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Microsoft AZ-400 Practice Test 91

Question 900

A Microsoft DevOps team is addressing: A cost-reduction retention rule deletes the last known-good container image before the rollback period ends. Which TWO complementary actions should be taken? Select TWO answers.

  1. Inspect agent image announcement, demands, SDK versions and task compatibility.
  2. Use dependency-aware cache keys and safe restore fallback behavior.
  3. Inspect release references, retention rules, ACR manifests and recovery requirements.
  4. Implement safe workspace cleanup and monitored cache eviction consistent with rollback needs.
  5. Protect recent deployed digests and remove only eligible unreferenced artifacts.

Explanation

Correct Answers

C:

Inspect release references, retention rules, ACR manifests and recovery requirements. This supplies the diagnosis/evidence needed for the scenario. Its complementary step is: Protect recent deployed digests and remove only eligible unreferenced artifacts. Together they address: Artifact retention needs business-approved rollback and forensic windows.

E:

Protect recent deployed digests and remove only eligible unreferenced artifacts. This supplies the controlled implementation needed for the scenario. Its complementary step is: Inspect release references, retention rules, ACR manifests and recovery requirements. Together they address: Artifact retention needs business-approved rollback and forensic windows.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Inspect agent image announcement, demands, SDK versions and task compatibility. This concerns a different DevOps situation: Builds fail after an Azure Pipelines hosted image update because a legacy runtime was implicitly available before. This case instead requires both a targeted investigation (Inspect release references, retention rules, ACR manifests and recovery requirements.) and a controlled change (Protect recent deployed digests and remove only eligible unreferenced artifacts.).

B:

Use dependency-aware cache keys and safe restore fallback behavior. This concerns a different DevOps situation: A pipeline caches packages under one global key even after lockfile changes, causing inconsistent builds. This case instead requires both a targeted investigation (Inspect release references, retention rules, ACR manifests and recovery requirements.) and a controlled change (Protect recent deployed digests and remove only eligible unreferenced artifacts.).

D:

Implement safe workspace cleanup and monitored cache eviction consistent with rollback needs. This concerns a different DevOps situation: A self-hosted agent fails after months because workspace and Docker layer caches exhaust disk space. This case instead requires both a targeted investigation (Inspect release references, retention rules, ACR manifests and recovery requirements.) and a controlled change (Protect recent deployed digests and remove only eligible unreferenced artifacts.).

Question 901

Before changing the pipeline or service, engineers find: A release build uses a mutable tag name that engineers can retarget to a different unreviewed commit. Which evidence should the engineer inspect FIRST?

  1. Inspect LFS usage, pointer resolution, CI checkout settings and quota alerts.
  2. Inspect superproject gitlinks, submodule branch settings and build input records.
  3. Inspect repository history, leaked secret versions, access logs and rotation status.
  4. Inspect tag protection rules, release digests and commit-signature requirements.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Inspect tag protection rules, release digests and commit-signature requirements. This directly checks the uncertain behavior or control before changing production. Release references must be protected or cryptographically verified to preserve provenance. The resulting targeted action is: Protect release tags and record immutable commit or artifact digests in release manifests.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Inspect LFS usage, pointer resolution, CI checkout settings and quota alerts. This would address a different situation, such as: A project enables Git LFS but build agents repeatedly fail because downloads exceed the organization's storage bandwidth quota. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Inspect tag protection rules, release digests and commit-signature requirements. The crucial distinction is: Release references must be protected or cryptographically verified to preserve provenance.

B:

Inspect superproject gitlinks, submodule branch settings and build input records. This would address a different situation, such as: A build references a Git submodule by moving branch and occasionally acquires incompatible dependency changes. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Inspect tag protection rules, release digests and commit-signature requirements. The crucial distinction is: Release references must be protected or cryptographically verified to preserve provenance.

C:

Inspect repository history, leaked secret versions, access logs and rotation status. This would address a different situation, such as: A database credential is removed from the latest Git commit but remains visible in old revisions. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Inspect tag protection rules, release digests and commit-signature requirements. The crucial distinction is: Release references must be protected or cryptographically verified to preserve provenance.

