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Isaca CISA Practice Test 73

Question 720

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: A DBA changes production schema directly, causing an analytics extract to return wrong totals. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. An anticipated high-load period does not exhaust storage and restore capability remains intact.
  2. Business totals reconcile before and after authorized schema changes.
  3. A measured peak-like exercise meets agreed recovery times and identifies capacity shortfalls.
  4. A recovery test completes reconciled business transactions within required limits.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Business totals reconcile before and after authorized schema changes. It addresses database management. Underlying audit concern: Database changes require controlled migration, versioning and dependent-query testing.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An anticipated high-load period does not exhaust storage and restore capability remains intact. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Database transaction logs fill the only disk volume and cause a payment service outage. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Business totals reconcile before and after authorized schema changes. The governing distinction is: Database changes require controlled migration, versioning and dependent-query testing.

C:

A measured peak-like exercise meets agreed recovery times and identifies capacity shortfalls. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A company rehearses DR annually on a clean weekend but its live recovery window overlaps payroll peaks and storage contention. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Business totals reconcile before and after authorized schema changes. The governing distinction is: Database changes require controlled migration, versioning and dependent-query testing.

D:

A recovery test completes reconciled business transactions within required limits. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A disaster recovery runbook lists server boot order but omits database integrity and application acceptance tests. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Business totals reconcile before and after authorized schema changes. The governing distinction is: Database changes require controlled migration, versioning and dependent-query testing.

Question 721

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: An automation business case counts staff savings but omits new licenses, monitoring and transition costs. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. Representative imaging workflow meets agreed performance and data-handling requirements.
  2. Invalid or manipulated requests are blocked and legitimate transactions remain correct.
  3. Approved changes reconcile to updated delivery plans and traceable decisions.
  4. Post-approval benefits can be compared with documented realistic financial assumptions.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Post-approval benefits can be compared with documented realistic financial assumptions. It addresses business case and feasibility analysis. Underlying audit concern: Investment feasibility should evaluate total costs, benefits, risks and measurable assumptions.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Representative imaging workflow meets agreed performance and data-handling requirements. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A hospital chooses a cloud imaging service without confirming network reliability or clinical response needs. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Post-approval benefits can be compared with documented realistic financial assumptions. The governing distinction is: Investment feasibility should evaluate total costs, benefits, risks and measurable assumptions.

B:

Invalid or manipulated requests are blocked and legitimate transactions remain correct. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A payment API relies on user-supplied transaction values without server-side validation. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Post-approval benefits can be compared with documented realistic financial assumptions. The governing distinction is: Investment feasibility should evaluate total costs, benefits, risks and measurable assumptions.

C:

Approved changes reconcile to updated delivery plans and traceable decisions. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A new enterprise resource planning program frequently expands requirements without cost, risk or schedule review. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Post-approval benefits can be compared with documented realistic financial assumptions. The governing distinction is: Investment feasibility should evaluate total costs, benefits, risks and measurable assumptions.

Question 722

Before reaching an audit conclusion, consider: A spreadsheet with editable formulas calculates regulatory capital but has no validation or change history. Which evidence should the auditor review FIRST to evaluate this risk?

  1. Check logging privileges, forwarding configuration, heartbeat and gap detection.
  2. Identify business use, sensitive documents, sharing recipients and enterprise alternatives.
  3. Review spreadsheet logic, versioning, reconciliations, owners and manual overrides.
  4. Map DNS architecture, cache behavior, alternate paths and outage records.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Review spreadsheet logic, versioning, reconciliations, owners and manual overrides. The governing principle is: Critical end-user computing requires integrity, access and change controls proportionate to risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Check logging privileges, forwarding configuration, heartbeat and gap detection. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Security logs are forwarded to a central platform but administrators can disable forwarding without generating an alert. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Review spreadsheet logic, versioning, reconciliations, owners and manual overrides. The governing distinction is: Critical end-user computing requires integrity, access and change controls proportionate to risk.

