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ISC CISSP Practice Test 40

Question 390

A network architect proposes relying only on DNS records for failover to a remote payment processor, with no application health checks. The organization has now implemented this response: Use verified health-aware failover and assess client caching, session state and recovery limitations. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. Failure exercises measure actual client recovery and transaction integrity across endpoints.
  2. Negative tests prove identity claims are generated only by the trusted proxy and TLS paths are validated.
  3. A peer revocation test removes one branch without affecting healthy sites.
  4. An approved change ticket for Use verified health-aware failover and assess client caching, session state and recovery limitations. without a completed verification result.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Failure exercises measure actual client recovery and transaction integrity across endpoints. This validates that DNS answers alone cannot guarantee timely application recovery or state continuity.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A datacenter deploys a load balancer without preserving correct client identity and TLS validation to backends.

C:

This other observation is relevant to: A branch VPN is configured with a pre-shared key reused across hundreds of sites and no rotation records.

D:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Failure exercises measure actual client recovery and transaction integrity across endpoints.

Question 391

A previous security situation was: A network architect proposes relying only on DNS records for failover to a remote payment processor, with no application health checks. Now the requirement changes: Payment traffic requires resilience to loss of one datacenter network provider. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Add independent diverse carrier connectivity and routing failover validation.
  2. Use verified health-aware failover and assess client caching, session state and recovery limitations.
  3. Assume lowering TTL to zero guarantees instantaneous sessions move safely.
  4. Failure exercises measure actual client recovery and transaction integrity across endpoints.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Upstream connectivity redundancy complements application-level endpoint failover. The revised action is Add independent diverse carrier connectivity and routing failover validation.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: DNS answers alone cannot guarantee timely application recovery or state continuity. It does not directly meet the new condition.

C:

This remains inappropriate: DNS caches and open connections may outlast record changes; state must be handled.

D:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Failure exercises measure actual client recovery and transaction integrity across endpoints.

Question 392

A cloud virtual private network has several workloads using overlapping CIDR blocks after a merger. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Advertise the same overlapping prefixes unmodified through a single transit hub.
  2. Plan coordinated nonoverlapping address migration with dependency and rollback testing.
  3. Place narrow application proxies and restricted flows across separate trust zones.
  4. Design selective service access or phased renumbering and avoid ambiguous routing across overlapping prefixes.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Basic routed network attachment cannot distinguish duplicate destination address ranges. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Indistinguishable routes create ambiguity and incorrect reachability. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

B:

This is appropriate for a later condition (The long-term merger strategy requires unrestricted routed connectivity among the estates.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Full network integration requires address uniqueness or another explicitly engineered translation scheme.

C:

This response addresses a different condition: A corporation's DMZ web server has direct unrestricted access to the internal payroll database. The present case requires the measure described by Design selective service access or phased renumbering and avoid ambiguous routing across overlapping prefixes.

Question 393

A cloud virtual private network has several workloads using overlapping CIDR blocks after a merger. A designer proposes: Advertise the same overlapping prefixes unmodified through a single transit hub. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. Untrusted headers allow identity spoofing and privilege escalation.
  2. Full network integration requires address uniqueness or another explicitly engineered translation scheme.
  3. A reverse proxy becomes a trust boundary and must not allow spoofed client assertions.
  4. Indistinguishable routes create ambiguity and incorrect reachability.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Indistinguishable routes create ambiguity and incorrect reachability. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is a limitation elsewhere: A datacenter deploys a load balancer without preserving correct client identity and TLS validation to backends. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

B:

This explains a later shift in requirements (The long-term merger strategy requires unrestricted routed connectivity among the estates.), not the failure of the current proposal.

C:

This is an advantage of another design (Design end-to-end authentication, header trust and TLS termination policy across the proxy boundary.), not the particular flaw of Advertise the same overlapping prefixes unmodified through a single transit hub.

Question 394

A cloud virtual private network has several workloads using overlapping CIDR blocks after a merger. The organization has now implemented this response: Design selective service access or phased renumbering and avoid ambiguous routing across overlapping prefixes. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. A failover and mispatch exercise shows controlled convergence without flooding.
  2. Tests show forbidden finance access blocked while permitted shared services remain reachable.
  3. An approved change ticket for Design selective service access or phased renumbering and avoid ambiguous routing across overlapping prefixes. without a completed verification result.
  4. A controlled path test reaches only intended services without leaking unrelated subnets.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A controlled path test reaches only intended services without leaking unrelated subnets. This validates that basic routed network attachment cannot distinguish duplicate destination address ranges.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A campus network has a loop prevention misconfiguration causing broadcast storms across critical switches.

B:

This other observation is relevant to: A virtual networking team deploys VLANs for finance and operations but routes all traffic between them without access policy.

C:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is A controlled path test reaches only intended services without leaking unrelated subnets.

