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Isaca CISA Practice Test 18

Question 170

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: A chief information officer asks the audit lead to remove a supported high-risk finding before it reaches the audit committee. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. Relevant events match across trusted sources and retention controls prevent undetected alteration.
  2. The issued report contains an evidence-grounded assessment and documented management response.
  3. A reviewer uninvolved in the original configuration signs off on workpapers and the conflict disposition.
  4. Known test events appear and processing totals reconcile after ingestion recovery.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The issued report contains an evidence-grounded assessment and documented management response. It addresses is audit standards, guidelines, and codes of ethics. Underlying audit concern: Professional independence requires reporting supported risk conclusions despite management preferences.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Relevant events match across trusted sources and retention controls prevent undetected alteration. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A vendor's audit log is editable by the same administrator whose changes are under investigation. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: The issued report contains an evidence-grounded assessment and documented management response. The governing distinction is: Professional independence requires reporting supported risk conclusions despite management preferences.

C:

A reviewer uninvolved in the original configuration signs off on workpapers and the conflict disposition. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An internal auditor helped configure the privileged-access system now scheduled for an assurance review. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: The issued report contains an evidence-grounded assessment and documented management response. The governing distinction is: Professional independence requires reporting supported risk conclusions despite management preferences.

D:

Known test events appear and processing totals reconcile after ingestion recovery. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A continuous monitoring dashboard reports zero failed access attempts because its collection job stopped three days ago. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: The issued report contains an evidence-grounded assessment and documented management response. The governing distinction is: Professional independence requires reporting supported risk conclusions despite management preferences.

Question 171

Before reaching an audit conclusion, consider: A transaction platform runs at high average CPU and has no measured headroom for seasonal spikes. Which evidence should the auditor review FIRST to evaluate this risk?

  1. Review approved retention rules, system purge settings, storage capacity and sampled history.
  2. Inspect route tables, protocol dependencies, vendor support and test evidence.
  3. Review peak transaction load, resource saturation, forecasts and failure reserves.
  4. Map DNS architecture, cache behavior, alternate paths and outage records.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Review peak transaction load, resource saturation, forecasts and failure reserves. The governing principle is: Capacity planning must account for peak demand, growth and degraded operation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Review approved retention rules, system purge settings, storage capacity and sampled history. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A financial application retains operational logs for only a week although investigation rules require six months. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Review peak transaction load, resource saturation, forecasts and failure reserves. The governing distinction is: Capacity planning must account for peak demand, growth and degraded operation.

B:

Inspect route tables, protocol dependencies, vendor support and test evidence. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A network router is upgraded without identifying the legacy protocol needed by an older warehouse controller. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Review peak transaction load, resource saturation, forecasts and failure reserves. The governing distinction is: Capacity planning must account for peak demand, growth and degraded operation.

D:

Map DNS architecture, cache behavior, alternate paths and outage records. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A redundant web cluster shares one DNS resolver and becomes inaccessible when that resolver fails. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Review peak transaction load, resource saturation, forecasts and failure reserves. The governing distinction is: Capacity planning must account for peak demand, growth and degraded operation.

Question 172

An IS auditor is preparing recommendations after reviewing this situation: A new web checkout design addresses user experience but fails to define controls for unauthorized refund changes. Which recommendation would BEST address the identified weakness?

  1. Recommend removing unnecessary launch privileges and recording any approved residual risk.
  2. Recommend a full business case including operational costs and sensitivity analysis.
  3. Recommend preventive entitlement checks and independent monitoring in design acceptance criteria.
  4. Recommend end-to-end record reconciliation and disposition of transformation errors.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Recommend preventive entitlement checks and independent monitoring in design acceptance criteria. The relevant control principle is: Control requirements should be identified from business risk during system design. A meaningful follow-up should establish: Design tests reject unauthorized refunds and reconcile approved changes in records.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Recommend removing unnecessary launch privileges and recording any approved residual risk. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: After a new billing platform launches, unresolved temporary broad administrator permissions are treated as permanent. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend preventive entitlement checks and independent monitoring in design acceptance criteria. The governing distinction is: Control requirements should be identified from business risk during system design.

