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Cisco 350-501 Practice Test 21

Question 200

For an original SPCOR service-provider engineering scenario, consider: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability. Select THREE compatible elements: a proper correction, a targeted diagnostic and an acceptance result.

  1. Result: Clients receive intended routes without reflection loops and installed paths resolve to reachable transport next hops.
  2. Check: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB.
  3. Check: Compare area LSDB LSA types, ABR summaries, default injection and actual endpoint reachability for inside and outside addresses.
  4. Result: Stable OSPFv3 adjacencies advertise the intended IPv6 prefixes with reachable next hops.
  5. Change: Apply documented BGP community or extended-community policies at the intended import or export point and verify resulting attribute propagation.
  6. Change: Deploy route reflection with deliberate client and cluster design and preserve IGP reachability to advertised BGP next hops.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Evidence: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB. Applied case: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability.

B:

Acceptance: Clients receive intended routes without reflection loops and installed paths resolve to reachable transport next hops.

F:

Evidence: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB. Acceptance: Clients receive intended routes without reflection loops and installed paths resolve to reachable transport next hops.

Incorrect Answers

C:

Check: Compare area LSDB LSA types, ABR summaries, default injection and actual endpoint reachability for inside and outside addresses. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

D:

Result: Stable OSPFv3 adjacencies advertise the intended IPv6 prefixes with reachable next hops. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

E:

This option addresses a different service provider engineering topic (BGP route-policy communities and provider preference) rather than the documented iBGP route reflector cluster and next-hop reachability decision.

Question 201

A service provider network engineer is reviewing this backbone or customer-service scenario: A VPN core receives a reflected BGP path but the client router cannot reach the original BGP next hop, leaving a selected route unusable. A proposed shortcut is: Assume any selected reflected BGP path will forward packets even when its NEXT_HOP is unresolved. What should the service provider engineer recommend as the narrowly scoped correction? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Deploy route reflection with deliberate client and cluster design and preserve IGP reachability to advertised BGP next hops.
  2. Assume any selected reflected BGP path will forward packets even when its NEXT_HOP is unresolved.
  3. Coordinate BFD with supported routing clients and realistic detect-multiplier and interval settings for stable rapid failure detection.
  4. Choose correct OSPF area behavior and summarization boundaries, confirming permitted external and interarea route propagation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Validate the premise using: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB. Applied case: A VPN core receives a reflected BGP path but the client router cannot reach the original BGP next hop, leaving a selected route unusable.

Incorrect Answers

B:

That option would assume any selected reflected BGP path will forward packets even when its NEXT_HOP is unresolved, but it addresses a different concern. Validate the premise using: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB. Applied case: A VPN core receives a reflected BGP path but the client router cannot reach the original BGP next hop, leaving a selected route unusable.

C:

Coordinate BFD with supported routing clients and realistic detect-multiplier and interval settings for stable rapid failure detection. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

D:

Choose correct OSPF area behavior and summarization boundaries, confirming permitted external and interarea route propagation. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

Question 202

A Cisco service provider design review finds: A VPN core receives a reflected BGP path but the client router cannot reach the original BGP next hop, leaving a selected route unusable. The team proposes: Deploy route reflection with deliberate client and cluster design and preserve IGP reachability to advertised BGP next hops. Which engineering principle most strongly supports the recommended response? Select ONE best answer.

  1. BFD detects data-path forwarding failure independently of slower routing hellos but extreme timer settings can create false failures.
  2. iBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.
  3. BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions.
  4. Redistribution changes protocol scope and metrics; uncontrolled mutual redistribution can create loops and excessive IGP state.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Relevant validation before approval: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB. Applied case: A VPN core receives a reflected BGP path but the client router cannot reach the original BGP next hop, leaving a selected route unusable.

Incorrect Answers

A:

BFD detects data-path forwarding failure independently of slower routing hellos but extreme timer settings can create false failures. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

C:

This option addresses a different service provider engineering topic (eBGP IPv4 IPv6 peer and multihop session design) rather than the documented iBGP route reflector cluster and next-hop reachability decision.

D:

Redistribution changes protocol scope and metrics; uncontrolled mutual redistribution can create loops and excessive IGP state. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

Question 203

The service provider operations team has not yet approved a change. Current evidence indicates: A VPN core receives a reflected BGP path but the client router cannot reach the original BGP next hop, leaving a selected route unusable. Which evidence best tests the technical diagnosis before approving a disruptive change? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Review link metric TLVs, enabled metric style, SPF database and before-after path selection for two candidate routes.
  2. Examine NET values, level adjacency state, LSP originator IDs and intended area boundaries on a two-area diagram.
  3. Examine advertised route attributes per peer, remote looking-glass paths and measured ingress flows before and after the change.
  4. Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Confirm afterward that: Clients receive intended routes without reflection loops and installed paths resolve to reachable transport next hops. Applied case: A VPN core receives a reflected BGP path but the client router cannot reach the original BGP next hop, leaving a selected route unusable.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Review link metric TLVs, enabled metric style, SPF database and before-after path selection for two candidate routes. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

B:

This option addresses a different service provider engineering topic (IS-IS NET area and Level-2 backbone design) rather than the documented iBGP route reflector cluster and next-hop reachability decision.