B:

Identify business use, sensitive documents, sharing recipients and enterprise alternatives. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A sales team stores client contracts in an unapproved personal file-sharing account for convenience. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Review spreadsheet logic, versioning, reconciliations, owners and manual overrides. The governing distinction is: Critical end-user computing requires integrity, access and change controls proportionate to risk.

D:

Map DNS architecture, cache behavior, alternate paths and outage records. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A redundant web cluster shares one DNS resolver and becomes inaccessible when that resolver fails. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Review spreadsheet logic, versioning, reconciliations, owners and manual overrides. The governing distinction is: Critical end-user computing requires integrity, access and change controls proportionate to risk.

Question 723

An IS auditor evaluates this situation: A cloud provider's assurance report covers physical facilities but the customer's tenant encryption and IAM are untested. Which audit principle MOST directly applies to this situation?

  1. Cloud shared responsibility includes customer configuration and continuous misconfiguration detection.
  2. Preserving original evidence is essential for reliable investigation and potential legal use.
  3. Threat monitoring should assess indicator freshness, context and false-positive effects.
  4. Provider assurances do not automatically cover customer-operated security responsibilities.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Provider assurances do not automatically cover customer-operated security responsibilities. The corresponding audit procedure is: Map shared-responsibility controls and review customer policies, logs and service settings.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Cloud shared responsibility includes customer configuration and continuous misconfiguration detection. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A cloud storage bucket used for personnel data becomes publicly readable after a template change. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Provider assurances do not automatically cover customer-operated security responsibilities. The governing distinction is: Provider assurances do not automatically cover customer-operated security responsibilities.

B:

Preserving original evidence is essential for reliable investigation and potential legal use. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Security staff begin forensic analysis directly on a live original log file and overwrite timestamps. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Provider assurances do not automatically cover customer-operated security responsibilities. The governing distinction is: Provider assurances do not automatically cover customer-operated security responsibilities.

C:

Threat monitoring should assess indicator freshness, context and false-positive effects. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A threat-intelligence feed generates blocks for obsolete indicators without regular relevance review. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Provider assurances do not automatically cover customer-operated security responsibilities. The governing distinction is: Provider assurances do not automatically cover customer-operated security responsibilities.

Question 724

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: A software delivery group claims quality because unit tests pass, but repeated severe production incidents persist. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. Signed obligations and monitoring evidence cover the organization's critical service needs.
  2. Affected cloud deployments follow a documented approved standard or valid exception.
  3. Defect leakage and repeat incident rates fall under measured controls.
  4. Sample teams operate the current version and report measurable adherence.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Defect leakage and repeat incident rates fall under measured controls. It addresses quality assurance and quality management of it. Underlying audit concern: Quality management should evaluate defects, process capability and business outcomes across the lifecycle.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Signed obligations and monitoring evidence cover the organization's critical service needs. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A SaaS provider promises 99.9% uptime in a brochure but the signed agreement contains no measurable recovery commitment. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Defect leakage and repeat incident rates fall under measured controls. The governing distinction is: Quality management should evaluate defects, process capability and business outcomes across the lifecycle.

B:

Affected cloud deployments follow a documented approved standard or valid exception. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A legacy security standard remains mandatory even though new approved cloud services cannot technically meet it. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Defect leakage and repeat incident rates fall under measured controls. The governing distinction is: Quality management should evaluate defects, process capability and business outcomes across the lifecycle.

D:

Sample teams operate the current version and report measurable adherence. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A new corporate service standard is rolled out without training, version control or effectiveness reviews. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Defect leakage and repeat incident rates fall under measured controls. The governing distinction is: Quality management should evaluate defects, process capability and business outcomes across the lifecycle.

Question 725

An IS auditor evaluates this situation: A code review tool shows no vulnerabilities after analysts exclude the main authentication module from scanning. Which audit principle MOST directly applies to this situation?

  1. Security test findings require contextual verification and risk assessment before conclusions.
  2. CA private keys require strong custody and accountable access due to their trust impact.
  3. Break-glass access must be controlled, logged, tested and periodically reauthorized.
  4. Assessment conclusions depend on complete and relevant testing coverage.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Assessment conclusions depend on complete and relevant testing coverage. The corresponding audit procedure is: Compare source inventory, tool scope exclusions, build artifacts and risk areas.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Security test findings require contextual verification and risk assessment before conclusions. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A vulnerability scanner reports a critical web flaw but the service is behind a compensating control and no validation occurs. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Assessment conclusions depend on complete and relevant testing coverage. The governing distinction is: Assessment conclusions depend on complete and relevant testing coverage.