Question 902

The DevOps team must resolve this situation: A cross-platform CLI is built only on Windows and fails later when customers run it on Linux. Which engineering action is MOST appropriate?

  1. Expand path filters to cover the service and relevant shared library changes.
  2. Include explicit succeeded dependencies in the custom promotion condition.
  3. Configure trusted GitHub OIDC federation and least-privilege Azure roles for the deployment.
  4. Create a controlled matrix over required operating systems and runtime versions.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Create a controlled matrix over required operating systems and runtime versions. This action addresses the specific failure or requirement and preserves delivery controls. Validation criterion: A deliberately Linux-only failure is detected before package publication. Matrix job strategies can validate supported platforms from one pipeline definition.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Expand path filters to cover the service and relevant shared library changes. This would address a different situation, such as: A monorepo pipeline skips tests for a common authentication library because its paths filter only includes one service folder. In the present case, the most directly relevant engineering action is: Create a controlled matrix over required operating systems and runtime versions. The crucial distinction is: Matrix job strategies can validate supported platforms from one pipeline definition.

B:

Include explicit succeeded dependencies in the custom promotion condition. This would address a different situation, such as: A post-deployment verification job runs even when staging tests fail because its condition overrides the default dependency check. In the present case, the most directly relevant engineering action is: Create a controlled matrix over required operating systems and runtime versions. The crucial distinction is: Matrix job strategies can validate supported platforms from one pipeline definition.

C:

Configure trusted GitHub OIDC federation and least-privilege Azure roles for the deployment. This would address a different situation, such as: A GitHub Actions release stores a long-lived Azure service principal password in repository secrets for every deployment. In the present case, the most directly relevant engineering action is: Create a controlled matrix over required operating systems and runtime versions. The crucial distinction is: Matrix job strategies can validate supported platforms from one pipeline definition.

Question 903

The DevOps team must resolve this situation: An external auditor needs read access to one private repository, but is added as an owner of the whole organization. Which engineering action is MOST appropriate?

  1. Use suitable Stakeholder access and restrict code/pipeline administration.
  2. Set minimum GITHUB_TOKEN permissions for each job and restrict untrusted execution.
  3. Enable system-assigned managed identity and grant narrow storage data-plane roles.
  4. Invite an outside collaborator with restricted access to the reviewed repository.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Invite an outside collaborator with restricted access to the reviewed repository. This action addresses the specific failure or requirement and preserves delivery controls. Validation criterion: The auditor views the specified repo but cannot inspect unrelated private repositories. External access should be scoped to the minimum repository and role.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Use suitable Stakeholder access and restrict code/pipeline administration. This would address a different situation, such as: A product manager needs to view Azure Boards and submit work items but is given full build administration permissions. In the present case, the most directly relevant engineering action is: Invite an outside collaborator with restricted access to the reviewed repository. The crucial distinction is: External access should be scoped to the minimum repository and role.

B:

Set minimum GITHUB_TOKEN permissions for each job and restrict untrusted execution. This would address a different situation, such as: A GitHub Actions test workflow with untrusted input has contents:write even though it only runs tests. In the present case, the most directly relevant engineering action is: Invite an outside collaborator with restricted access to the reviewed repository. The crucial distinction is: External access should be scoped to the minimum repository and role.

C:

Enable system-assigned managed identity and grant narrow storage data-plane roles. This would address a different situation, such as: An App Service accesses Azure Storage using a connection string containing an account key in source control. In the present case, the most directly relevant engineering action is: Invite an outside collaborator with restricted access to the reviewed repository. The crucial distinction is: External access should be scoped to the minimum repository and role.

Question 904

Before changing the pipeline or service, engineers find: An API's new release increases CPU costs by 60%, but the load test reports green because no baseline exists. Which evidence should the engineer inspect FIRST?

