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ISC CISSP Practice Test 26

Question 250

A previous security situation was: An internet-facing service exposes optional debug and administrative endpoints in production by default. Now the requirement changes: The service must allow temporary remote debugging for a critical production incident. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Disable unnecessary functionality and apply secure configuration baselines at deployment.
  2. Leave every development endpoint open because developers may need troubleshooting.
  3. Automated configuration checks show prohibited endpoints absent from production and exceptions logged.
  4. Use time-limited approved diagnostic access with logging and automatic revocation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Temporary diagnostics require controlled exception handling, not insecure permanent defaults. The revised action is Use time-limited approved diagnostic access with logging and automatic revocation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Secure defaults minimize attack paths before users customize systems. It does not directly meet the new condition.

B:

This remains inappropriate: Unneeded exposed functions expand risk and can bypass intended boundaries.

C:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Automated configuration checks show prohibited endpoints absent from production and exceptions logged.

Question 251

An accounting platform must prevent a lower-trust import process from modifying the integrity-protected general ledger. Which recommendation should the security leader make FIRST to address the stated objective?

  1. Rely on a confidentiality model alone to authorize writes to the general ledger.
  2. Negative tests show low-integrity service identities cannot alter high-integrity ledger entries.
  3. Use confidentiality labels and access constraints aligned with Bell-LaPadula's no-read-up principle.
  4. Apply a high-integrity write boundary consistent with Biba integrity controls.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Biba-style integrity rules prevent lower-integrity subjects from corrupting higher-integrity data. The scenario is: An accounting platform must prevent a lower-trust import process from modifying the integrity-protected general ledger.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Confidentiality rules do not by themselves enforce the required integrity write-up restriction. The rejected action is: Rely on a confidentiality model alone to authorize writes to the general ledger.

B:

This is useful evidence after implementation, rather than the FIRST recommended decision for this objective. Negative tests show low-integrity service identities cannot alter high-integrity ledger entries.

C:

This addresses a distinct subsequent requirement: Another division must keep secret design files from being read by lower-clearance personnel. The changed goal is information confidentiality rather than preventing corruption of trusted records.

Question 252

An accounting platform must prevent a lower-trust import process from modifying the integrity-protected general ledger. A colleague instead proposes: "Rely on a confidentiality model alone to authorize writes to the general ledger." Which finding BEST explains why the proposal should be rejected?

  1. Its only deficiency is a missing executive signature, even if the design still fails the stated requirement.
  2. It is inadequate only because of a different later condition: Another division must keep secret design files from being read by lower-clearance personnel.
  3. No evidence or governance records should be retained when evaluating this 3.2 decision.
  4. Confidentiality rules do not by themselves enforce the required integrity write-up restriction.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Confidentiality rules do not by themselves enforce the required integrity write-up restriction. This directly invalidates the proposed action: Rely on a confidentiality model alone to authorize writes to the general ledger.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Approval alone cannot fix the specific weakness: Confidentiality rules do not by themselves enforce the required integrity write-up restriction.

B:

The subsequent circumstance is separate and does not explain why this proposed action fails the initial case. The changed goal is information confidentiality rather than preventing corruption of trusted records.

C:

Destroying records would weaken oversight and cannot remedy the immediate technical or governance flaw: Confidentiality rules do not by themselves enforce the required integrity write-up restriction.

Question 253

An accounting platform must prevent a lower-trust import process from modifying the integrity-protected general ledger. After implementing "Apply a high-integrity write boundary consistent with Biba integrity controls.", what evidence BEST demonstrates that the intended security outcome is functioning?

  1. A note proposing to test this exact 3.2 measure in a future quarter.
  2. A declaration that no incident has been reported, without exercising the relevant control.
  3. A meeting record that the alternate design "Use confidentiality labels and access constraints aligned with Bell-LaPadula's no-read-up principle." was discussed but never tested.
  4. Negative tests show low-integrity service identities cannot alter high-integrity ledger entries.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Negative tests show low-integrity service identities cannot alter high-integrity ledger entries. This verifies the original requirement because biba-style integrity rules prevent lower-integrity subjects from corrupting higher-integrity data.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An unexecuted future plan does not prove current effectiveness for the stated 3.2 objective. The evidence should include: Negative tests show low-integrity service identities cannot alter high-integrity ledger entries.

