ISC CISSP Practice Test 85
Question 840
A project fetches external CI actions by mutable branch name and gives each build job a production administration token. The organization has now implemented this response: Pin reviewed build dependencies and use least-privilege short-lived CI identities. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?
- Unauthorized merge attempts fail and exceptions are time-bound and independently logged.
- An approved change ticket for Pin reviewed build dependencies and use least-privilege short-lived CI identities. without a completed verification result.
- An untrusted test branch cannot retrieve release credentials, and signed build provenance is recorded.
- A signing test enforces protected identity and key access without exposing raw private material.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:An untrusted test branch cannot retrieve release credentials, and signed build provenance is recorded. This validates that build integrity and credential scope reduce pipeline compromise and supply-chain blast radius.
Incorrect Answers
A:This other observation is relevant to: Developers bypass security tests by merging directly to the main repository branch during release pressure.
B:An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is An untrusted test branch cannot retrieve release credentials, and signed build provenance is recorded.
D:This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A build system signs release artifacts using a private key exposed in logs visible to all developers.
Question 841
A previous security situation was: A project fetches external CI actions by mutable branch name and gives each build job a production administration token. Now the requirement changes: The project begins accepting external community contributions. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?
- Run every pull request with the same permanent production root credential.
- An untrusted test branch cannot retrieve release credentials, and signed build provenance is recorded.
- Separate untrusted contribution workflows from privileged release jobs with independent approval.
- Pin reviewed build dependencies and use least-privilege short-lived CI identities.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:External contributors change the trust boundary for CI/CD execution. The revised action is Separate untrusted contribution workflows from privileged release jobs with independent approval.
Incorrect Answers
A:This remains inappropriate: Untrusted changes can steal broad credentials and alter production artifacts.
B:This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: An untrusted test branch cannot retrieve release credentials, and signed build provenance is recorded.
D:This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Build integrity and credential scope reduce pipeline compromise and supply-chain blast radius. It does not directly meet the new condition.
Question 842
A team receives repeated reports of accidentally committed API keys but only removes the affected lines. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?
- Generate a verified SBOM and link composition analysis to build outputs.
- Use secret scanning, token revocation and protected merge gates with safe developer credential workflows.
- Assume a secret is safe once it disappears from the latest commit.
- Evaluate mirror exposure and issue purpose-limited vendor credentials.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Secrets may remain in version history after a current-file deletion. This directly addresses the stated situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:This response addresses a different condition: A legacy application has no inventory of dependencies or artifact versions used in releases. The present case requires the measure described by Use secret scanning, token revocation and protected merge gates with safe developer credential workflows.
C:Historic repository copies and caches can preserve exposed credentials. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.
D:This is appropriate for a later condition (An internal repository must be temporarily mirrored to a vendor account.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. External repository mirroring changes secret custody and supply-chain trust.
Question 843
A team receives repeated reports of accidentally committed API keys but only removes the affected lines. A designer proposes: Assume a secret is safe once it disappears from the latest commit. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?
- Artifact signatures are untrustworthy if attackers can steal the signing key.
- Historic repository copies and caches can preserve exposed credentials.
- Possession of the signing key lets an attacker generate apparently valid malicious artifacts.
- External repository mirroring changes secret custody and supply-chain trust.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Historic repository copies and caches can preserve exposed credentials. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.
Incorrect Answers
A:This is an advantage of another design (Move signing operations into protected key storage with restricted release identity and auditable use.), not the particular flaw of Assume a secret is safe once it disappears from the latest commit.
C:This is a limitation elsewhere: A build system signs release artifacts using a private key exposed in logs visible to all developers. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.
D:This explains a later shift in requirements (An internal repository must be temporarily mirrored to a vendor account.), not the failure of the current proposal.
Question 844
A team receives repeated reports of accidentally committed API keys but only removes the affected lines. The organization has now implemented this response: Use secret scanning, token revocation and protected merge gates with safe developer credential workflows. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?
- An approved change ticket for Use secret scanning, token revocation and protected merge gates with safe developer credential workflows. without a completed verification result.
- Detection exercises block new test secrets and retired leaked tokens fail authentication.
- Unsigned or untrusted images fail deployment while reviewed digests succeed.
- An untrusted test branch cannot retrieve release credentials, and signed build provenance is recorded.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Detection exercises block new test secrets and retired leaked tokens fail authentication. This validates that secrets may remain in version history after a current-file deletion.
Incorrect Answers
A:An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Detection exercises block new test secrets and retired leaked tokens fail authentication.
C:This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A container registry allows deployments from arbitrary unsigned images supplied by any engineer.
D:This other observation is relevant to: A project fetches external CI actions by mutable branch name and gives each build job a production administration token.
Question 845
A previous security situation was: A team receives repeated reports of accidentally committed API keys but only removes the affected lines. Now the requirement changes: An internal repository must be temporarily mirrored to a vendor account. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?
- Detection exercises block new test secrets and retired leaked tokens fail authentication.
- Evaluate mirror exposure and issue purpose-limited vendor credentials.