  1. Inspect browser-test steps, authentication dependencies and failure traces.
  2. Review prior performance runs, cost metrics, current profile and thresholds.
  3. Review process exit codes, PublishTestResults task settings and test XML files.
  4. Inspect connection policy, test-stage service connections, database logs and environment settings.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Review prior performance runs, cost metrics, current profile and thresholds. This directly checks the uncertain behavior or control before changing production. Performance testing should compare measured changes against approved regression budgets. The resulting targeted action is: Implement repeatable baseline comparison gates for resource consumption and latency.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Inspect browser-test steps, authentication dependencies and failure traces. This would address a different situation, such as: A payment workflow completes an HTTP health check but fails after users submit the checkout form. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Review prior performance runs, cost metrics, current profile and thresholds. The crucial distinction is: Performance testing should compare measured changes against approved regression budgets.

C:

Review process exit codes, PublishTestResults task settings and test XML files. This would address a different situation, such as: A pipeline script prints a test failure but exits with zero, leaving no test results visible in Azure Pipelines. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Review prior performance runs, cost metrics, current profile and thresholds. The crucial distinction is: Performance testing should compare measured changes against approved regression budgets.

D:

Inspect connection policy, test-stage service connections, database logs and environment settings. This would address a different situation, such as: Service unit tests pass but integration fails because Azure SQL connectivity differs between staging and production. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Review prior performance runs, cost metrics, current profile and thresholds. The crucial distinction is: Performance testing should compare measured changes against approved regression budgets.

Question 905

Before changing the pipeline or service, engineers find: A security scorecard shows the total number of alerts but cannot identify overdue critical fixes. Which evidence should the engineer inspect FIRST?

  1. Review service classifications, deployment events, reliability targets and cohort selection.
  2. Review incident start, synthetic transaction recovery, customer impact and closure events.
  3. Inspect commit timestamps, deployment records, service ownership and calculation filters.
  4. Inspect vulnerability discovery times, severity classifications, exception approvals and closure evidence.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Inspect vulnerability discovery times, severity classifications, exception approvals and closure evidence. This directly checks the uncertain behavior or control before changing production. Security metrics should track severity, exposure, accountable ownership and aging. The resulting targeted action is: Build aging and SLA queries for critical findings with owner and disposition fields.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Review service classifications, deployment events, reliability targets and cohort selection. This would address a different situation, such as: A company combines experimental internal tools and regulated payment services into one deployment-frequency ranking. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Inspect vulnerability discovery times, severity classifications, exception approvals and closure evidence. The crucial distinction is: Security metrics should track severity, exposure, accountable ownership and aging.

B:

Review incident start, synthetic transaction recovery, customer impact and closure events. This would address a different situation, such as: An operations dashboard reports recovery time ending when a VM restarts, although customer transactions remain unavailable. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Inspect vulnerability discovery times, severity classifications, exception approvals and closure evidence. The crucial distinction is: Security metrics should track severity, exposure, accountable ownership and aging.

C:

Inspect commit timestamps, deployment records, service ownership and calculation filters. This would address a different situation, such as: A dashboard measures deployment frequency but calculates lead time from the first commit in an unrelated repository. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Inspect vulnerability discovery times, severity classifications, exception approvals and closure evidence. The crucial distinction is: Security metrics should track severity, exposure, accountable ownership and aging.

Question 906

A Microsoft DevOps team is addressing: An AKS update removes every API pod simultaneously because maxUnavailable equals the full replica count. Which TWO complementary actions should be taken? Select TWO answers.

  1. Review component versions, release dependencies, API contracts and pipeline stage graph.
  2. Set appropriate maxUnavailable/maxSurge and validate readiness during rollout.
  3. Publish a reviewed Terraform plan and apply the exact approved plan under controls.
  4. Review artifact retention, release manifest, service health signals and restoration test.
  5. Inspect Deployment strategy, replica count, readiness probes and disruption events.

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

Set appropriate maxUnavailable/maxSurge and validate readiness during rollout. This supplies the controlled implementation needed for the scenario. Its complementary step is: Inspect Deployment strategy, replica count, readiness probes and disruption events. Together they address: Rolling update policies should preserve minimum ready capacity during replacement.

