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ISC CISSP Practice Test 84

Question 830

A previous security situation was: A team merges application code but fails to track which reviewed source revision produced a production executable. Now the requirement changes: A critical vulnerability emerges in a build dependency after release. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Establish traceable builds connecting approved source, builder and deployed artifact digests.
  2. Trust an unsigned executable filename and deployment timestamp as sufficient provenance.
  3. Reproducible or attested build records link source revision and signed deployment digest.
  4. Map the dependency to affected builds and prioritize coordinated patched releases.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Post-release component exposure needs traceability and remediation in addition to provenance. The revised action is Map the dependency to affected builds and prioritize coordinated patched releases.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Release integrity requires a verifiable linkage from change review to production software. It does not directly meet the new condition.

B:

This remains inappropriate: Names and timestamps do not authenticate code origin or protect against substitution.

C:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Reproducible or attested build records link source revision and signed deployment digest.

Question 831

A product team retires an old mobile app but its API keys and customer data cache remain reachable for months. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Provide an authenticated bounded archive rather than reactivating obsolete APIs.
  2. Establish traceable builds connecting approved source, builder and deployed artifact digests.
  3. Include key revocation, endpoint closure and data disposition in the retirement phase of SDLC.
  4. Remove the app from the public store and assume every backend secret is harmless.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Lifecycle security extends beyond initial deployment into shutdown and archival. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is appropriate for a later condition (Some users require access to legally mandated historical receipts.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Retention needs can be met through secure archival workflows without restoring insecure clients.

B:

This response addresses a different condition: A team merges application code but fails to track which reviewed source revision produced a production executable. The present case requires the measure described by Include key revocation, endpoint closure and data disposition in the retirement phase of SDLC.

D:

Retired client binaries can still expose credentials and functioning APIs. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

Question 832

A product team retires an old mobile app but its API keys and customer data cache remain reachable for months. A designer proposes: Remove the app from the public store and assume every backend secret is harmless. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. Retention needs can be met through secure archival workflows without restoring insecure clients.
  2. Security decisions belong in SDLC planning before costly architecture is fixed.
  3. Retired client binaries can still expose credentials and functioning APIs.
  4. Reactive-only design leaves predictable flaws and expensive rework.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Retired client binaries can still expose credentials and functioning APIs. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This explains a later shift in requirements (Some users require access to legally mandated historical receipts.), not the failure of the current proposal.

B:

This is an advantage of another design (Capture abuse cases, security requirements and testable acceptance criteria during initial design.), not the particular flaw of Remove the app from the public store and assume every backend secret is harmless.

D:

This is a limitation elsewhere: A product owner adds financial transaction features without security acceptance criteria or a threat model. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

Question 833

A product team retires an old mobile app but its API keys and customer data cache remain reachable for months. The organization has now implemented this response: Include key revocation, endpoint closure and data disposition in the retirement phase of SDLC. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. Story acceptance records map threats to implemented access tests and design owners.
  2. An approved change ticket for Include key revocation, endpoint closure and data disposition in the retirement phase of SDLC. without a completed verification result.
  3. Decommission tests show old client tokens denied and data retained only under approved policy.
  4. Every material identity change references updated threats and automated negative tests.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Decommission tests show old client tokens denied and data retained only under approved policy. This validates that lifecycle security extends beyond initial deployment into shutdown and archival.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This other observation is relevant to: A product owner adds financial transaction features without security acceptance criteria or a threat model.

B:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Decommission tests show old client tokens denied and data retained only under approved policy.

D:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A development team ships weekly releases, but no process revisits threats when authentication flows change.

Question 834

A CI/CD pipeline downloads third-party build actions with mutable tags and publishes unsigned artifacts. Which recommendation should the security leader make FIRST to address the stated objective?

  1. A build attestation ties source revision, builder identity and immutable artifact digest to the release.
  2. Gate the release on dependency risk treatment and an updated software composition inventory.
  3. Pin reviewed dependencies and verify signed artifact provenance under protected build credentials.
  4. Allow build workers to fetch arbitrary latest scripts and publish without identity verification.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A controlled software supply chain constrains who and what can modify released binaries. The scenario is: A CI/CD pipeline downloads third-party build actions with mutable tags and publishes unsigned artifacts.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is useful evidence after implementation, rather than the FIRST recommended decision for this objective. A build attestation ties source revision, builder identity and immutable artifact digest to the release.

B:

This addresses a distinct subsequent requirement: Security analysis flags a vulnerable dependency after the build provenance checks have passed. Supply-chain integrity proofs cannot substitute for assessing vulnerability exposure in dependencies.

D:

Unpinned dependencies and unsigned outputs permit untraceable supply-chain changes. The rejected action is: Allow build workers to fetch arbitrary latest scripts and publish without identity verification.

Question 835

A CI/CD pipeline downloads third-party build actions with mutable tags and publishes unsigned artifacts. A colleague instead proposes: "Allow build workers to fetch arbitrary latest scripts and publish without identity verification." Which finding BEST explains why the proposal should be rejected?

  1. It is inadequate only because of a different later condition: Security analysis flags a vulnerable dependency after the build provenance checks have passed.
  2. No evidence or governance records should be retained when evaluating this 8.2 decision.
  3. Unpinned dependencies and unsigned outputs permit untraceable supply-chain changes.
  4. Its only deficiency is a missing executive signature, even if the design still fails the stated requirement.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Unpinned dependencies and unsigned outputs permit untraceable supply-chain changes. This directly invalidates the proposed action: Allow build workers to fetch arbitrary latest scripts and publish without identity verification.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The subsequent circumstance is separate and does not explain why this proposed action fails the initial case. Supply-chain integrity proofs cannot substitute for assessing vulnerability exposure in dependencies.

