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Cisco 350-501 Practice Test 20

Question 190

For an original SPCOR service-provider engineering scenario, consider: A provider establishes an external BGP session with the wrong remote autonomous-system number and sees repeated OPEN errors. Select TWO complementary steps: the targeted correction and its strongest prechange validation.

  1. Change: Evaluate the ordered BGP decision process and set the intended local policy attribute at the correct AS boundary.
  2. Check: Inspect BGP neighbor transport state, local and remote AS, update source, TCP reachability and IPv4 or IPv6 address-family activation.
  3. Check: Evaluate a test table with allowed, denied and boundary prefixes against actual show-policy and BGP advertised-routes evidence.
  4. Force two unrelated routers to use arbitrary AS values and expect transport connectivity alone to bypass BGP OPEN validation.
  5. Change: Align peer AS, transport source, addressing, family activation and supported eBGP hop reachability for the actual topology.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions. Acceptance: Intended EBGP adjacencies establish securely and exchange only approved prefixes in the selected address family.

E:

BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions. Evidence: Inspect BGP neighbor transport state, local and remote AS, update source, TCP reachability and IPv4 or IPv6 address-family activation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Change: Evaluate the ordered BGP decision process and set the intended local policy attribute at the correct AS boundary. BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions.

C:

Check: Evaluate a test table with allowed, denied and boundary prefixes against actual show-policy and BGP advertised-routes evidence. BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions.

D:

For this select two assessment, the shortcut changes or bypasses the necessary routing, service or operational boundary rather than correcting it. BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions.

Question 191

A service provider network engineer is reviewing this backbone or customer-service scenario: A loopback-to-loopback eBGP design spans multiple routed hops but the operator leaves single-hop expectations and no reachable update source. A proposed shortcut is: Force two unrelated routers to use arbitrary AS values and expect transport connectivity alone to bypass BGP OPEN validation. What should the service provider engineer recommend as the narrowly scoped correction? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Force two unrelated routers to use arbitrary AS values and expect transport connectivity alone to bypass BGP OPEN validation.
  2. Choose the appropriate IPv6 transition and address-sharing model for subscriber connectivity, and test mapping state and application behavior end to end.
  3. Align peer AS, transport source, addressing, family activation and supported eBGP hop reachability for the actual topology.
  4. Troubleshoot OSPF network type, area, neighbor timers, authentication and database-exchange parameters before modifying routing advertisements.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This targeted action addresses the observed service-provider control or forwarding gap without discarding necessary controls. Applied case: A loopback-to-loopback eBGP design spans multiple routed hops but the operator leaves single-hop expectations and no reachable update source.

Incorrect Answers

A:

BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions. Applied case: A loopback-to-loopback eBGP design spans multiple routed hops but the operator leaves single-hop expectations and no reachable update source.

B:

Choose the appropriate IPv6 transition and address-sharing model for subscriber connectivity, and test mapping state and application behavior end to end. BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions.

D:

Troubleshoot OSPF network type, area, neighbor timers, authentication and database-exchange parameters before modifying routing advertisements. BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions.

Question 192

A Cisco service provider design review finds: A loopback-to-loopback eBGP design spans multiple routed hops but the operator leaves single-hop expectations and no reachable update source. The team proposes: Align peer AS, transport source, addressing, family activation and supported eBGP hop reachability for the actual topology. Which engineering principle most strongly supports the recommended response? Select ONE best answer.

  1. BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions.
  2. Redistribution changes protocol scope and metrics; uncontrolled mutual redistribution can create loops and excessive IGP state.
  3. BFD detects data-path forwarding failure independently of slower routing hellos but extreme timer settings can create false failures.
  4. MED influences comparisons under specific BGP decision contexts, and AS_PATH prepending is advisory because remote networks may apply their own preferences.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Demonstrable success requires: Intended EBGP adjacencies establish securely and exchange only approved prefixes in the selected address family. Applied case: A loopback-to-loopback eBGP design spans multiple routed hops but the operator leaves single-hop expectations and no reachable update source.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Redistribution changes protocol scope and metrics; uncontrolled mutual redistribution can create loops and excessive IGP state. BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions.