B:

CA private keys require strong custody and accountable access due to their trust impact. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A certificate authority's signing key is available to several administrators without dual control. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Assessment conclusions depend on complete and relevant testing coverage. The governing distinction is: Assessment conclusions depend on complete and relevant testing coverage.

C:

Break-glass access must be controlled, logged, tested and periodically reauthorized. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Emergency administrator accounts are exempt from monitoring and are never tested until an outage. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Assessment conclusions depend on complete and relevant testing coverage. The governing distinction is: Assessment conclusions depend on complete and relevant testing coverage.

Question 726

An IS auditor evaluates this situation: A team uses the same deployment credentials for development, test and production systems. Which audit principle MOST directly applies to this situation?

  1. Confidentiality does not replace integrity and completeness controls for converted data.
  2. Configuration changes must remain controlled, traceable and aligned with approved baselines.
  3. Environment segregation supports authorization and limits unauthorized promotion risk.
  4. Lessons learned and operational handoff should feed governance and future improvements.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Environment segregation supports authorization and limits unauthorized promotion risk. The corresponding audit procedure is: Review credential scope, pipeline identities, environment boundaries and access records.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Confidentiality does not replace integrity and completeness controls for converted data. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A data migration design encrypts transfers but does not detect missing or duplicated customer records. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Environment segregation supports authorization and limits unauthorized promotion risk. The governing distinction is: Environment segregation supports authorization and limits unauthorized promotion risk.

B:

Configuration changes must remain controlled, traceable and aligned with approved baselines. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A production release changes database permissions manually after the reviewed deployment package was approved. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Environment segregation supports authorization and limits unauthorized promotion risk. The governing distinction is: Environment segregation supports authorization and limits unauthorized promotion risk.

D:

Lessons learned and operational handoff should feed governance and future improvements. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A completed software project is archived without documenting incidents and change causes from the first operating month. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Environment segregation supports authorization and limits unauthorized promotion risk. The governing distinction is: Environment segregation supports authorization and limits unauthorized promotion risk.

Question 727

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: A legacy security standard remains mandatory even though new approved cloud services cannot technically meet it. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. Affected cloud deployments follow a documented approved standard or valid exception.
  2. Sample changes in each region follow the same mandatory authorization and evidence rules.
  3. Support workflow succeeds without exposing unnecessary identity data.
  4. Defect leakage and repeat incident rates fall under measured controls.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Affected cloud deployments follow a documented approved standard or valid exception. It addresses it policies, standards, procedures and practices. Underlying audit concern: Standards must be reviewed and changed through formal governance without silently weakening policy.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Sample changes in each region follow the same mandatory authorization and evidence rules. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Regional IT teams follow conflicting change-control procedures even though one enterprise policy applies. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Affected cloud deployments follow a documented approved standard or valid exception. The governing distinction is: Standards must be reviewed and changed through formal governance without silently weakening policy.

C:

Support workflow succeeds without exposing unnecessary identity data. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A service provider requests full identity documents when a masked identifier would satisfy a support task. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Affected cloud deployments follow a documented approved standard or valid exception. The governing distinction is: Standards must be reviewed and changed through formal governance without silently weakening policy.

D:

Defect leakage and repeat incident rates fall under measured controls. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A software delivery group claims quality because unit tests pass, but repeated severe production incidents persist. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Affected cloud deployments follow a documented approved standard or valid exception. The governing distinction is: Standards must be reviewed and changed through formal governance without silently weakening policy.

Question 728

An IS auditor is preparing recommendations after reviewing this situation: A company copies database files nightly while transactions remain active, producing inconsistent backups. Which recommendation would BEST address the identified weakness?