E:

Inspect Deployment strategy, replica count, readiness probes and disruption events. This supplies the diagnosis/evidence needed for the scenario. Its complementary step is: Set appropriate maxUnavailable/maxSurge and validate readiness during rollout. Together they address: Rolling update policies should preserve minimum ready capacity during replacement.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Review component versions, release dependencies, API contracts and pipeline stage graph. This concerns a different DevOps situation: A frontend release calls an API endpoint introduced only by a backend deployment scheduled later, breaking all sessions. This case instead requires both a targeted investigation (Inspect Deployment strategy, replica count, readiness probes and disruption events.) and a controlled change (Set appropriate maxUnavailable/maxSurge and validate readiness during rollout.).

C:

Publish a reviewed Terraform plan and apply the exact approved plan under controls. This concerns a different DevOps situation: A Terraform pipeline applies a production plan without showing that a changed resource will be destroyed. This case instead requires both a targeted investigation (Inspect Deployment strategy, replica count, readiness probes and disruption events.) and a controlled change (Set appropriate maxUnavailable/maxSurge and validate readiness during rollout.).

D:

Review artifact retention, release manifest, service health signals and restoration test. This concerns a different DevOps situation: A release detects elevated errors but cannot roll back because the prior verified package was deleted. This case instead requires both a targeted investigation (Inspect Deployment strategy, replica count, readiness probes and disruption events.) and a controlled change (Set appropriate maxUnavailable/maxSurge and validate readiness during rollout.).

Question 907

An engineering design review identifies: A deployment stage starts before the packaging stage publishes an artifact because stages are configured independently. Which shortcut should the team MOST specifically avoid for this case?

  1. Grant the pipeline unrestricted organization GitHub administration rights.
  2. Set all deployment stages to run concurrently regardless of shared state.
  3. Copy a template into every repository and disable future version updates.
  4. Add unrelated approval gates while leaving the pipeline dependency graph disconnected.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Add unrelated approval gates while leaving the pipeline dependency graph disconnected. This shortcut directly undermines the stated control or workflow. A safer action is: Define explicit stage dependencies and artifact handoffs in the YAML pipeline. Explanation: YAML stage dependencies should express the actual required job order.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Grant the pipeline unrestricted organization GitHub administration rights. This would address a different situation, such as: An Azure DevOps pipeline uses a GitHub repository but cannot run pull-request validation because its repository connection is misconfigured. In the present case, the most directly relevant unsafe shortcut is: Add unrelated approval gates while leaving the pipeline dependency graph disconnected. The crucial distinction is: YAML stage dependencies should express the actual required job order.

B:

Set all deployment stages to run concurrently regardless of shared state. This would address a different situation, such as: Two production deployments target the same App Service slot simultaneously and the earlier one overwrites the newer release. In the present case, the most directly relevant unsafe shortcut is: Add unrelated approval gates while leaving the pipeline dependency graph disconnected. The crucial distinction is: YAML stage dependencies should express the actual required job order.

C:

Copy a template into every repository and disable future version updates. This would address a different situation, such as: Teams each copy a deployment YAML template and security fixes reach only some repositories. In the present case, the most directly relevant unsafe shortcut is: Add unrelated approval gates while leaving the pipeline dependency graph disconnected. The crucial distinction is: YAML stage dependencies should express the actual required job order.

Question 908

Before changing the pipeline or service, engineers find: Azure Boards shows completed user stories, but there is no way to identify the commits and deployments delivering each story. Which evidence should the engineer inspect FIRST?

  1. Compare branch ages, pull request histories, work-item links and release tags.
  2. Inspect production incident links, bug work items, affected commits and test case mappings.
  3. Inspect Azure Boards development links, commit conventions and pipeline release metadata.
  4. Inspect pull request check states, required reviewers, labels and notification settings.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Inspect Azure Boards development links, commit conventions and pipeline release metadata. This directly checks the uncertain behavior or control before changing production. Traceability requires explicit relationships among work items, source revisions, builds and deployments. The resulting targeted action is: Configure work-item linking and automatic build/deployment associations in Azure Boards.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Compare branch ages, pull request histories, work-item links and release tags. This would address a different situation, such as: An engineering organization uses long-lived feature branches, and its hotfixes regularly miss previously merged changes. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Inspect Azure Boards development links, commit conventions and pipeline release metadata. The crucial distinction is: Traceability requires explicit relationships among work items, source revisions, builds and deployments.

