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ISC CISSP Practice Test 89

Question 880

A project chooses an open-source authentication library whose license conflicts with the company's commercial redistribution model. A designer proposes: Use the library without license review because source code is freely downloadable. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. Transport encryption does not govern provider access, retention or secondary processing.
  2. Maintenance gaps change operational choices beyond original licensing review.
  3. Outsourced processing creates privacy and third-party risks requiring defined governance.
  4. Public accessibility does not waive copyright or open-source license terms.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Public accessibility does not waive copyright or open-source license terms. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is a limitation elsewhere: A hospital sends protected health data to a new AI-powered managed analytics service without understanding subprocessor access. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

B:

This explains a later shift in requirements (A vulnerability in the approved library is published without an upstream patch.), not the failure of the current proposal.

C:

This is an advantage of another design (Assess vendor agreements, data use limits, retention, cross-border flows and supplier security before onboarding.), not the particular flaw of Use the library without license review because source code is freely downloadable.

Question 881

A project chooses an open-source authentication library whose license conflicts with the company's commercial redistribution model. The organization has now implemented this response: Perform legal license and security maintenance review before incorporating the component. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. Contract tests and due-diligence evidence establish update and notification commitments.
  2. Provider reviews map data uses and subprocessors to approved restrictions and evidence.
  3. An approved change ticket for Perform legal license and security maintenance review before incorporating the component. without a completed verification result.
  4. A recorded approval maps component license requirements to planned product distribution.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

A recorded approval maps component license requirements to planned product distribution. This validates that software acquisition decisions include obligations to distribute, attribute and maintain code.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: An enterprise buys a commercial off-the-shelf payroll tool whose support contract lacks vulnerability handling or security update terms.

B:

This other observation is relevant to: A hospital sends protected health data to a new AI-powered managed analytics service without understanding subprocessor access.

C:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is A recorded approval maps component license requirements to planned product distribution.

Question 882

A previous security situation was: A project chooses an open-source authentication library whose license conflicts with the company's commercial redistribution model. Now the requirement changes: A vulnerability in the approved library is published without an upstream patch. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Perform legal license and security maintenance review before incorporating the component.
  2. Use the library without license review because source code is freely downloadable.
  3. A recorded approval maps component license requirements to planned product distribution.
  4. Evaluate forking, mitigation or replacement based on technical and legal risk.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Maintenance gaps change operational choices beyond original licensing review. The revised action is Evaluate forking, mitigation or replacement based on technical and legal risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Software acquisition decisions include obligations to distribute, attribute and maintain code. It does not directly meet the new condition.

B:

This remains inappropriate: Public accessibility does not waive copyright or open-source license terms.

C:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: A recorded approval maps component license requirements to planned product distribution.

Question 883

A hospital sends protected health data to a new AI-powered managed analytics service without understanding subprocessor access. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Require a new legal basis, purpose review and explicit authorization before any training use.
  2. Perform legal license and security maintenance review before incorporating the component.
  3. Assess vendor agreements, data use limits, retention, cross-border flows and supplier security before onboarding.
  4. Assume encryption in transit means the provider cannot see or use data after arrival.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Outsourced processing creates privacy and third-party risks requiring defined governance. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is appropriate for a later condition (The vendor requests expanded use of identifiable data to retrain a model.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Model training is a new processing purpose, not automatically covered by original analytics access.

B:

This response addresses a different condition: A project chooses an open-source authentication library whose license conflicts with the company's commercial redistribution model. The present case requires the measure described by Assess vendor agreements, data use limits, retention, cross-border flows and supplier security before onboarding.

D:

Transport encryption does not govern provider access, retention or secondary processing. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

Question 884

A hospital sends protected health data to a new AI-powered managed analytics service without understanding subprocessor access. A designer proposes: Assume encryption in transit means the provider cannot see or use data after arrival. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. Model training is a new processing purpose, not automatically covered by original analytics access.
  2. COTS procurement must account for ongoing vulnerability and supplier response capability.
  3. Transport encryption does not govern provider access, retention or secondary processing.
  4. Buyer obligations for data and configuration remain regardless of licensing.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Transport encryption does not govern provider access, retention or secondary processing. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This explains a later shift in requirements (The vendor requests expanded use of identifiable data to retrain a model.), not the failure of the current proposal.

B:

This is an advantage of another design (Assess vendor support, incident obligations, update cadence and protected data flows before acquisition.), not the particular flaw of Assume encryption in transit means the provider cannot see or use data after arrival.

D:

This is a limitation elsewhere: An enterprise buys a commercial off-the-shelf payroll tool whose support contract lacks vulnerability handling or security update terms. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

Question 885

A hospital sends protected health data to a new AI-powered managed analytics service without understanding subprocessor access. The team must implement a defensible safeguard AND demonstrate that it works. Which TWO entries form that control-and-evidence pair? (Select TWO.)