C:

BFD detects data-path forwarding failure independently of slower routing hellos but extreme timer settings can create false failures. A loopback-to-loopback eBGP design spans multiple routed hops but the operator leaves single-hop expectations and no reachable update source.

D:

This option addresses a different service provider engineering topic (BGP MED AS_PATH prepending and ingress steering) rather than the documented eBGP IPv4 IPv6 peer and multihop session design decision.

Question 193

The service provider operations team has not yet approved a change. Current evidence indicates: A loopback-to-loopback eBGP design spans multiple routed hops but the operator leaves single-hop expectations and no reachable update source. Which evidence best tests the technical diagnosis before approving a disruptive change? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Inspect BGP neighbor transport state, local and remote AS, update source, TCP reachability and IPv4 or IPv6 address-family activation.
  2. Compare BFD session state, negotiated intervals, packet drops and routing convergence after controlled loss and benign congestion tests.
  3. Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB.
  4. Inspect IS-IS neighbor state, hello capture, interface MTU and level configuration at both endpoints.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions. Confirm afterward that: Intended EBGP adjacencies establish securely and exchange only approved prefixes in the selected address family.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Compare BFD session state, negotiated intervals, packet drops and routing convergence after controlled loss and benign congestion tests. A loopback-to-loopback eBGP design spans multiple routed hops but the operator leaves single-hop expectations and no reachable update source.

C:

Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB. A loopback-to-loopback eBGP design spans multiple routed hops but the operator leaves single-hop expectations and no reachable update source.

D:

Inspect IS-IS neighbor state, hello capture, interface MTU and level configuration at both endpoints. BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions.

Question 194

A candidate correction has been tested and the platform team requires a post-change acceptance check. Original problem: A loopback-to-loopback eBGP design spans multiple routed hops but the operator leaves single-hop expectations and no reachable update source. The carrier operations owner needs positive and negative tests showing existing customer services remain available. Which acceptance result demonstrates correct service provider forwarding and control behavior without disrupting authorized workflows? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Each intended adjacency reaches its required state and route advertisements are scoped correctly without unnecessary global routing changes.
  2. Failure recovery stays within service limits and no stale unvalidated forwarding state persists beyond documented timers.
  3. The intended Level-1 or Level-2 adjacency forms and the routers exchange consistent link-state information without dropping required hello traffic.
  4. Intended EBGP adjacencies establish securely and exchange only approved prefixes in the selected address family.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions. The approved implementation step was: Align peer AS, transport source, addressing, family activation and supported eBGP hop reachability for the actual topology.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Each intended adjacency reaches its required state and route advertisements are scoped correctly without unnecessary global routing changes. A loopback-to-loopback eBGP design spans multiple routed hops but the operator leaves single-hop expectations and no reachable update source.

B:

Failure recovery stays within service limits and no stale unvalidated forwarding state persists beyond documented timers. BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions.

C:

The intended Level-1 or Level-2 adjacency forms and the routers exchange consistent link-state information without dropping required hello traffic. BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions.

Question 195

An implementation sign-off request identifies the following problem: A loopback-to-loopback eBGP design spans multiple routed hops but the operator leaves single-hop expectations and no reachable update source. Which paired technical change and validation should close the implementation review? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Change: Choose the appropriate IPv6 transition and address-sharing model for subscriber connectivity, and test mapping state and application behavior end to end. Verify: Trace a known client flow through DNS resolution, IPv4 or IPv6 encapsulation, translator bindings and return path with packet captures.
  2. Change: Match IS-IS level operation and interface parameters before expecting LSP exchange and route installation across a service provider core link. Verify: Inspect IS-IS neighbor state, hello capture, interface MTU and level configuration at both endpoints.
  3. Change: Troubleshoot OSPF network type, area, neighbor timers, authentication and database-exchange parameters before modifying routing advertisements. Verify: Check neighbor state transitions, interface MTU, hello and dead intervals, area type and network type on both peers.
  4. Change: Align peer AS, transport source, addressing, family activation and supported eBGP hop reachability for the actual topology. Verify: Inspect BGP neighbor transport state, local and remote AS, update source, TCP reachability and IPv4 or IPv6 address-family activation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions. The change is successful only when: Intended EBGP adjacencies establish securely and exchange only approved prefixes in the selected address family.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Change: Choose the appropriate IPv6 transition and address-sharing model for subscriber connectivity, and test mapping state and application behavior end to end.

