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ISC CISSP Practice Test 38

Question 370

A payment API suffers packet reordering and high loss during peak use across a congested carrier link. The organization has now implemented this response: Measure latency, loss, jitter and application service objectives before QoS or capacity changes. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. An approved change ticket for Measure latency, loss, jitter and application service objectives before QoS or capacity changes. without a completed verification result.
  2. A load test shows transaction response and packet-loss targets met under realistic demand.
  3. Tests show guest and IoT clients cannot reach employee administration resources.
  4. A controlled prohibited connection is rejected, logged and does not disrupt allowed services.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A load test shows transaction response and packet-loss targets met under realistic demand. This validates that capacity and queue design must reflect actual traffic characteristics and business service levels.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is A load test shows transaction response and packet-loss targets met under realistic demand.

C:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A wireless enterprise deploys one SSID with a shared passphrase for employees, visitors and industrial sensors.

D:

This other observation is relevant to: A secure branch passes traffic through an IDS but does not prevent active lateral exploitation on a trusted subnet.

Question 371

A previous security situation was: A payment API suffers packet reordering and high loss during peak use across a congested carrier link. Now the requirement changes: A new voice service shares the same WAN paths. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. A load test shows transaction response and packet-loss targets met under realistic demand.
  2. Classify real-time traffic and verify bounded voice jitter without starving payment traffic.
  3. Measure latency, loss, jitter and application service objectives before QoS or capacity changes.
  4. Prioritize every packet at the highest QoS class to eliminate congestion.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Mixed traffic needs differentiated QoS policies and fairness. The revised action is Classify real-time traffic and verify bounded voice jitter without starving payment traffic.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: A load test shows transaction response and packet-loss targets met under realistic demand.

C:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Capacity and queue design must reflect actual traffic characteristics and business service levels. It does not directly meet the new condition.

D:

This remains inappropriate: If all traffic is highest priority, QoS cannot preserve differentiated service.

Question 372

A branch VPN is configured with a pre-shared key reused across hundreds of sites and no rotation records. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Use distinct strong peer credentials, certificate-based identities where suitable and governed key lifecycle.
  2. Keep the shared key permanently because encrypted payloads are already private.
  3. Enforce tunnel route filters and segmentation based on least-privilege access policies.
  4. Require encrypted authenticated overlays and verify underlay path policies for protected traffic.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Shared secrets create large compromise blast radius and weak site-level attribution. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Encrypted tunnels still depend on secret custody, authentication and revocation. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

C:

This is appropriate for a later condition (The branch must also control which internal subnets VPN users can reach.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Encrypted connectivity does not itself authorize broad internal network reachability.

D:

This response addresses a different condition: An enterprise SD-WAN automatically selects cheap broadband routes but sensitive transactions cross untrusted links in plaintext. The present case requires the measure described by Use distinct strong peer credentials, certificate-based identities where suitable and governed key lifecycle.

Question 373

A branch VPN is configured with a pre-shared key reused across hundreds of sites and no rotation records. A designer proposes: Keep the shared key permanently because encrypted payloads are already private. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. Encrypted tunnels still depend on secret custody, authentication and revocation.
  2. Public secrets remove network identity assurance and expose sensitive access.
  3. Encrypted connectivity does not itself authorize broad internal network reachability.
  4. Shared PSKs and common network access impede individual attribution and segmentation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Encrypted tunnels still depend on secret custody, authentication and revocation. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This is a limitation elsewhere: A wireless enterprise deploys one SSID with a shared passphrase for employees, visitors and industrial sensors. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

C:

This explains a later shift in requirements (The branch must also control which internal subnets VPN users can reach.), not the failure of the current proposal.

D:

This is an advantage of another design (Separate access roles and use enterprise authentication with tightly scoped IoT and guest networks.), not the particular flaw of Keep the shared key permanently because encrypted payloads are already private.

Question 374

A branch VPN is configured with a pre-shared key reused across hundreds of sites and no rotation records. The organization has now implemented this response: Use distinct strong peer credentials, certificate-based identities where suitable and governed key lifecycle. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. A peer revocation test removes one branch without affecting healthy sites.
  2. Failure exercises measure actual client recovery and transaction integrity across endpoints.
  3. Negative command tests from nonapproved hosts fail without affecting legitimate control traffic.
  4. An approved change ticket for Use distinct strong peer credentials, certificate-based identities where suitable and governed key lifecycle. without a completed verification result.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

A peer revocation test removes one branch without affecting healthy sites. This validates that shared secrets create large compromise blast radius and weak site-level attribution.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A network architect proposes relying only on DNS records for failover to a remote payment processor, with no application health checks.

C:

This other observation is relevant to: An industrial wireless gateway forwards Modbus control traffic across a generic IP network without validating permitted command sources.

D:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is A peer revocation test removes one branch without affecting healthy sites.

Question 375

A branch VPN is configured with a pre-shared key reused across hundreds of sites and no rotation records. The team must implement a defensible safeguard AND demonstrate that it works. Which TWO entries form that control-and-evidence pair? (Select TWO.)

  1. Design selective service access or phased renumbering and avoid ambiguous routing across overlapping prefixes.
  2. Use distinct strong peer credentials, certificate-based identities where suitable and governed key lifecycle.
  3. A peer revocation test removes one branch without affecting healthy sites.
  4. Keep the shared key permanently because encrypted payloads are already private.
  5. Enforce tunnel route filters and segmentation based on least-privilege access policies.