B:

Inspect production incident links, bug work items, affected commits and test case mappings. This would address a different situation, such as: Several production defects were fixed, but QA cannot determine which automated test gaps allowed them to escape. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Inspect Azure Boards development links, commit conventions and pipeline release metadata. The crucial distinction is: Traceability requires explicit relationships among work items, source revisions, builds and deployments.

D:

Inspect pull request check states, required reviewers, labels and notification settings. This would address a different situation, such as: A team cannot tell when a pull request is waiting for security approval versus failed tests. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Inspect Azure Boards development links, commit conventions and pipeline release metadata. The crucial distinction is: Traceability requires explicit relationships among work items, source revisions, builds and deployments.

Question 909

After implementing the change, the team verifies: A Bicep deployment creates an application before the required Key Vault access is effective, causing startup failures. Which result would BEST demonstrate that the issue is corrected?

  1. A completed test leaves no unauthorized residual billable resources.
  2. Running the same deployment twice produces no duplicate workspaces.
  3. A test template omission cannot delete an unrelated protected storage resource.
  4. The app starts with authorized secret access after an entirely fresh deployment.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The app starts with authorized secret access after an entirely fresh deployment. This measures the actual expected outcome, rather than trusting only a configuration flag. Implemented action: Add explicit dependency and readiness checks where Azure role propagation needs validation. IaC dependency design must express when required resources and authorization are ready.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A completed test leaves no unauthorized residual billable resources. This would address a different situation, such as: Engineers create temporary load-test environments manually but never remove costly public IP addresses. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: The app starts with authorized secret access after an entirely fresh deployment. The crucial distinction is: IaC dependency design must express when required resources and authorization are ready.

B:

Running the same deployment twice produces no duplicate workspaces. This would address a different situation, such as: A shared Bicep deployment creates a new Log Analytics workspace on each run due to non-deterministic resource names. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: The app starts with authorized secret access after an entirely fresh deployment. The crucial distinction is: IaC dependency design must express when required resources and authorization are ready.

C:

A test template omission cannot delete an unrelated protected storage resource. This would address a different situation, such as: A deployment pipeline uses complete mode unintentionally and deletes resources omitted from an updated ARM template. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: The app starts with authorized secret access after an entirely fresh deployment. The crucial distinction is: IaC dependency design must express when required resources and authorization are ready.

Question 910

Before changing the pipeline or service, engineers find: Two separate repositories copy and edit a common authentication library independently, producing inconsistent fixes. Which evidence should the engineer inspect FIRST?

  1. Inspect tag protection rules, release digests and commit-signature requirements.
  2. Review code duplication, package provenance, semver constraints and release history.
  3. Inspect repository history, leaked secret versions, access logs and rotation status.
  4. Inspect project access groups, repository ACLs, token grants and vendor responsibilities.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Review code duplication, package provenance, semver constraints and release history. This directly checks the uncertain behavior or control before changing production. Cross-repository reuse needs an explicit versioned dependency strategy. The resulting targeted action is: Publish common code as a reviewed versioned package or managed shared component.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Inspect tag protection rules, release digests and commit-signature requirements. This would address a different situation, such as: A release build uses a mutable tag name that engineers can retarget to a different unreviewed commit. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Review code duplication, package provenance, semver constraints and release history. The crucial distinction is: Cross-repository reuse needs an explicit versioned dependency strategy.

C:

Inspect repository history, leaked secret versions, access logs and rotation status. This would address a different situation, such as: A database credential is removed from the latest Git commit but remains visible in old revisions. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Review code duplication, package provenance, semver constraints and release history. The crucial distinction is: Cross-repository reuse needs an explicit versioned dependency strategy.

D:

Inspect project access groups, repository ACLs, token grants and vendor responsibilities. This would address a different situation, such as: A QA vendor needs read-only test access but has been granted repository administration rights. In the present case, the most directly relevant evidence is: Review code duplication, package provenance, semver constraints and release history. The crucial distinction is: Cross-repository reuse needs an explicit versioned dependency strategy.

Designing and Implementing Microsoft DevOps Solutions (AZ-400) Practice Tests