B:

Change: Match IS-IS level operation and interface parameters before expecting LSP exchange and route installation across a service provider core link. BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions.

C:

Change: Troubleshoot OSPF network type, area, neighbor timers, authentication and database-exchange parameters before modifying routing advertisements. BGP TCP sessions depend on correct peer identity and routed transport; external versus internal peer behavior changes next-hop and forwarding assumptions.

Question 196

A service provider network engineer is reviewing this backbone or customer-service scenario: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability. A proposed shortcut is: Assume any selected reflected BGP path will forward packets even when its NEXT_HOP is unresolved. What should the service provider engineer recommend as the narrowly scoped correction? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Deploy route reflection with deliberate client and cluster design and preserve IGP reachability to advertised BGP next hops.
  2. Apply supported consistent metric style and tune link costs to the provider's intended shortest-path and capacity policy.
  3. Tune consistent OSPF cost or reference-bandwidth settings and validate reconvergence under controlled link failures.
  4. Assume any selected reflected BGP path will forward packets even when its NEXT_HOP is unresolved.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Validate the premise using: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB. Applied case: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Apply supported consistent metric style and tune link costs to the provider's intended shortest-path and capacity policy. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

C:

Tune consistent OSPF cost or reference-bandwidth settings and validate reconvergence under controlled link failures. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

D:

That option would assume any selected reflected BGP path will forward packets even when its NEXT_HOP is unresolved, but it addresses a different concern. Validate the premise using: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB. Assume any selected reflected BGP path will forward packets even when its NEXT_HOP is unresolved.

Question 197

A Cisco service provider design review finds: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability. The team proposes: Deploy route reflection with deliberate client and cluster design and preserve IGP reachability to advertised BGP next hops. Which engineering principle most strongly supports the recommended response? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Single topology shares reachability assumptions across enabled families, while multi-topology can maintain distinct IPv4 and IPv6 topology information.
  2. NAT64 translates between IPv6 and IPv4 with suitable discovery, while DS-Lite tunnels subscriber IPv4 over IPv6 to a shared CGN function; MAP-T uses different translation rules.
  3. iBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.
  4. Graceful restart can retain forwarding with peer help during control recovery, while NSR replicates live session state on supported dual-control-plane systems.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Relevant validation before approval: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB. Applied case: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Single topology shares reachability assumptions across enabled families, while multi-topology can maintain distinct IPv4 and IPv6 topology information. This option addresses a different service provider engineering topic (IS-IS IPv4 IPv6 single and multitopology) rather than the documented iBGP route reflector cluster and next-hop reachability decision. The case-specific mechanism is: iBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required. The relevant action is: Deploy route reflection with deliberate client and cluster design and preserve IGP reachability to advertised BGP next hops. Discriminating evidence: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB. Applied case: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability.

B:

This option addresses a different service provider engineering topic (NAT64 CGNAT MAP-T DS-Lite and transition selection) rather than the documented iBGP route reflector cluster and next-hop reachability decision.

D:

Graceful restart can retain forwarding with peer help during control recovery, while NSR replicates live session state on supported dual-control-plane systems. This option addresses a different service provider engineering topic (Graceful restart NSR and maintenance continuity) rather than the documented iBGP route reflector cluster and next-hop reachability decision. The case-specific mechanism is: iBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required. The relevant action is: Deploy route reflection with deliberate client and cluster design and preserve IGP reachability to advertised BGP next hops. Discriminating evidence: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB. Applied case: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability.