B:

Destroying records would weaken oversight and cannot remedy the immediate technical or governance flaw: Unpinned dependencies and unsigned outputs permit untraceable supply-chain changes.

D:

Approval alone cannot fix the specific weakness: Unpinned dependencies and unsigned outputs permit untraceable supply-chain changes.

Question 836

A CI/CD pipeline downloads third-party build actions with mutable tags and publishes unsigned artifacts. After implementing "Pin reviewed dependencies and verify signed artifact provenance under protected build credentials.", what evidence BEST demonstrates that the intended security outcome is functioning?

  1. A declaration that no incident has been reported, without exercising the relevant control.
  2. A meeting record that the alternate design "Gate the release on dependency risk treatment and an updated software composition inventory." was discussed but never tested.
  3. A build attestation ties source revision, builder identity and immutable artifact digest to the release.
  4. A note proposing to test this exact 8.2 measure in a future quarter.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A build attestation ties source revision, builder identity and immutable artifact digest to the release. This verifies the original requirement because a controlled software supply chain constrains who and what can modify released binaries.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Absence of reported incidents is not a controlled validation of the requirement. A stronger proof is: A build attestation ties source revision, builder identity and immutable artifact digest to the release.

B:

Discussion of a different design does not demonstrate the deployed control. Supply-chain integrity proofs cannot substitute for assessing vulnerability exposure in dependencies.

D:

An unexecuted future plan does not prove current effectiveness for the stated 8.2 objective. The evidence should include: A build attestation ties source revision, builder identity and immutable artifact digest to the release.

Question 837

The organization previously faced this problem: A CI/CD pipeline downloads third-party build actions with mutable tags and publishes unsigned artifacts. Its requirement then changes: Security analysis flags a vulnerable dependency after the build provenance checks have passed. Which revised action BEST meets the new requirement?

  1. Allow build workers to fetch arbitrary latest scripts and publish without identity verification.
  2. Keep the original 8.2 policy unchanged, and defer the newly identified requirement without a risk decision.
  3. Gate the release on dependency risk treatment and an updated software composition inventory.
  4. Pin reviewed dependencies and verify signed artifact provenance under protected build credentials.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Supply-chain integrity proofs cannot substitute for assessing vulnerability exposure in dependencies. The appropriate revised action is: Gate the release on dependency risk treatment and an updated software composition inventory.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The earlier rejected approach remains inappropriate. Unpinned dependencies and unsigned outputs permit untraceable supply-chain changes.

B:

The new requirement needs an accountable response, not automatic deferral. Supply-chain integrity proofs cannot substitute for assessing vulnerability exposure in dependencies.

D:

This addresses the original situation: A controlled software supply chain constrains who and what can modify released binaries. It does not directly meet the changed requirement: Security analysis flags a vulnerable dependency after the build provenance checks have passed.

Question 838

A project fetches external CI actions by mutable branch name and gives each build job a production administration token. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Separate untrusted contribution workflows from privileged release jobs with independent approval.
  2. Use secret scanning, token revocation and protected merge gates with safe developer credential workflows.
  3. Pin reviewed build dependencies and use least-privilege short-lived CI identities.
  4. Run every pull request with the same permanent production root credential.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Build integrity and credential scope reduce pipeline compromise and supply-chain blast radius. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is appropriate for a later condition (The project begins accepting external community contributions.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. External contributors change the trust boundary for CI/CD execution.

B:

This response addresses a different condition: A team receives repeated reports of accidentally committed API keys but only removes the affected lines. The present case requires the measure described by Pin reviewed build dependencies and use least-privilege short-lived CI identities.

D:

Untrusted changes can steal broad credentials and alter production artifacts. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

Question 839

A project fetches external CI actions by mutable branch name and gives each build job a production administration token. A designer proposes: Run every pull request with the same permanent production root credential. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. External contributors change the trust boundary for CI/CD execution.
  2. Dependency transparency supports known-vulnerability and license risk decisions.
  3. Untrusted changes can steal broad credentials and alter production artifacts.
  4. Indirect dependencies may carry vulnerable code or incompatible licenses.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Untrusted changes can steal broad credentials and alter production artifacts. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This explains a later shift in requirements (The project begins accepting external community contributions.), not the failure of the current proposal.

B:

This is an advantage of another design (Generate a verified SBOM and link composition analysis to build outputs.), not the particular flaw of Run every pull request with the same permanent production root credential.

D:

This is a limitation elsewhere: A legacy application has no inventory of dependencies or artifact versions used in releases. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

Question 840

A project fetches external CI actions by mutable branch name and gives each build job a production administration token. The organization has now implemented this response: Pin reviewed build dependencies and use least-privilege short-lived CI identities. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. Unauthorized merge attempts fail and exceptions are time-bound and independently logged.
  2. An approved change ticket for Pin reviewed build dependencies and use least-privilege short-lived CI identities. without a completed verification result.
  3. An untrusted test branch cannot retrieve release credentials, and signed build provenance is recorded.
  4. A signing test enforces protected identity and key access without exposing raw private material.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

An untrusted test branch cannot retrieve release credentials, and signed build provenance is recorded. This validates that build integrity and credential scope reduce pipeline compromise and supply-chain blast radius.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This other observation is relevant to: Developers bypass security tests by merging directly to the main repository branch during release pressure.

B:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is An untrusted test branch cannot retrieve release credentials, and signed build provenance is recorded.

D:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A build system signs release artifacts using a private key exposed in logs visible to all developers.

Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) Practice Tests