ISC CISSP Practice Test 41
Question 400
A corporation's DMZ web server has direct unrestricted access to the internal payroll database. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?
- Implement resilient topology controls and validate spanning-tree or loop-free design under failure.
- Place narrow application proxies and restricted flows across separate trust zones.
- Permit any DMZ destination to reach all payroll ports for future troubleshooting.
- Provide a separate purpose-scoped reporting API with access controls and logging.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:A breached public-facing host must not inherit arbitrary access to sensitive internal systems. This directly addresses the stated situation.
Incorrect Answers
A:This response addresses a different condition: A campus network has a loop prevention misconfiguration causing broadcast storms across critical switches. The present case requires the measure described by Place narrow application proxies and restricted flows across separate trust zones.
C:Unrestricted lateral traffic magnifies the impact of internet-facing compromise. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.
D:This is appropriate for a later condition (Payroll later adds a read-only reporting integration to an external auditor.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. An auditor's new data need requires scoped data release, not a general DMZ route.
Question 401
A corporation's DMZ web server has direct unrestricted access to the internal payroll database. A designer proposes: Permit any DMZ destination to reach all payroll ports for future troubleshooting. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?
- Passive detection alerts without necessarily stopping an attack path.
- Unrestricted lateral traffic magnifies the impact of internet-facing compromise.
- An IDS in detection mode does not enforce a drop decision.
- An auditor's new data need requires scoped data release, not a general DMZ route.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Unrestricted lateral traffic magnifies the impact of internet-facing compromise. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.
Incorrect Answers
A:This is an advantage of another design (Use inline prevention or segmentation enforcement where blocking is required and monitor false positives.), not the particular flaw of Permit any DMZ destination to reach all payroll ports for future troubleshooting.
C:This is a limitation elsewhere: A secure branch passes traffic through an IDS but does not prevent active lateral exploitation on a trusted subnet. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.
D:This explains a later shift in requirements (Payroll later adds a read-only reporting integration to an external auditor.), not the failure of the current proposal.
Question 402
A corporation's DMZ web server has direct unrestricted access to the internal payroll database. The organization has now implemented this response: Place narrow application proxies and restricted flows across separate trust zones. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?
- An approved change ticket for Place narrow application proxies and restricted flows across separate trust zones. without a completed verification result.
- A network rule review and active tests prove only approved application operations cross the boundary.
- Negative command tests from nonapproved hosts fail without affecting legitimate control traffic.
- Tests show guest and IoT clients cannot reach employee administration resources.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:A network rule review and active tests prove only approved application operations cross the boundary. This validates that a breached public-facing host must not inherit arbitrary access to sensitive internal systems.
Incorrect Answers
A:An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is A network rule review and active tests prove only approved application operations cross the boundary.
C:This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: An industrial wireless gateway forwards Modbus control traffic across a generic IP network without validating permitted command sources.
D:This other observation is relevant to: A wireless enterprise deploys one SSID with a shared passphrase for employees, visitors and industrial sensors.
Question 403
A previous security situation was: A corporation's DMZ web server has direct unrestricted access to the internal payroll database. Now the requirement changes: Payroll later adds a read-only reporting integration to an external auditor. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?
- A network rule review and active tests prove only approved application operations cross the boundary.
- Provide a separate purpose-scoped reporting API with access controls and logging.
- Place narrow application proxies and restricted flows across separate trust zones.
- Permit any DMZ destination to reach all payroll ports for future troubleshooting.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:An auditor's new data need requires scoped data release, not a general DMZ route. The revised action is Provide a separate purpose-scoped reporting API with access controls and logging.
Incorrect Answers
A:This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: A network rule review and active tests prove only approved application operations cross the boundary.
C:This is the appropriate response to the original situation: A breached public-facing host must not inherit arbitrary access to sensitive internal systems. It does not directly meet the new condition.
D:This remains inappropriate: Unrestricted lateral traffic magnifies the impact of internet-facing compromise.
Question 404
A datacenter deploys a load balancer without preserving correct client identity and TLS validation to backends. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?
- Design end-to-end authentication, header trust and TLS termination policy across the proxy boundary.
- Forward arbitrary user-supplied identity headers directly to privileged backend decisions.
- Use validated mutual TLS at the designated trust boundary and map client certificates to identities.
- Use inline prevention or segmentation enforcement where blocking is required and monitor false positives.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:A reverse proxy becomes a trust boundary and must not allow spoofed client assertions. This directly addresses the stated situation.
Incorrect Answers
B:Untrusted headers allow identity spoofing and privilege escalation. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.
C:This is appropriate for a later condition (The application must support certificate-based client authentication for administrators.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Administrative mTLS adds stronger client-origin assurance beyond ordinary proxy operation.
D:This response addresses a different condition: A secure branch passes traffic through an IDS but does not prevent active lateral exploitation on a trusted subnet. The present case requires the measure described by Design end-to-end authentication, header trust and TLS termination policy across the proxy boundary.
Question 405
A datacenter deploys a load balancer without preserving correct client identity and TLS validation to backends. The team must implement a defensible safeguard AND demonstrate that it works. Which TWO entries form that control-and-evidence pair? (Select TWO.)
- Use validated mutual TLS at the designated trust boundary and map client certificates to identities.
- Restrict gateway reachability to authorized controllers and monitor protocol-specific commands.
- Design end-to-end authentication, header trust and TLS termination policy across the proxy boundary.
- Negative tests prove identity claims are generated only by the trusted proxy and TLS paths are validated.
- Forward arbitrary user-supplied identity headers directly to privileged backend decisions.
Explanation
Correct Answers
C:Correct control. A reverse proxy becomes a trust boundary and must not allow spoofed client assertions.