Question 395

A previous security situation was: A cloud virtual private network has several workloads using overlapping CIDR blocks after a merger. Now the requirement changes: The long-term merger strategy requires unrestricted routed connectivity among the estates. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Design selective service access or phased renumbering and avoid ambiguous routing across overlapping prefixes.
  2. Advertise the same overlapping prefixes unmodified through a single transit hub.
  3. A controlled path test reaches only intended services without leaking unrelated subnets.
  4. Plan coordinated nonoverlapping address migration with dependency and rollback testing.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Full network integration requires address uniqueness or another explicitly engineered translation scheme. The revised action is Plan coordinated nonoverlapping address migration with dependency and rollback testing.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Basic routed network attachment cannot distinguish duplicate destination address ranges. It does not directly meet the new condition.

B:

This remains inappropriate: Indistinguishable routes create ambiguity and incorrect reachability.

C:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: A controlled path test reaches only intended services without leaking unrelated subnets.

Question 396

A SaaS provider uses public IP filters for partner authentication even though thousands of users share NAT egress. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Add a supported mutually authenticated secure tunnel where appropriate.
  2. Design end-to-end authentication, header trust and TLS termination policy across the proxy boundary.
  3. Require application-level identity and authorization, with network restrictions only as supplemental policy.
  4. Authorize all requests from an approved NAT address without user identity checks.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

A shared external address identifies a network path, not the principal making a request. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is appropriate for a later condition (A business partner also needs data-path confidentiality from its branch appliance.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Link encryption adds transit assurance but does not replace per-user authorization.

B:

This response addresses a different condition: A datacenter deploys a load balancer without preserving correct client identity and TLS validation to backends. The present case requires the measure described by Require application-level identity and authorization, with network restrictions only as supplemental policy.

D:

An unrelated user behind the same egress can gain unintended application access. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

Question 397

A SaaS provider uses public IP filters for partner authentication even though thousands of users share NAT egress. A designer proposes: Authorize all requests from an approved NAT address without user identity checks. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. Link encryption adds transit assurance but does not replace per-user authorization.
  2. Layer 2 loop protection preserves network availability during cabling mistakes or device changes.
  3. An unrelated user behind the same egress can gain unintended application access.
  4. Layer 2 loops can amplify traffic until applications fail.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

An unrelated user behind the same egress can gain unintended application access. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This explains a later shift in requirements (A business partner also needs data-path confidentiality from its branch appliance.), not the failure of the current proposal.

B:

This is an advantage of another design (Implement resilient topology controls and validate spanning-tree or loop-free design under failure.), not the particular flaw of Authorize all requests from an approved NAT address without user identity checks.

D:

This is a limitation elsewhere: A campus network has a loop prevention misconfiguration causing broadcast storms across critical switches. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

Question 398

A SaaS provider uses public IP filters for partner authentication even though thousands of users share NAT egress. The organization has now implemented this response: Require application-level identity and authorization, with network restrictions only as supplemental policy. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. Captured underlay traffic lacks readable payment content and invalid peers are rejected.
  2. An approved change ticket for Require application-level identity and authorization, with network restrictions only as supplemental policy. without a completed verification result.
  3. Negative tests with unauthorized users on allowed source IPs return denials.
  4. A controlled prohibited connection is rejected, logged and does not disrupt allowed services.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Negative tests with unauthorized users on allowed source IPs return denials. This validates that a shared external address identifies a network path, not the principal making a request.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This other observation is relevant to: An enterprise SD-WAN automatically selects cheap broadband routes but sensitive transactions cross untrusted links in plaintext.

B:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Negative tests with unauthorized users on allowed source IPs return denials.

D:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A secure branch passes traffic through an IDS but does not prevent active lateral exploitation on a trusted subnet.

Question 399

A previous security situation was: A SaaS provider uses public IP filters for partner authentication even though thousands of users share NAT egress. Now the requirement changes: A business partner also needs data-path confidentiality from its branch appliance. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Authorize all requests from an approved NAT address without user identity checks.
  2. Negative tests with unauthorized users on allowed source IPs return denials.
  3. Add a supported mutually authenticated secure tunnel where appropriate.
  4. Require application-level identity and authorization, with network restrictions only as supplemental policy.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Link encryption adds transit assurance but does not replace per-user authorization. The revised action is Add a supported mutually authenticated secure tunnel where appropriate.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This remains inappropriate: An unrelated user behind the same egress can gain unintended application access.

B:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Negative tests with unauthorized users on allowed source IPs return denials.

D:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: A shared external address identifies a network path, not the principal making a request. It does not directly meet the new condition.

Question 400

A corporation's DMZ web server has direct unrestricted access to the internal payroll database. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Implement resilient topology controls and validate spanning-tree or loop-free design under failure.
  2. Place narrow application proxies and restricted flows across separate trust zones.
  3. Permit any DMZ destination to reach all payroll ports for future troubleshooting.
  4. Provide a separate purpose-scoped reporting API with access controls and logging.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A breached public-facing host must not inherit arbitrary access to sensitive internal systems. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This response addresses a different condition: A campus network has a loop prevention misconfiguration causing broadcast storms across critical switches. The present case requires the measure described by Place narrow application proxies and restricted flows across separate trust zones.

C:

Unrestricted lateral traffic magnifies the impact of internet-facing compromise. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

D:

This is appropriate for a later condition (Payroll later adds a read-only reporting integration to an external auditor.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. An auditor's new data need requires scoped data release, not a general DMZ route.

Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) Practice Tests