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

Correct control. Shared secrets create large compromise blast radius and weak site-level attribution.

C:

Correct verification. The specific evidence is: A peer revocation test removes one branch without affecting healthy sites.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed control fits another scenario: A cloud virtual private network has several workloads using overlapping CIDR blocks after a merger. It does not directly address this scenario's primary requirement.

D:

Encrypted tunnels still depend on secret custody, authentication and revocation.

E:

This concerns a later and different need: The branch must also control which internal subnets VPN users can reach. Encrypted connectivity does not itself authorize broad internal network reachability.

Question 376

A virtual networking team deploys VLANs for finance and operations but routes all traffic between them without access policy. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Treat separate VLAN tags as proof that interdepartmental traffic is blocked.
  2. Use identity-aware segmentation or updated policy abstraction independent of static IP.
  3. Separate access roles and use enterprise authentication with tightly scoped IoT and guest networks.
  4. Apply routed inter-VLAN ACLs or stateful segmentation aligned with approved business flows.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

VLAN separation provides broadcast isolation but not automatic authorization for routed traffic.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A router may freely forward between VLANs unless an access policy denies the flow. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

B:

This is appropriate for a later condition (Several workloads move between sites without preserving original IP addresses.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Workload mobility may require dynamically evaluated boundaries instead of brittle static VLAN ACLs.

C:

This response addresses a different condition: A wireless enterprise deploys one SSID with a shared passphrase for employees, visitors and industrial sensors. The present case requires the measure described by Apply routed inter-VLAN ACLs or stateful segmentation aligned with approved business flows.

Question 377

A virtual networking team deploys VLANs for finance and operations but routes all traffic between them without access policy. A designer proposes: Treat separate VLAN tags as proof that interdepartmental traffic is blocked. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. DNS caches and open connections may outlast record changes; state must be handled.
  2. Workload mobility may require dynamically evaluated boundaries instead of brittle static VLAN ACLs.
  3. DNS answers alone cannot guarantee timely application recovery or state continuity.
  4. A router may freely forward between VLANs unless an access policy denies the flow.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A router may freely forward between VLANs unless an access policy denies the flow. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is a limitation elsewhere: A network architect proposes relying only on DNS records for failover to a remote payment processor, with no application health checks. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

B:

This explains a later shift in requirements (Several workloads move between sites without preserving original IP addresses.), not the failure of the current proposal.

C:

This is an advantage of another design (Use verified health-aware failover and assess client caching, session state and recovery limitations.), not the particular flaw of Treat separate VLAN tags as proof that interdepartmental traffic is blocked.

Question 378

A virtual networking team deploys VLANs for finance and operations but routes all traffic between them without access policy. The organization has now implemented this response: Apply routed inter-VLAN ACLs or stateful segmentation aligned with approved business flows. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. A controlled path test reaches only intended services without leaking unrelated subnets.
  2. IPv6 negative scans and traffic logs show prohibited paths denied and approved applications reachable.
  3. An approved change ticket for Apply routed inter-VLAN ACLs or stateful segmentation aligned with approved business flows. without a completed verification result.
  4. Tests show forbidden finance access blocked while permitted shared services remain reachable.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Tests show forbidden finance access blocked while permitted shared services remain reachable. This validates that vLAN separation provides broadcast isolation but not automatic authorization for routed traffic.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A cloud virtual private network has several workloads using overlapping CIDR blocks after a merger.

B:

This other observation is relevant to: A public IPv6 application is reachable over unintended paths because firewall rules were copied only from IPv4 addresses.

C:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Tests show forbidden finance access blocked while permitted shared services remain reachable.

Question 379

A previous security situation was: A virtual networking team deploys VLANs for finance and operations but routes all traffic between them without access policy. Now the requirement changes: Several workloads move between sites without preserving original IP addresses. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Apply routed inter-VLAN ACLs or stateful segmentation aligned with approved business flows.
  2. Treat separate VLAN tags as proof that interdepartmental traffic is blocked.
  3. Tests show forbidden finance access blocked while permitted shared services remain reachable.
  4. Use identity-aware segmentation or updated policy abstraction independent of static IP.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Workload mobility may require dynamically evaluated boundaries instead of brittle static VLAN ACLs. The revised action is Use identity-aware segmentation or updated policy abstraction independent of static IP.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: VLAN separation provides broadcast isolation but not automatic authorization for routed traffic. It does not directly meet the new condition.

B:

This remains inappropriate: A router may freely forward between VLANs unless an access policy denies the flow.

C:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Tests show forbidden finance access blocked while permitted shared services remain reachable.

Question 380

An enterprise SD-WAN automatically selects cheap broadband routes but sensitive transactions cross untrusted links in plaintext. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Add application-aware path selection and tested QoS objectives for real-time flows.
  2. Use verified health-aware failover and assess client caching, session state and recovery limitations.
  3. Require encrypted authenticated overlays and verify underlay path policies for protected traffic.
  4. Assume the SD-WAN controller's topology view encrypts data automatically.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Dynamic route choice does not ensure payload confidentiality or endpoint identity. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is appropriate for a later condition (Leadership imposes strict latency targets for a new video conference use case.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Routing performance is a separate objective from secure overlay transport.

B:

This response addresses a different condition: A network architect proposes relying only on DNS records for failover to a remote payment processor, with no application health checks. The present case requires the measure described by Require encrypted authenticated overlays and verify underlay path policies for protected traffic.

D:

Central routing intelligence is not synonymous with cryptographic transport protection. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) Practice Tests