B:

Absence of reported incidents is not a controlled validation of the requirement. A stronger proof is: Negative tests show low-integrity service identities cannot alter high-integrity ledger entries.

C:

Discussion of a different design does not demonstrate the deployed control. The changed goal is information confidentiality rather than preventing corruption of trusted records.

Question 254

The organization previously faced this problem: An accounting platform must prevent a lower-trust import process from modifying the integrity-protected general ledger. Its requirement then changes: Another division must keep secret design files from being read by lower-clearance personnel. Which revised action BEST meets the new requirement?

  1. Apply a high-integrity write boundary consistent with Biba integrity controls.
  2. Rely on a confidentiality model alone to authorize writes to the general ledger.
  3. Keep the original 3.2 policy unchanged, and defer the newly identified requirement without a risk decision.
  4. Use confidentiality labels and access constraints aligned with Bell-LaPadula's no-read-up principle.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

The changed goal is information confidentiality rather than preventing corruption of trusted records. The appropriate revised action is: Use confidentiality labels and access constraints aligned with Bell-LaPadula's no-read-up principle.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This addresses the original situation: Biba-style integrity rules prevent lower-integrity subjects from corrupting higher-integrity data. It does not directly meet the changed requirement: Another division must keep secret design files from being read by lower-clearance personnel.

B:

The earlier rejected approach remains inappropriate. Confidentiality rules do not by themselves enforce the required integrity write-up restriction.

C:

The new requirement needs an accountable response, not automatic deferral. The changed goal is information confidentiality rather than preventing corruption of trusted records.

Question 255

A military document system needs to stop users without sufficient classification clearance reading secret content. The team must implement a defensible safeguard AND demonstrate that it works. Which TWO entries form that control-and-evidence pair? (Select TWO.)

  1. Use mandatory labels and clearance checks consistent with Bell-LaPadula confidentiality rules.
  2. Access tests show lower-clearance accounts cannot retrieve classified records.
  3. Apply only an integrity model and assume it enforces document secrecy.
  4. Apply an integrity-oriented model for trusted record updates.
  5. Use Clark-Wilson-style constrained transactions with certification and separation of duties.

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

Correct control. No-read-up confidentiality protects information from lower-clearance subjects.

B:

Correct verification. The specific evidence is: Access tests show lower-clearance accounts cannot retrieve classified records.

Incorrect Answers

C:

Integrity rules do not by themselves prevent unauthorized disclosure of higher-classification content.

D:

This concerns a later and different need: The same system must prevent lower-integrity imports from corrupting an authoritative database. Confidentiality and integrity policy address different information security objectives.

E:

The proposed control fits another scenario: A brokerage trading platform requires well-formed transactions and separation between initiating and certifying financial updates. It does not directly address this scenario's primary requirement.

Question 256

A military document system needs to stop users without sufficient classification clearance reading secret content. A designer proposes: Apply only an integrity model and assume it enforces document secrecy. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. Confidentiality and integrity policy address different information security objectives.
  2. Well-formed transformation procedures protect commercial data integrity.
  3. Integrity rules do not by themselves prevent unauthorized disclosure of higher-classification content.
  4. Authentication alone cannot ensure valid business state transitions or independent certification.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Integrity rules do not by themselves prevent unauthorized disclosure of higher-classification content.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This explains a later shift in requirements (The same system must prevent lower-integrity imports from corrupting an authoritative database.), not the failure of the current proposal.

B:

This is an advantage of another design (Use Clark-Wilson-style constrained transactions with certification and separation of duties.), not the particular flaw of Apply only an integrity model and assume it enforces document secrecy.