B:

Recommend a full business case including operational costs and sensitivity analysis. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An automation business case counts staff savings but omits new licenses, monitoring and transition costs. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend preventive entitlement checks and independent monitoring in design acceptance criteria. The governing distinction is: Control requirements should be identified from business risk during system design.

D:

Recommend end-to-end record reconciliation and disposition of transformation errors. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A data migration design encrypts transfers but does not detect missing or duplicated customer records. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend preventive entitlement checks and independent monitoring in design acceptance criteria. The governing distinction is: Control requirements should be identified from business risk during system design.

Question 173

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: A departed finance employee's account remains enabled in a payroll application after HR termination. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. Privileged actions map to authorized identities and shared credential use is restricted.
  2. Repeat infections decline and validated corrective controls remain effective.
  3. Untrusted office endpoints cannot administer sensors and default passwords no longer work.
  4. Sample departures lose relevant access within policy limits and retain auditable evidence.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Sample departures lose relevant access within policy limits and retain auditable evidence. It addresses identity and access management. Underlying audit concern: Identity lifecycle controls should promptly revoke access when authorization ends.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Privileged actions map to authorized identities and shared credential use is restricted. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Privileged database administrators routinely use shared root credentials without individual attribution. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Sample departures lose relevant access within policy limits and retain auditable evidence. The governing distinction is: Identity lifecycle controls should promptly revoke access when authorization ends.

B:

Repeat infections decline and validated corrective controls remain effective. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: After a malware outbreak is closed, identical infections recur because no root-cause or control improvement work is assigned. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Sample departures lose relevant access within policy limits and retain auditable evidence. The governing distinction is: Identity lifecycle controls should promptly revoke access when authorization ends.

C:

Untrusted office endpoints cannot administer sensors and default passwords no longer work. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Warehouse sensors retain factory passwords and are reachable from the corporate office LAN. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Sample departures lose relevant access within policy limits and retain auditable evidence. The governing distinction is: Identity lifecycle controls should promptly revoke access when authorization ends.

Question 174

An IS auditor evaluates this situation: Developers complete general security videos but continue committing cloud keys into source repositories. Which audit principle MOST directly applies to this situation?

  1. Preserving original evidence is essential for reliable investigation and potential legal use.
  2. Role-specific training and technical controls should address actual high-risk behaviors.
  3. Awareness effectiveness should be measured by behavior and risk reduction, not attendance alone.
  4. Electrical resilience depends on independence of power paths and verified failure domains.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Role-specific training and technical controls should address actual high-risk behaviors. The corresponding audit procedure is: Inspect code scans, leaked-secret events, training scope and remediation quality.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Preserving original evidence is essential for reliable investigation and potential legal use. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Security staff begin forensic analysis directly on a live original log file and overwrite timestamps. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Role-specific training and technical controls should address actual high-risk behaviors. The governing distinction is: Role-specific training and technical controls should address actual high-risk behaviors.

C:

Awareness effectiveness should be measured by behavior and risk reduction, not attendance alone. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Annual phishing training records show high completion but employees repeatedly submit credentials to simulated malicious sites. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Role-specific training and technical controls should address actual high-risk behaviors. The governing distinction is: Role-specific training and technical controls should address actual high-risk behaviors.

D:

Electrical resilience depends on independence of power paths and verified failure domains. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A data center's redundant power feeds terminate at the same upstream distribution panel. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Role-specific training and technical controls should address actual high-risk behaviors. The governing distinction is: Role-specific training and technical controls should address actual high-risk behaviors.

Question 175

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: After a new billing platform launches, unresolved temporary broad administrator permissions are treated as permanent. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. Production access samples match steady-state roles and exception closure is evidenced.
  2. Post-approval benefits can be compared with documented realistic financial assumptions.
  3. The project closure record includes validated benefits, outstanding risks and lessons implemented.
  4. Production permissions match reviewed baselines and exceptions have documented approval.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Production access samples match steady-state roles and exception closure is evidenced. It addresses post-implementation review. Underlying audit concern: Post-implementation assurance should confirm transition controls and residual exposures are closed.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Post-approval benefits can be compared with documented realistic financial assumptions. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An automation business case counts staff savings but omits new licenses, monitoring and transition costs. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Production access samples match steady-state roles and exception closure is evidenced. The governing distinction is: Post-implementation assurance should confirm transition controls and residual exposures are closed.

