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Isaca CISA Practice Test 44

Question 430

An IS auditor is preparing recommendations after reviewing this situation: A redundant web cluster shares one DNS resolver and becomes inaccessible when that resolver fails. Which recommendation would BEST address the identified weakness?

  1. Recommend auditable emergency change controls with post-implementation oversight.
  2. Recommend capacity thresholds and a validated scale plan before peak season.
  3. Recommend resilient name resolution and failure testing for critical client access.
  4. Recommend severity-triggered rapid escalation and tested incident playbooks.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Recommend resilient name resolution and failure testing for critical client access. The relevant control principle is: Availability analysis must include upstream shared dependencies, not just redundant hosts. A meaningful follow-up should establish: A DNS component outage does not exceed the agreed service interruption target.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Recommend auditable emergency change controls with post-implementation oversight. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An urgent firewall change is deployed without a ticket and later cannot be attributed to an approver. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend resilient name resolution and failure testing for critical client access. The governing distinction is: Availability analysis must include upstream shared dependencies, not just redundant hosts.

B:

Recommend capacity thresholds and a validated scale plan before peak season. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A transaction platform runs at high average CPU and has no measured headroom for seasonal spikes. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend resilient name resolution and failure testing for critical client access. The governing distinction is: Availability analysis must include upstream shared dependencies, not just redundant hosts.

D:

Recommend severity-triggered rapid escalation and tested incident playbooks. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A major cyber outage is escalated only after normal helpdesk response times expire. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend resilient name resolution and failure testing for critical client access. The governing distinction is: Availability analysis must include upstream shared dependencies, not just redundant hosts.

Question 431

An IS auditor is preparing recommendations after reviewing this situation: A business owner specifies a one-hour RTO but has never identified which external dependencies must also be restored. Which recommendation would BEST address the identified weakness?

  1. Recommend dependency register updates and tested risk-based failover procedures.
  2. Recommend an accurate component dependency inventory and risk review of single points of failure.
  3. Recommend business-approved RPO and matching protection technology.
  4. Recommend dependency-aware recovery requirements and feasible coordinated timelines.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Recommend dependency-aware recovery requirements and feasible coordinated timelines. The relevant control principle is: Recovery objectives must include process dependencies and end-to-end recovery viability. A meaningful follow-up should establish: A recovery rehearsal restores the complete service within the approved RTO.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Recommend dependency register updates and tested risk-based failover procedures. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A supplier dependency map omits a critical cloud DNS service used by every customer-facing application. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend dependency-aware recovery requirements and feasible coordinated timelines. The governing distinction is: Recovery objectives must include process dependencies and end-to-end recovery viability.

B:

Recommend an accurate component dependency inventory and risk review of single points of failure. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A payment service uses a load balancer, two application servers and one database but its diagram lists only the web servers as critical. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend dependency-aware recovery requirements and feasible coordinated timelines. The governing distinction is: Recovery objectives must include process dependencies and end-to-end recovery viability.

C:

Recommend business-approved RPO and matching protection technology. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A sales system's backup schedule is chosen before the business determines acceptable data loss. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend dependency-aware recovery requirements and feasible coordinated timelines. The governing distinction is: Recovery objectives must include process dependencies and end-to-end recovery viability.

Question 432

Before reaching an audit conclusion, consider: An organization discovers a reportable personal-data breach but no one knows who can authorize external notification. Which evidence should the auditor review FIRST to evaluate this risk?

  1. Assess current threat activity, service dependencies and available containment alternatives.
  2. Map sensitive data flows, network egress methods and endpoint/browser policy enforcement.
  3. Compare renewed certificate inventory, deployed endpoints, validity dates and chain health.
  4. Review notification obligations, escalation matrix, incident classification and response records.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Review notification obligations, escalation matrix, incident classification and response records. The governing principle is: Incident governance should define regulatory communication and accountable legal decisions.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Assess current threat activity, service dependencies and available containment alternatives. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A security team isolates a suspicious server without informing its critical care business owner, interrupting clinical operations. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Review notification obligations, escalation matrix, incident classification and response records. The governing distinction is: Incident governance should define regulatory communication and accountable legal decisions.