Question 198

The service provider operations team has not yet approved a change. Current evidence indicates: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability. Which evidence best tests the technical diagnosis before approving a disruptive change? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB.
  2. Measure neighbor resets, stale route retention, forwarding counters and route processing after a planned RP switchover.
  3. Inspect member actor and partner state, bundle hashing, counters and traffic distribution under several representative flows.
  4. Compare valid path candidates and detailed BGP attributes under a test prefix, then trace which decision criterion breaks the tie.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Confirm afterward that: Clients receive intended routes without reflection loops and installed paths resolve to reachable transport next hops. Applied case: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Measure neighbor resets, stale route retention, forwarding counters and route processing after a planned RP switchover. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

C:

Inspect member actor and partner state, bundle hashing, counters and traffic distribution under several representative flows. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

D:

This option addresses a different service provider engineering topic (BGP path selection weight local preference and AS path) rather than the documented iBGP route reflector cluster and next-hop reachability decision.

Question 199

A candidate correction has been tested and the platform team requires a post-change acceptance check. Original problem: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability. The carrier operations owner needs positive and negative tests showing existing customer services remain available. Which acceptance result demonstrates correct service provider forwarding and control behavior without disrupting authorized workflows? Select ONE best answer.

  1. Accepted members forward correctly, aggregate capacity reflects active links and service survives an individual member failure.
  2. Expected neighbors reach the appropriate full adjacency state and exchange synchronized LSDB information without hidden MTU mismatches.
  3. Clients receive intended routes without reflection loops and installed paths resolve to reachable transport next hops.
  4. Stub or normal areas receive only intended advertisements and no unreachable discontiguous summary is treated as valid service connectivity.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The approved implementation step was: Deploy route reflection with deliberate client and cluster design and preserve IGP reachability to advertised BGP next hops. Applied case: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Accepted members forward correctly, aggregate capacity reflects active links and service survives an individual member failure. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

B:

This option addresses a different service provider engineering topic (OSPFv2 neighbor state and MTU mismatch) rather than the documented iBGP route reflector cluster and next-hop reachability decision.

D:

Stub or normal areas receive only intended advertisements and no unreachable discontiguous summary is treated as valid service connectivity. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

Question 200

For an original SPCOR service-provider engineering scenario, consider: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability. Select THREE compatible elements: a proper correction, a targeted diagnostic and an acceptance result.

  1. Result: Clients receive intended routes without reflection loops and installed paths resolve to reachable transport next hops.
  2. Check: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB.
  3. Check: Compare area LSDB LSA types, ABR summaries, default injection and actual endpoint reachability for inside and outside addresses.
  4. Result: Stable OSPFv3 adjacencies advertise the intended IPv6 prefixes with reachable next hops.
  5. Change: Apply documented BGP community or extended-community policies at the intended import or export point and verify resulting attribute propagation.
  6. Change: Deploy route reflection with deliberate client and cluster design and preserve IGP reachability to advertised BGP next hops.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Evidence: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB. Applied case: An iBGP full-mesh requirement becomes unmanageable and a team installs a route reflector but does not configure clients or review next-hop reachability.

B:

Acceptance: Clients receive intended routes without reflection loops and installed paths resolve to reachable transport next hops.

F:

Evidence: Check route-reflector client relationships, originator and cluster attributes, BGP next-hop resolution and the RIB versus FIB. Acceptance: Clients receive intended routes without reflection loops and installed paths resolve to reachable transport next hops.

Incorrect Answers

C:

Check: Compare area LSDB LSA types, ABR summaries, default injection and actual endpoint reachability for inside and outside addresses. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

D:

Result: Stable OSPFv3 adjacencies advertise the intended IPv6 prefixes with reachable next hops. IBGP does not ordinarily re-advertise routes learned from one iBGP peer to another without route reflection or confederations; next-hop validation remains required.

E:

This option addresses a different service provider engineering topic (BGP route-policy communities and provider preference) rather than the documented iBGP route reflector cluster and next-hop reachability decision.

Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) (350-501) Practice Tests