C:

The project closure record includes validated benefits, outstanding risks and lessons implemented. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A completed software project is archived without documenting incidents and change causes from the first operating month. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Production access samples match steady-state roles and exception closure is evidenced. The governing distinction is: Post-implementation assurance should confirm transition controls and residual exposures are closed.

D:

Production permissions match reviewed baselines and exceptions have documented approval. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A production release changes database permissions manually after the reviewed deployment package was approved. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Production access samples match steady-state roles and exception closure is evidenced. The governing distinction is: Post-implementation assurance should confirm transition controls and residual exposures are closed.

Question 176

An IS auditor is preparing recommendations after reviewing this situation: A call center continuity binder lists alternate desks but employees cannot access the customer service application from that location. Which recommendation would BEST address the identified weakness?

  1. Recommend an updated stakeholder communication plan and verification schedule.
  2. Recommend end-to-end alternate-site exercises and remediation of service-access gaps.
  3. Recommend auditable emergency change controls with post-implementation oversight.
  4. Recommend an EUC registry, approved connectors and security review before production use.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Recommend end-to-end alternate-site exercises and remediation of service-access gaps. The relevant control principle is: Continuity plans must integrate people, facilities, technology and business processes. A meaningful follow-up should establish: Trained staff complete representative customer calls from the alternate site.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Recommend an updated stakeholder communication plan and verification schedule. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A regional outage exercise reveals that business partners were never included in the communications tree. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend end-to-end alternate-site exercises and remediation of service-access gaps. The governing distinction is: Continuity plans must integrate people, facilities, technology and business processes.

C:

Recommend auditable emergency change controls with post-implementation oversight. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An urgent firewall change is deployed without a ticket and later cannot be attributed to an approver. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend end-to-end alternate-site exercises and remediation of service-access gaps. The governing distinction is: Continuity plans must integrate people, facilities, technology and business processes.

D:

Recommend an EUC registry, approved connectors and security review before production use. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A department builds a low-code workflow that sends customer data to an unknown external connector. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend end-to-end alternate-site exercises and remediation of service-access gaps. The governing distinction is: Continuity plans must integrate people, facilities, technology and business processes.

Question 177

An IS auditor is preparing recommendations after reviewing this situation: An IT inventory lists hundreds of production servers without owners or support end dates. Which recommendation would BEST address the identified weakness?

  1. Recommend resilient name resolution and failure testing for critical client access.
  2. Recommend impact analysis and coordinated release testing for dependent services.
  3. Recommend ongoing entitlement reconciliation tied to lifecycle change controls.
  4. Recommend a reconciled inventory with ownership and lifecycle attributes.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Recommend a reconciled inventory with ownership and lifecycle attributes. The relevant control principle is: Effective inventory management supports accountable maintenance, security and lifecycle decisions. A meaningful follow-up should establish: Unowned and unsupported assets are identified and assigned timely disposition.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Recommend resilient name resolution and failure testing for critical client access. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A redundant web cluster shares one DNS resolver and becomes inaccessible when that resolver fails. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend a reconciled inventory with ownership and lifecycle attributes. The governing distinction is: Effective inventory management supports accountable maintenance, security and lifecycle decisions.

B:

Recommend impact analysis and coordinated release testing for dependent services. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A routine database update causes outages because no dependency assessment included reporting services. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend a reconciled inventory with ownership and lifecycle attributes. The governing distinction is: Effective inventory management supports accountable maintenance, security and lifecycle decisions.

C:

Recommend ongoing entitlement reconciliation tied to lifecycle change controls. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A company continues paying software maintenance for applications deleted during a consolidation. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend a reconciled inventory with ownership and lifecycle attributes. The governing distinction is: Effective inventory management supports accountable maintenance, security and lifecycle decisions.