- Use secret scanning, token revocation and protected merge gates with safe developer credential workflows.
- Assume a secret is safe once it disappears from the latest commit.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:External repository mirroring changes secret custody and supply-chain trust. The revised action is Evaluate mirror exposure and issue purpose-limited vendor credentials.
Incorrect Answers
A:This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Detection exercises block new test secrets and retired leaked tokens fail authentication.
C:This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Secrets may remain in version history after a current-file deletion. It does not directly meet the new condition.
D:This remains inappropriate: Historic repository copies and caches can preserve exposed credentials.
Question 846
A legacy application has no inventory of dependencies or artifact versions used in releases. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?
- Generate a verified SBOM and link composition analysis to build outputs.
- Scan only top-level package names while ignoring nested libraries.
- Plan supported replacement or risk-owned isolation with lifecycle monitoring.
- Move signing operations into protected key storage with restricted release identity and auditable use.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Dependency transparency supports known-vulnerability and license risk decisions. This directly addresses the stated situation.
Incorrect Answers
B:Indirect dependencies may carry vulnerable code or incompatible licenses. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.
C:This is appropriate for a later condition (A maintainer abandons a dependency used in a critical component.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Abandoned packages introduce sustainability and maintenance risks beyond current CVEs.
D:This response addresses a different condition: A build system signs release artifacts using a private key exposed in logs visible to all developers. The present case requires the measure described by Generate a verified SBOM and link composition analysis to build outputs.
Question 847
A legacy application has no inventory of dependencies or artifact versions used in releases. A designer proposes: Scan only top-level package names while ignoring nested libraries. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?
- Indirect dependencies may carry vulnerable code or incompatible licenses.
- Names are mutable labels, not cryptographic evidence of approved content.
- Abandoned packages introduce sustainability and maintenance risks beyond current CVEs.
- Supply-chain policy must enforce trusted source and acceptable risk at deployment.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Indirect dependencies may carry vulnerable code or incompatible licenses. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.
Incorrect Answers
B:This is a limitation elsewhere: A container registry allows deployments from arbitrary unsigned images supplied by any engineer. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.
C:This explains a later shift in requirements (A maintainer abandons a dependency used in a critical component.), not the failure of the current proposal.
D:This is an advantage of another design (Require approved image provenance, scanning policy and deploy-time signature validation.), not the particular flaw of Scan only top-level package names while ignoring nested libraries.
Question 848
A legacy application has no inventory of dependencies or artifact versions used in releases. The organization has now implemented this response: Generate a verified SBOM and link composition analysis to build outputs. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?
- Artifact digests map to exact dependency versions and triaged vulnerability findings.
- Unauthorized merge attempts fail and exceptions are time-bound and independently logged.
- Detection exercises block new test secrets and retired leaked tokens fail authentication.
- An approved change ticket for Generate a verified SBOM and link composition analysis to build outputs. without a completed verification result.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Artifact digests map to exact dependency versions and triaged vulnerability findings. This validates that dependency transparency supports known-vulnerability and license risk decisions.
Incorrect Answers
B:This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: Developers bypass security tests by merging directly to the main repository branch during release pressure.
C:This other observation is relevant to: A team receives repeated reports of accidentally committed API keys but only removes the affected lines.
D:An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Artifact digests map to exact dependency versions and triaged vulnerability findings.
Question 849
A previous security situation was: A legacy application has no inventory of dependencies or artifact versions used in releases. Now the requirement changes: A maintainer abandons a dependency used in a critical component. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?
- Plan supported replacement or risk-owned isolation with lifecycle monitoring.
- Generate a verified SBOM and link composition analysis to build outputs.
- Scan only top-level package names while ignoring nested libraries.
- Artifact digests map to exact dependency versions and triaged vulnerability findings.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Abandoned packages introduce sustainability and maintenance risks beyond current CVEs. The revised action is Plan supported replacement or risk-owned isolation with lifecycle monitoring.
Incorrect Answers
B:This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Dependency transparency supports known-vulnerability and license risk decisions. It does not directly meet the new condition.
C:This remains inappropriate: Indirect dependencies may carry vulnerable code or incompatible licenses.
D:This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Artifact digests map to exact dependency versions and triaged vulnerability findings.
Question 850
A build system signs release artifacts using a private key exposed in logs visible to all developers. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?
- Leave the key in the logs and rely on signed files as proof of safe release.
- Revoke affected keys and certificates, investigate releases and reestablish trust.
- Require approved image provenance, scanning policy and deploy-time signature validation.
- Move signing operations into protected key storage with restricted release identity and auditable use.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Artifact signatures are untrustworthy if attackers can steal the signing key. This directly addresses the stated situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:Possession of the signing key lets an attacker generate apparently valid malicious artifacts. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.
B:This is appropriate for a later condition (An incident confirms unauthorized use of the signing identity.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Known key compromise requires trust invalidation, not only better future storage.
C:This response addresses a different condition: A container registry allows deployments from arbitrary unsigned images supplied by any engineer. The present case requires the measure described by Move signing operations into protected key storage with restricted release identity and auditable use.