D:

This is a limitation elsewhere: A brokerage trading platform requires well-formed transactions and separation between initiating and certifying financial updates. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

Question 257

A military document system needs to stop users without sufficient classification clearance reading secret content. The organization has now implemented this response: Use mandatory labels and clearance checks consistent with Bell-LaPadula confidentiality rules. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. Attestation and isolation tests verify the intended protected execution boundary.
  2. An approved change ticket for Use mandatory labels and clearance checks consistent with Bell-LaPadula confidentiality rules. without a completed verification result.
  3. Access tests show lower-clearance accounts cannot retrieve classified records.
  4. Invalid direct updates fail, while authorized constrained transactions maintain reconciliation invariants.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Access tests show lower-clearance accounts cannot retrieve classified records. This validates that no-read-up confidentiality protects information from lower-clearance subjects.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This other observation is relevant to: A service runs encrypted keys in memory on commodity shared virtual machines and fears hypervisor-level exposure.

B:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Access tests show lower-clearance accounts cannot retrieve classified records.

D:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A brokerage trading platform requires well-formed transactions and separation between initiating and certifying financial updates.

Question 258

A previous security situation was: A military document system needs to stop users without sufficient classification clearance reading secret content. Now the requirement changes: The same system must prevent lower-integrity imports from corrupting an authoritative database. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Apply only an integrity model and assume it enforces document secrecy.
  2. Access tests show lower-clearance accounts cannot retrieve classified records.
  3. Apply an integrity-oriented model for trusted record updates.
  4. Use mandatory labels and clearance checks consistent with Bell-LaPadula confidentiality rules.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Confidentiality and integrity policy address different information security objectives. The revised action is Apply an integrity-oriented model for trusted record updates.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This remains inappropriate: Integrity rules do not by themselves prevent unauthorized disclosure of higher-classification content.

B:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Access tests show lower-clearance accounts cannot retrieve classified records.

D:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: No-read-up confidentiality protects information from lower-clearance subjects. It does not directly meet the new condition.

Question 259

A brokerage trading platform requires well-formed transactions and separation between initiating and certifying financial updates. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Use mandatory labels and clearance checks consistent with Bell-LaPadula confidentiality rules.
  2. Use Clark-Wilson-style constrained transactions with certification and separation of duties.
  3. Allow arbitrary table edits by any authenticated trader without approved transaction procedures.
  4. Enforce conflict-of-interest access restrictions consistent with Brewer-Nash principles.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Well-formed transformation procedures protect commercial data integrity. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This response addresses a different condition: A military document system needs to stop users without sufficient classification clearance reading secret content. The present case requires the measure described by Use Clark-Wilson-style constrained transactions with certification and separation of duties.

C:

Authentication alone cannot ensure valid business state transitions or independent certification.

D:

This is appropriate for a later condition (The brokerage now needs to prevent analysts from viewing competitor confidential deal information.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Conflict-based access decisions depend on prior information exposure rather than transaction integrity alone.

Question 260

A brokerage trading platform requires well-formed transactions and separation between initiating and certifying financial updates. A designer proposes: Allow arbitrary table edits by any authenticated trader without approved transaction procedures. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. No-read-up confidentiality protects information from lower-clearance subjects.
  2. Authentication alone cannot ensure valid business state transitions or independent certification.
  3. Integrity rules do not by themselves prevent unauthorized disclosure of higher-classification content.
  4. Conflict-based access decisions depend on prior information exposure rather than transaction integrity alone.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Authentication alone cannot ensure valid business state transitions or independent certification.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is an advantage of another design (Use mandatory labels and clearance checks consistent with Bell-LaPadula confidentiality rules.), not the particular flaw of Allow arbitrary table edits by any authenticated trader without approved transaction procedures.

C:

This is a limitation elsewhere: A military document system needs to stop users without sufficient classification clearance reading secret content. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

D:

This explains a later shift in requirements (The brokerage now needs to prevent analysts from viewing competitor confidential deal information.), not the failure of the current proposal.

Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) Practice Tests