Question 178

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: A SOC receives repeated login alerts but does not correlate them with high-value account privilege changes. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. A safe combined test creates a prioritized alert with adequate investigation context.
  2. Expired indicators are retired and material active threats remain detectable.
  3. Approved staff retrieve only necessary records and excessive exports are flagged or blocked.
  4. Sample departures lose relevant access within policy limits and retain auditable evidence.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

A safe combined test creates a prioritized alert with adequate investigation context. It addresses security monitoring tools and techniques. Underlying audit concern: Security monitoring should correlate relevant signals into actionable risk scenarios.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Expired indicators are retired and material active threats remain detectable. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A threat-intelligence feed generates blocks for obsolete indicators without regular relevance review. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: A safe combined test creates a prioritized alert with adequate investigation context. The governing distinction is: Security monitoring should correlate relevant signals into actionable risk scenarios.

C:

Approved staff retrieve only necessary records and excessive exports are flagged or blocked. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A customer service portal allows employees to export unrestricted copies of all customer identity documents. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: A safe combined test creates a prioritized alert with adequate investigation context. The governing distinction is: Security monitoring should correlate relevant signals into actionable risk scenarios.

D:

Sample departures lose relevant access within policy limits and retain auditable evidence. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A departed finance employee's account remains enabled in a payroll application after HR termination. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: A safe combined test creates a prioritized alert with adequate investigation context. The governing distinction is: Security monitoring should correlate relevant signals into actionable risk scenarios.

Question 179

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: An organization discovers a reportable personal-data breach but no one knows who can authorize external notification. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. Exercises demonstrate timely threat isolation while maintaining essential care pathways.
  2. A tabletop triggers authorized decisions and compliant notices within required timeframes.
  3. The report links each claimed outcome to reproducible evidence and approved scope.
  4. Reviews identify inappropriate entitlements and revocation actions complete promptly.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A tabletop triggers authorized decisions and compliant notices within required timeframes. It addresses security incident response management. Underlying audit concern: Incident governance should define regulatory communication and accountable legal decisions.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Exercises demonstrate timely threat isolation while maintaining essential care pathways. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A security team isolates a suspicious server without informing its critical care business owner, interrupting clinical operations. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: A tabletop triggers authorized decisions and compliant notices within required timeframes. The governing distinction is: Incident governance should define regulatory communication and accountable legal decisions.

C:

The report links each claimed outcome to reproducible evidence and approved scope. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A red-team exercise reports success based on one simulated phishing click without demonstrating access or business impact. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: A tabletop triggers authorized decisions and compliant notices within required timeframes. The governing distinction is: Incident governance should define regulatory communication and accountable legal decisions.

D:

Reviews identify inappropriate entitlements and revocation actions complete promptly. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A quarterly access certification is completed by a system administrator who cannot identify the employees' current business responsibilities. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: A tabletop triggers authorized decisions and compliant notices within required timeframes. The governing distinction is: Incident governance should define regulatory communication and accountable legal decisions.

Question 180

An IS auditor is preparing recommendations after reviewing this situation: An internal support agreement omits escalation responsibilities for incidents spanning two suppliers. Which recommendation would BEST address the identified weakness?

  1. Recommend periodic configuration item reconciliation and owner attestation.
  2. Recommend an integrated support model with named owners and escalation milestones.
  3. Recommend sustained remediation, contingency planning and governance escalation.
  4. Recommend failure-aware scheduling, controlled restart and exception escalation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Recommend an integrated support model with named owners and escalation milestones. The relevant control principle is: Service-level oversight requires end-to-end responsibility and dispute or escalation paths. A meaningful follow-up should establish: A cross-vendor incident reaches an accountable resolver and meets agreed response rules.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Recommend periodic configuration item reconciliation and owner attestation. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A configuration database lists a retired server as the active owner of a production application. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend an integrated support model with named owners and escalation milestones. The governing distinction is: Service-level oversight requires end-to-end responsibility and dispute or escalation paths.

C:

Recommend sustained remediation, contingency planning and governance escalation. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A data processing vendor consistently misses recovery times but management pays service credits without correcting the cause. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend an integrated support model with named owners and escalation milestones. The governing distinction is: Service-level oversight requires end-to-end responsibility and dispute or escalation paths.

D:

Recommend failure-aware scheduling, controlled restart and exception escalation. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A nightly settlement batch fails halfway but the scheduler marks the entire chain successful. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend an integrated support model with named owners and escalation milestones. The governing distinction is: Service-level oversight requires end-to-end responsibility and dispute or escalation paths.

Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) Practice Tests