  1. Recommend periodic representative restoration tests with objective success criteria.
  2. Recommend application-consistent backup and recovery sequencing for the database.
  3. Recommend auditable emergency change controls with post-implementation oversight.
  4. Recommend sustained remediation, contingency planning and governance escalation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Recommend application-consistent backup and recovery sequencing for the database. The relevant control principle is: Data protection must account for application consistency and in-flight transactions. A meaningful follow-up should establish: Restoration passes transactional integrity and reconciliation tests.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Recommend periodic representative restoration tests with objective success criteria. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An enterprise calls backups successful because jobs complete, but no recent restoration test has been performed. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend application-consistent backup and recovery sequencing for the database. The governing distinction is: Data protection must account for application consistency and in-flight transactions.

C:

Recommend auditable emergency change controls with post-implementation oversight. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An urgent firewall change is deployed without a ticket and later cannot be attributed to an approver. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend application-consistent backup and recovery sequencing for the database. The governing distinction is: Data protection must account for application consistency and in-flight transactions.

D:

Recommend sustained remediation, contingency planning and governance escalation. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A data processing vendor consistently misses recovery times but management pays service credits without correcting the cause. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend application-consistent backup and recovery sequencing for the database. The governing distinction is: Data protection must account for application consistency and in-flight transactions.

Question 729

Before reaching an audit conclusion, consider: A payroll system uses post-payment anomaly reports but has no approval requirement for changing bank accounts. Which evidence should the auditor review FIRST to evaluate this risk?

  1. Compare approved charter, new testing requests, risk justification and effort forecast.
  2. Inspect account-change workflow, approver segregation and exception follow-up records.
  3. Sample alert queues, closure timestamps, escalation rules and staff assignments.
  4. Compare report scope dates, exclusions, complementary user controls and identified gaps.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Inspect account-change workflow, approver segregation and exception follow-up records. The governing principle is: Detective review does not automatically replace an effective preventive authorization control.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Compare approved charter, new testing requests, risk justification and effort forecast. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Fieldwork expands to a new subsidiary without updating the approved engagement scope or communicating budget impact. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Inspect account-change workflow, approver segregation and exception follow-up records. The governing distinction is: Detective review does not automatically replace an effective preventive authorization control.

C:

Sample alert queues, closure timestamps, escalation rules and staff assignments. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A monitoring alert is generated for suspicious transfers, but no owner is assigned to investigate or close it. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Inspect account-change workflow, approver segregation and exception follow-up records. The governing distinction is: Detective review does not automatically replace an effective preventive authorization control.

D:

Compare report scope dates, exclusions, complementary user controls and identified gaps. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A supplier gives the audit team a third-party control report that expired before the review period. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Inspect account-change workflow, approver segregation and exception follow-up records. The governing distinction is: Detective review does not automatically replace an effective preventive authorization control.

Question 730

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: A financial transfer job can be rerun after timeout and processes the same payment twice. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. The configuration database identifies the actual application host and dependencies.
  2. Representative warehouse transactions continue correctly after the planned router change.
  3. Replayed requests create one authorized business transaction with consistent audit logs.
  4. Unauthorized script edits are denied and authorized revisions are traceable.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Replayed requests create one authorized business transaction with consistent audit logs. It addresses job scheduling and production process automation. Underlying audit concern: Automated restart must avoid duplicate or incomplete business transactions.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The configuration database identifies the actual application host and dependencies. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A configuration database lists a retired server as the active owner of a production application. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Replayed requests create one authorized business transaction with consistent audit logs. The governing distinction is: Automated restart must avoid duplicate or incomplete business transactions.

B:

Representative warehouse transactions continue correctly after the planned router change. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A network router is upgraded without identifying the legacy protocol needed by an older warehouse controller. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Replayed requests create one authorized business transaction with consistent audit logs. The governing distinction is: Automated restart must avoid duplicate or incomplete business transactions.

D:

Unauthorized script edits are denied and authorized revisions are traceable. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An operator can edit scheduled payroll scripts directly in production without independent approval. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Replayed requests create one authorized business transaction with consistent audit logs. The governing distinction is: Automated restart must avoid duplicate or incomplete business transactions.

Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) Practice Tests