B:

Map sensitive data flows, network egress methods and endpoint/browser policy enforcement. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A DLP tool blocks confidential document attachments but ignores similar files uploaded through approved web browsers. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Review notification obligations, escalation matrix, incident classification and response records. The governing distinction is: Incident governance should define regulatory communication and accountable legal decisions.

C:

Compare renewed certificate inventory, deployed endpoints, validity dates and chain health. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An internal portal outage follows certificate expiration despite an automated renewal job that reported success. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Review notification obligations, escalation matrix, incident classification and response records. The governing distinction is: Incident governance should define regulatory communication and accountable legal decisions.

Question 433

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: An enterprise applies one numeric risk score to cyber, safety and privacy exposures despite different materiality definitions. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. Sample changes in each region follow the same mandatory authorization and evidence rules.
  2. Board risk views disclose significant exposures without misleading cross-category comparisons.
  3. Expired exceptions close or are explicitly renewed with current evidence and risk ownership.
  4. IT performance reports demonstrate progress toward business-approved goals.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Board risk views disclose significant exposures without misleading cross-category comparisons. It addresses enterprise risk management. Underlying audit concern: Risk aggregation requires consistent criteria and clear reporting of noncomparable dimensions.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Sample changes in each region follow the same mandatory authorization and evidence rules. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Regional IT teams follow conflicting change-control procedures even though one enterprise policy applies. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Board risk views disclose significant exposures without misleading cross-category comparisons. The governing distinction is: Risk aggregation requires consistent criteria and clear reporting of noncomparable dimensions.

C:

Expired exceptions close or are explicitly renewed with current evidence and risk ownership. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A vendor incident triggers a temporary exception but the residual risk is never reconsidered after six months. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Board risk views disclose significant exposures without misleading cross-category comparisons. The governing distinction is: Risk aggregation requires consistent criteria and clear reporting of noncomparable dimensions.

D:

IT performance reports demonstrate progress toward business-approved goals. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An IT strategy document lists new tools but has no targets for customer availability or service costs. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Board risk views disclose significant exposures without misleading cross-category comparisons. The governing distinction is: Risk aggregation requires consistent criteria and clear reporting of noncomparable dimensions.

Question 434

An IS auditor evaluates this situation: A new enterprise resource planning program frequently expands requirements without cost, risk or schedule review. Which audit principle MOST directly applies to this situation?

  1. Migration accuracy requires field-level validity, completeness and financial reconciliation.
  2. Expedited release processes still require risk checks, fallback and post-change validation.
  3. Project change governance should assess baseline implications before approving scope changes.
  4. Project governance requires clear business ownership and formal acceptance of material risk.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Project change governance should assess baseline implications before approving scope changes. The corresponding audit procedure is: Compare original baseline, requested variations, impact estimates and approval records.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Migration accuracy requires field-level validity, completeness and financial reconciliation. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A bank converts 20 years of loan records into a new core system and reconciles only total record counts. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Project change governance should assess baseline implications before approving scope changes. The governing distinction is: Project change governance should assess baseline implications before approving scope changes.

B:

Expedited release processes still require risk checks, fallback and post-change validation. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An emergency patch goes live without a rollback plan or verification of required interfaces. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Project change governance should assess baseline implications before approving scope changes. The governing distinction is: Project change governance should assess baseline implications before approving scope changes.

D:

Project governance requires clear business ownership and formal acceptance of material risk. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A mobile-banking project reaches launch without an accountable sponsor for unresolved regulatory requirements. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Project change governance should assess baseline implications before approving scope changes. The governing distinction is: Project change governance should assess baseline implications before approving scope changes.

Question 435

An IS auditor is preparing recommendations after reviewing this situation: A DBA changes production schema directly, causing an analytics extract to return wrong totals. Which recommendation would BEST address the identified weakness?

  1. Recommend proactive log management and capacity alarms without impairing recovery.
  2. Recommend a reconciled inventory with ownership and lifecycle attributes.
  3. Recommend reviewed schema deployment and regression validation for dependent consumers.
  4. Recommend dependency-aware recovery requirements and feasible coordinated timelines.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Recommend reviewed schema deployment and regression validation for dependent consumers. The relevant control principle is: Database changes require controlled migration, versioning and dependent-query testing. A meaningful follow-up should establish: Business totals reconcile before and after authorized schema changes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Recommend proactive log management and capacity alarms without impairing recovery. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Database transaction logs fill the only disk volume and cause a payment service outage. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend reviewed schema deployment and regression validation for dependent consumers. The governing distinction is: Database changes require controlled migration, versioning and dependent-query testing.