D:Correct verification. The specific evidence is: Negative tests prove identity claims are generated only by the trusted proxy and TLS paths are validated.
Incorrect Answers
A:This concerns a later and different need: The application must support certificate-based client authentication for administrators. Administrative mTLS adds stronger client-origin assurance beyond ordinary proxy operation.
B:The proposed control fits another scenario: An industrial wireless gateway forwards Modbus control traffic across a generic IP network without validating permitted command sources. It does not directly address this scenario's primary requirement.
E:Untrusted headers allow identity spoofing and privilege escalation.
Question 406
A datacenter deploys a load balancer without preserving correct client identity and TLS validation to backends. The organization has now implemented this response: Design end-to-end authentication, header trust and TLS termination policy across the proxy boundary. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?
- Negative tests prove identity claims are generated only by the trusted proxy and TLS paths are validated.
- IPv6 negative scans and traffic logs show prohibited paths denied and approved applications reachable.
- Failure exercises measure actual client recovery and transaction integrity across endpoints.
- An approved change ticket for Design end-to-end authentication, header trust and TLS termination policy across the proxy boundary. without a completed verification result.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Negative tests prove identity claims are generated only by the trusted proxy and TLS paths are validated. This validates that a reverse proxy becomes a trust boundary and must not allow spoofed client assertions.
Incorrect Answers
B:This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A public IPv6 application is reachable over unintended paths because firewall rules were copied only from IPv4 addresses.
C:This other observation is relevant to: A network architect proposes relying only on DNS records for failover to a remote payment processor, with no application health checks.
D:An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Negative tests prove identity claims are generated only by the trusted proxy and TLS paths are validated.
Question 407
A previous security situation was: A datacenter deploys a load balancer without preserving correct client identity and TLS validation to backends. Now the requirement changes: The application must support certificate-based client authentication for administrators. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?
- Use validated mutual TLS at the designated trust boundary and map client certificates to identities.
- Design end-to-end authentication, header trust and TLS termination policy across the proxy boundary.
- Forward arbitrary user-supplied identity headers directly to privileged backend decisions.
- Negative tests prove identity claims are generated only by the trusted proxy and TLS paths are validated.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Administrative mTLS adds stronger client-origin assurance beyond ordinary proxy operation. The revised action is Use validated mutual TLS at the designated trust boundary and map client certificates to identities.
Incorrect Answers
B:This is the appropriate response to the original situation: A reverse proxy becomes a trust boundary and must not allow spoofed client assertions. It does not directly meet the new condition.
C:This remains inappropriate: Untrusted headers allow identity spoofing and privilege escalation.
D:This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Negative tests prove identity claims are generated only by the trusted proxy and TLS paths are validated.
Question 408
A campus network has a loop prevention misconfiguration causing broadcast storms across critical switches. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?
- Disable loop prevention globally to maximize forwarding speed.
- Design dynamic routing and convergence controls appropriate to the new Layer 3 architecture.
- Restrict gateway reachability to authorized controllers and monitor protocol-specific commands.
- Implement resilient topology controls and validate spanning-tree or loop-free design under failure.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Layer 2 loop protection preserves network availability during cabling mistakes or device changes.
Incorrect Answers
A:Layer 2 loops can amplify traffic until applications fail. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.
B:This is appropriate for a later condition (The organization migrates inter-building transport to an IP routed fabric.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Routed fabrics change the fault and topology control problem relative to bridging loops.
C:This response addresses a different condition: An industrial wireless gateway forwards Modbus control traffic across a generic IP network without validating permitted command sources. The present case requires the measure described by Implement resilient topology controls and validate spanning-tree or loop-free design under failure.
Question 409
A campus network has a loop prevention misconfiguration causing broadcast storms across critical switches. A designer proposes: Disable loop prevention globally to maximize forwarding speed. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?
- IPv6 can bypass controls applied only to IPv4 address families.
- Routed fabrics change the fault and topology control problem relative to bridging loops.
- Dual-stack deployments require independent IPv6 policy coverage.
- Layer 2 loops can amplify traffic until applications fail.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:Layer 2 loops can amplify traffic until applications fail. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.
Incorrect Answers
A:This is a limitation elsewhere: A public IPv6 application is reachable over unintended paths because firewall rules were copied only from IPv4 addresses. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.
B:This explains a later shift in requirements (The organization migrates inter-building transport to an IP routed fabric.), not the failure of the current proposal.
C:This is an advantage of another design (Create explicit IPv6 filtering and routing policy with equivalent least-privilege verification.), not the particular flaw of Disable loop prevention globally to maximize forwarding speed.
Question 410
A campus network has a loop prevention misconfiguration causing broadcast storms across critical switches. The organization has now implemented this response: Implement resilient topology controls and validate spanning-tree or loop-free design under failure. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?
- Packet capture shows encrypted management sessions and rejected unauthorized source segments.
- A controlled path test reaches only intended services without leaking unrelated subnets.
- An approved change ticket for Implement resilient topology controls and validate spanning-tree or loop-free design under failure. without a completed verification result.
- A failover and mispatch exercise shows controlled convergence without flooding.
Explanation
Correct Answer
D:A failover and mispatch exercise shows controlled convergence without flooding. This validates that layer 2 loop protection preserves network availability during cabling mistakes or device changes.
Incorrect Answers
A:This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A company uses unencrypted administrative Telnet across a shared campus network to operate core routers.
B:This other observation is relevant to: A cloud virtual private network has several workloads using overlapping CIDR blocks after a merger.
C:An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is A failover and mispatch exercise shows controlled convergence without flooding.