different condition: A project fetches external CI actions by mutable branch name and gives each build job a production administration token. The present case requires the measure described by Enforce protected branches with required reviews, test outcomes and bounded emergency overrides.

C:

Intentions do not enforce security requirements or prevent unsafe immediate releases. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

D:

This is appropriate for a later condition (A critical security fix must ship before the normal code review meeting.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Emergency procedures can preserve accountability without removing all change gates.

Question 859

A development manager claims software security improved because static scans now report fewer findings after many rules were disabled. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Treat any reduction in scan alerts as definitive evidence of safer software.
  2. Extend testing methods and evaluate coverage gaps before accepting risk metrics.
  3. Perform runtime regression testing of sensitive storage and session handling after change.
  4. Measure meaningful defect discovery, coverage, escaped vulnerabilities and rule configuration changes.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Finding counts may fall because coverage weakened rather than risk declined. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Changing detector sensitivity can mask real vulnerabilities. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

B:

This is appropriate for a later condition (A new release adds an unfamiliar programming language with weak scanner support.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Assessment capability must follow changes in implementation technology.

C:

This response addresses a different condition: A mobile application passes security unit tests but a live update introduces unsafe data caching on shared devices. The present case requires the measure described by Measure meaningful defect discovery, coverage, escaped vulnerabilities and rule configuration changes.

Question 860

A development manager claims software security improved because static scans now report fewer findings after many rules were disabled. A designer proposes: Treat any reduction in scan alerts as definitive evidence of safer software. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. A marketing claim lacks sufficient test scope and defensible evidence.
  2. Assessment capability must follow changes in implementation technology.
  3. No tool or test can guarantee absence of all vulnerabilities; assurance depends on credible coverage.
  4. Changing detector sensitivity can mask real vulnerabilities.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Changing detector sensitivity can mask real vulnerabilities. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is a limitation elsewhere: A vendor claims zero vulnerabilities in software, but the client needs credible evidence for purchasing decisions. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

B:

This explains a later shift in requirements (A new release adds an unfamiliar programming language with weak scanner support.), not the failure of the current proposal.

C:

This is an advantage of another design (Request scoped assessment methods, limits, independent evidence and remediation history.), not the particular flaw of Treat any reduction in scan alerts as definitive evidence of safer software.

Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) Practice Tests