B:

Recommend a reconciled inventory with ownership and lifecycle attributes. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An IT inventory lists hundreds of production servers without owners or support end dates. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend reviewed schema deployment and regression validation for dependent consumers. The governing distinction is: Database changes require controlled migration, versioning and dependent-query testing.

D:

Recommend dependency-aware recovery requirements and feasible coordinated timelines. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A business owner specifies a one-hour RTO but has never identified which external dependencies must also be restored. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend reviewed schema deployment and regression validation for dependent consumers. The governing distinction is: Database changes require controlled migration, versioning and dependent-query testing.

Question 436

An IS auditor evaluates this situation: Annual phishing training records show high completion but employees repeatedly submit credentials to simulated malicious sites. Which audit principle MOST directly applies to this situation?

  1. Role-specific training and technical controls should address actual high-risk behaviors.
  2. Awareness effectiveness should be measured by behavior and risk reduction, not attendance alone.
  3. Break-glass access must be controlled, logged, tested and periodically reauthorized.
  4. Encryption without authenticating the peer can permit interception or impersonation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Awareness effectiveness should be measured by behavior and risk reduction, not attendance alone. The corresponding audit procedure is: Compare simulation outcomes, repeat behavior, reporting rates and learner groups.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Role-specific training and technical controls should address actual high-risk behaviors. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Developers complete general security videos but continue committing cloud keys into source repositories. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Awareness effectiveness should be measured by behavior and risk reduction, not attendance alone. The governing distinction is: Awareness effectiveness should be measured by behavior and risk reduction, not attendance alone.

C:

Break-glass access must be controlled, logged, tested and periodically reauthorized. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Emergency administrator accounts are exempt from monitoring and are never tested until an outage. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Awareness effectiveness should be measured by behavior and risk reduction, not attendance alone. The governing distinction is: Awareness effectiveness should be measured by behavior and risk reduction, not attendance alone.

D:

Encryption without authenticating the peer can permit interception or impersonation. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An application uses TLS for client sessions but disables certificate validation when connecting to its payment processor. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Awareness effectiveness should be measured by behavior and risk reduction, not attendance alone. The governing distinction is: Awareness effectiveness should be measured by behavior and risk reduction, not attendance alone.

Question 437

An IS auditor evaluates this situation: Continuity leadership bases recovery priorities on annual revenue only and ignores safety-critical low-volume services. Which audit principle MOST directly applies to this situation?

  1. Service credits alone may not address underlying operational and continuity risk.
  2. Business impact includes legal, safety, customer and operational harm beyond revenue.
  3. RPO should be derived from business impact and transactional tolerance, not backup convenience.
  4. Operational resilience requires evaluation of common-mode dependencies.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Business impact includes legal, safety, customer and operational harm beyond revenue. The corresponding audit procedure is: Review nonfinancial impacts, dependency chains and stakeholder severity scales.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Service credits alone may not address underlying operational and continuity risk. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A data processing vendor consistently misses recovery times but management pays service credits without correcting the cause. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Business impact includes legal, safety, customer and operational harm beyond revenue. The governing distinction is: Business impact includes legal, safety, customer and operational harm beyond revenue.

C:

RPO should be derived from business impact and transactional tolerance, not backup convenience. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A sales system's backup schedule is chosen before the business determines acceptable data loss. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Business impact includes legal, safety, customer and operational harm beyond revenue. The governing distinction is: Business impact includes legal, safety, customer and operational harm beyond revenue.

D:

Operational resilience requires evaluation of common-mode dependencies. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Two data centers have separate buildings but share one telecom carrier and underground duct. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Business impact includes legal, safety, customer and operational harm beyond revenue. The governing distinction is: Business impact includes legal, safety, customer and operational harm beyond revenue.

Question 438

An IS auditor is preparing recommendations after reviewing this situation: After a new billing platform launches, unresolved temporary broad administrator permissions are treated as permanent. Which recommendation would BEST address the identified weakness?