C:

Examine advertised route attributes per peer, remote looking-glass paths and measured ingress flows before and after the change. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

Question 204

A candidate correction has been tested and the platform team requires a post-change acceptance check. Original problem: A VPN core receives a reflected BGP path but the client router cannot reach the original BGP next hop, leaving a selected route unusable. The carrier operations owner needs positive and negative tests showing existing customer services remain available. Which acceptance result demonstrates correct service provider forwarding and control behavior without disrupting authorized workflows? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Failure recovery stays within service limits and no stale unvalidated forwarding state persists beyond documented timers.
  2. Clients receive intended routes without reflection loops and installed paths resolve to reachable transport next hops.
  3. Steering influences targeted peers as expected while reachability is preserved when remote policy ignores the hint.
  4. Selected paths follow intended costs and the backup route takes over safely after a neighbor or link failure.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The approved implementation step was: Deploy route reflection with deliberate client and cluster design and preserve IGP reachability to advertised BGP next hops. Applied case: A VPN core receives a reflected BGP path but the client router cannot reach the original BGP next hop, leaving a selected route unusable.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Failure recovery stays within service limits and no stale unvalidated forwarding state persists beyond documented timers. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

C:

Steering influences targeted peers as expected while reachability is preserved when remote policy ignores the hint. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

D:

Selected paths follow intended costs and the backup route takes over safely after a neighbor or link failure. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

Question 205

An implementation sign-off request identifies the following problem: A VPN core receives a reflected BGP path but the client router cannot reach the original BGP next hop, leaving a selected route unusable. Which paired technical change and validation should close the implementation review? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Change: Verify OSPFv3 interface activation, matching area and instance settings and IPv6 address-family route advertisement before expecting end-to-end forwarding. Verify: Inspect IPv6 link-local neighbors, interface instance and area data, OSPFv3 LSDB and installed IPv6 routes.
  2. Change: Configure high availability features with supported peer behavior and validate which control and forwarding states are preserved during process or RP failure. Verify: Measure neighbor resets, stale route retention, forwarding counters and route processing after a planned RP switchover.
  3. Change: Apply supported consistent metric style and tune link costs to the provider's intended shortest-path and capacity policy. Verify: Review link metric TLVs, enabled metric style, SPF database and before-after path selection for two candidate routes.
  4. Change: Deploy route reflection with deliberate client and cluster design and preserve IGP reachability to advertised BGP next hops. Verify: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The change is successful only when: Clients receive intended routes without reflection loops and installed paths resolve to reachable transport next hops.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Change: Verify OSPFv3 interface activation, matching area and instance settings and IPv6 address-family route advertisement before expecting end-to-end forwarding. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

B:

Change: Configure high availability features with supported peer behavior and validate which control and forwarding states are preserved during process or RP failure. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

C:

Change: Apply supported consistent metric style and tune link costs to the provider's intended shortest-path and capacity policy. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

Question 206

A service provider network engineer is reviewing this backbone or customer-service scenario: Two transit paths carry the same prefix and the operator wants all egress to prefer one upstream but modifies MED on an unrelated inbound route. A proposed shortcut is: Assume shortest AS_PATH always wins regardless of higher-priority local preference or invalid route candidates. What should the service provider engineer recommend as the narrowly scoped correction? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Enable compatible path diversity or BGP PIC mechanisms where supported and verify backup data-plane programming before a failure.
  2. Assume shortest AS_PATH always wins regardless of higher-priority local preference or invalid route candidates.
  3. Evaluate the ordered BGP decision process and set the intended local policy attribute at the correct AS boundary.
  4. Use the platform's supported policy language, explicit prefix sets and match sequencing to permit only intended routes and apply actions at the correct direction.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This targeted action addresses the observed service-provider control or forwarding gap without discarding necessary controls. Applied case: Two transit paths carry the same prefix and the operator wants all egress to prefer one upstream but modifies MED on an unrelated inbound route.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This option addresses a different service provider engineering topic (BGP Additional Paths PIC and fast failover) rather than the documented BGP path selection weight local preference and AS path decision.

B:

BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context. For this best change assessment, the shortcut changes or bypasses the necessary routing, service or operational boundary rather than correcting it.

D:

Use the platform's supported policy language, explicit prefix sets and match sequencing to permit only intended routes and apply actions at the correct direction. BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context.

Question 207

A Cisco service provider design review finds: Two transit paths carry the same prefix and the operator wants all egress to prefer one upstream but modifies MED on an unrelated inbound route. The team proposes: Evaluate the ordered BGP decision process and set the intended local policy attribute at the correct AS boundary. Which engineering principle most strongly supports the recommended response? Select ONE best answer.