  1. Recommend a proportionate emergency gate with tested rollback and follow-up review.
  2. Recommend removing unnecessary launch privileges and recording any approved residual risk.
  3. Recommend a cross-party program dashboard with escalated critical-path delays.
  4. Recommend a structured post-implementation review with improvement assignments.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Recommend removing unnecessary launch privileges and recording any approved residual risk. The relevant control principle is: Post-implementation assurance should confirm transition controls and residual exposures are closed. A meaningful follow-up should establish: Production access samples match steady-state roles and exception closure is evidenced.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Recommend a proportionate emergency gate with tested rollback and follow-up review. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An emergency patch goes live without a rollback plan or verification of required interfaces. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend removing unnecessary launch privileges and recording any approved residual risk. The governing distinction is: Post-implementation assurance should confirm transition controls and residual exposures are closed.

C:

Recommend a cross-party program dashboard with escalated critical-path delays. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A program steering committee receives status reports from one vendor but has no visibility into independent testing delays. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend removing unnecessary launch privileges and recording any approved residual risk. The governing distinction is: Post-implementation assurance should confirm transition controls and residual exposures are closed.

D:

Recommend a structured post-implementation review with improvement assignments. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A completed software project is archived without documenting incidents and change causes from the first operating month. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend removing unnecessary launch privileges and recording any approved residual risk. The governing distinction is: Post-implementation assurance should confirm transition controls and residual exposures are closed.

Question 439

An IS auditor is preparing recommendations after reviewing this situation: A supplier gives the audit team a third-party control report that expired before the review period. Which recommendation would BEST address the identified weakness?

  1. Obtain a reproducible system-generated extract and corroborate key entries independently.
  2. Present a concise prioritized executive summary with detailed workpapers available on request.
  3. Correct the query's grain and validate exceptions against original records.
  4. Seek bridge evidence and separately test any material uncovered period or control.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Seek bridge evidence and separately test any material uncovered period or control. The relevant control principle is: Service-provider assurance must cover the actual period and relevant control objectives. A meaningful follow-up should establish: Assurance evidence spans the review period without unexplained reliance gaps.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Obtain a reproducible system-generated extract and corroborate key entries independently. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A system owner provides a screenshot of an access list without a timestamp or source-system identification. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Seek bridge evidence and separately test any material uncovered period or control. The governing distinction is: Service-provider assurance must cover the actual period and relevant control objectives.

B:

Present a concise prioritized executive summary with detailed workpapers available on request. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A board report includes hundreds of raw test details but fails to distinguish enterprise-critical findings. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Seek bridge evidence and separately test any material uncovered period or control. The governing distinction is: Service-provider assurance must cover the actual period and relevant control objectives.

C:

Correct the query's grain and validate exceptions against original records. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An audit query joins employee and privilege tables but mistakenly duplicates rows for users with multiple roles. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Seek bridge evidence and separately test any material uncovered period or control. The governing distinction is: Service-provider assurance must cover the actual period and relevant control objectives.

Question 440

An IS auditor evaluates this situation: A DLP tool blocks confidential document attachments but ignores similar files uploaded through approved web browsers. Which audit principle MOST directly applies to this situation?

  1. Incident governance should define regulatory communication and accountable legal decisions.
  2. Exfiltration control assessment should cover relevant channels, not only email.
  3. Data loss controls should be tied to classification, legitimate purpose and authorized exfiltration paths.
  4. Shared wireless credentials weaken accountability and reliable offboarding.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Exfiltration control assessment should cover relevant channels, not only email. The corresponding audit procedure is: Map sensitive data flows, network egress methods and endpoint/browser policy enforcement.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Incident governance should define regulatory communication and accountable legal decisions. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An organization discovers a reportable personal-data breach but no one knows who can authorize external notification. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Exfiltration control assessment should cover relevant channels, not only email. The governing distinction is: Exfiltration control assessment should cover relevant channels, not only email.

C:

Data loss controls should be tied to classification, legitimate purpose and authorized exfiltration paths. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A customer service portal allows employees to export unrestricted copies of all customer identity documents. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Exfiltration control assessment should cover relevant channels, not only email. The governing distinction is: Exfiltration control assessment should cover relevant channels, not only email.

D:

Shared wireless credentials weaken accountability and reliable offboarding. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A branch wireless network uses a shared password disclosed to vendors and former employees. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Exfiltration control assessment should cover relevant channels, not only email. The governing distinction is: Exfiltration control assessment should cover relevant channels, not only email.

Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) Practice Tests