  1. BGP communities carry policy tags whose meaning depends on configured policy; local preference influences internal outbound selection but is not a universal external traffic-engineering instruction.
  2. BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context.
  3. IS-IS SPF selects routes using cumulative link metrics; wide metric support and consistent advertisements matter in modern core designs.
  4. OSPF SPF evaluates cumulative link costs, including configured interface cost and supported reference-bandwidth scaling, not geographic distance.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Demonstrable success requires: The preferred transit path wins for documented policy reasons without unexpected route filtering or next-hop failure. Applied case: Two transit paths carry the same prefix and the operator wants all egress to prefer one upstream but modifies MED on an unrelated inbound route.

Incorrect Answers

A:

BGP communities carry policy tags whose meaning depends on configured policy; local preference influences internal outbound selection but is not a universal external traffic-engineering instruction. BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context.

C:

IS-IS SPF selects routes using cumulative link metrics; wide metric support and consistent advertisements matter in modern core designs. BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context.

D:

OSPF SPF evaluates cumulative link costs, including configured interface cost and supported reference-bandwidth scaling, not geographic distance. BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context.

Question 208

The service provider operations team has not yet approved a change. Current evidence indicates: Two transit paths carry the same prefix and the operator wants all egress to prefer one upstream but modifies MED on an unrelated inbound route. Which evidence best tests the technical diagnosis before approving a disruptive change? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Inspect IPv6 link-local neighbors, interface instance and area data, OSPFv3 LSDB and installed IPv6 routes.
  2. Inspect member actor and partner state, bundle hashing, counters and traffic distribution under several representative flows.
  3. Compare valid path candidates and detailed BGP attributes under a test prefix, then trace which decision criterion breaks the tie.
  4. Compare BFD session state, negotiated intervals, packet drops and routing convergence after controlled loss and benign congestion tests.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Confirm afterward that: The preferred transit path wins for documented policy reasons without unexpected route filtering or next-hop failure. Applied case: Two transit paths carry the same prefix and the operator wants all egress to prefer one upstream but modifies MED on an unrelated inbound route.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Inspect IPv6 link-local neighbors, interface instance and area data, OSPFv3 LSDB and installed IPv6 routes. BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context.

B:

Inspect member actor and partner state, bundle hashing, counters and traffic distribution under several representative flows. BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context.

D:

This option addresses a different service provider engineering topic (BFD rapid fault detection and link stability) rather than the documented BGP path selection weight local preference and AS path decision.

Question 209

A candidate correction has been tested and the platform team requires a post-change acceptance check. Original problem: Two transit paths carry the same prefix and the operator wants all egress to prefer one upstream but modifies MED on an unrelated inbound route. The carrier operations owner needs positive and negative tests showing existing customer services remain available. Which acceptance result demonstrates correct service provider forwarding and control behavior without disrupting authorized workflows? Select ONE best answer.

  1. The preferred transit path wins for documented policy reasons without unexpected route filtering or next-hop failure.
  2. Failure recovery stays within service limits and no stale unvalidated forwarding state persists beyond documented timers.
  3. Only policy-matched routes change forwarding or advertisement behavior and customer communities have their documented effect.
  4. Accepted members forward correctly, aggregate capacity reflects active links and service survives an individual member failure.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context. Applied case: Two transit paths carry the same prefix and the operator wants all egress to prefer one upstream but modifies MED on an unrelated inbound route.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Failure recovery stays within service limits and no stale unvalidated forwarding state persists beyond documented timers. BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context.

C:

Only policy-matched routes change forwarding or advertisement behavior and customer communities have their documented effect. BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context.

D:

Accepted members forward correctly, aggregate capacity reflects active links and service survives an individual member failure. BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context.

Question 210

For an original SPCOR service-provider engineering scenario, consider: Two transit paths carry the same prefix and the operator wants all egress to prefer one upstream but modifies MED on an unrelated inbound route. Select TWO complementary steps: the targeted correction and its strongest prechange validation.

  1. Change: Troubleshoot OSPF network type, area, neighbor timers, authentication and database-exchange parameters before modifying routing advertisements.
  2. Check: Compare valid path candidates and detailed BGP attributes under a test prefix, then trace which decision criterion breaks the tie.
  3. Change: Evaluate the ordered BGP decision process and set the intended local policy attribute at the correct AS boundary.
  4. Check: Check received and advertised BGP attributes, applied route policy, peer documentation and resulting best path for a controlled test prefix.
  5. Assume shortest AS_PATH always wins regardless of higher-priority local preference or invalid route candidates.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Acceptance: The preferred transit path wins for documented policy reasons without unexpected route filtering or next-hop failure. Applied case: Two transit paths carry the same prefix and the operator wants all egress to prefer one upstream but modifies MED on an unrelated inbound route.

C:

Acceptance: The preferred transit path wins for documented policy reasons without unexpected route filtering or next-hop failure. BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Change: Troubleshoot OSPF network type, area, neighbor timers, authentication and database-exchange parameters before modifying routing advertisements. BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context.

D:

Check: Check received and advertised BGP attributes, applied route policy, peer documentation and resulting best path for a controlled test prefix. BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context.

E:

BGP best-path selection considers local policy such as weight and local preference before several later tie breakers, including path length and MED context. Use this instead: Evaluate the ordered BGP decision process and set the intended local policy attribute at the correct AS boundary.

Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) (350-501) Practice Tests