  1. Provider reviews map data uses and subprocessors to approved restrictions and evidence.
  2. Assume encryption in transit means the provider cannot see or use data after arrival.
  3. Require a new legal basis, purpose review and explicit authorization before any training use.
  4. Perform legal license and security maintenance review before incorporating the component.
  5. Assess vendor agreements, data use limits, retention, cross-border flows and supplier security before onboarding.

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

Correct verification. The specific evidence is: Provider reviews map data uses and subprocessors to approved restrictions and evidence.

E:

Correct control. Outsourced processing creates privacy and third-party risks requiring defined governance.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Transport encryption does not govern provider access, retention or secondary processing.

C:

This concerns a later and different need: The vendor requests expanded use of identifiable data to retrain a model. Model training is a new processing purpose, not automatically covered by original analytics access.

D:

The proposed control fits another scenario: A project chooses an open-source authentication library whose license conflicts with the company's commercial redistribution model. It does not directly address this scenario's primary requirement.

Question 886

An application constructs customer lookup SQL by concatenating attacker-controlled input into the query string. Which recommendation should the security leader make FIRST to address the stated objective?

  1. Negative tests with SQL metacharacters confirm values are bound as data and cannot alter query structure.
  2. Apply context-aware output encoding and restrictive browser controls for displayed untrusted content.
  3. Use parameterized queries with separate bound variables and least-privileged database access.
  4. Escape only the quote character and concatenate the remaining untrusted input.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Prepared statements separate query structure from supplied values, reducing injection risk. The scenario is: An application constructs customer lookup SQL by concatenating attacker-controlled input into the query string.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is useful evidence after implementation, rather than the FIRST recommended decision for this objective. Negative tests with SQL metacharacters confirm values are bound as data and cannot alter query structure.

B:

This addresses a distinct subsequent requirement: A separate feature displays untrusted user comments as HTML inside other users' browsers. The changed vulnerability is cross-site scripting in HTML output, not SQL query construction.

D:

Ad hoc escaping is fragile across encodings and query contexts and may preserve injection paths. The rejected action is: Escape only the quote character and concatenate the remaining untrusted input.

Question 887

An application constructs customer lookup SQL by concatenating attacker-controlled input into the query string. A colleague instead proposes: "Escape only the quote character and concatenate the remaining untrusted input." Which finding BEST explains why the proposal should be rejected?

  1. It is inadequate only because of a different later condition: A separate feature displays untrusted user comments as HTML inside other users' browsers.
  2. No evidence or governance records should be retained when evaluating this 8.5 decision.
  3. Ad hoc escaping is fragile across encodings and query contexts and may preserve injection paths.
  4. Its only deficiency is a missing executive signature, even if the design still fails the stated requirement.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Ad hoc escaping is fragile across encodings and query contexts and may preserve injection paths. This directly invalidates the proposed action: Escape only the quote character and concatenate the remaining untrusted input.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The subsequent circumstance is separate and does not explain why this proposed action fails the initial case. The changed vulnerability is cross-site scripting in HTML output, not SQL query construction.

B:

Destroying records would weaken oversight and cannot remedy the immediate technical or governance flaw: Ad hoc escaping is fragile across encodings and query contexts and may preserve injection paths.

D:

Approval alone cannot fix the specific weakness: Ad hoc escaping is fragile across encodings and query contexts and may preserve injection paths.

Question 888

An application constructs customer lookup SQL by concatenating attacker-controlled input into the query string. After implementing "Use parameterized queries with separate bound variables and least-privileged database access.", what evidence BEST demonstrates that the intended security outcome is functioning?

  1. A declaration that no incident has been reported, without exercising the relevant control.
  2. A meeting record that the alternate design "Apply context-aware output encoding and restrictive browser controls for displayed untrusted content." was discussed but never tested.
  3. Negative tests with SQL metacharacters confirm values are bound as data and cannot alter query structure.
  4. A note proposing to test this exact 8.5 measure in a future quarter.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Negative tests with SQL metacharacters confirm values are bound as data and cannot alter query structure. This verifies the original requirement because prepared statements separate query structure from supplied values, reducing injection risk.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Absence of reported incidents is not a controlled validation of the requirement. A stronger proof is: Negative tests with SQL metacharacters confirm values are bound as data and cannot alter query structure.

B:

Discussion of a different design does not demonstrate the deployed control. The changed vulnerability is cross-site scripting in HTML output, not SQL query construction.

D:

An unexecuted future plan does not prove current effectiveness for the stated 8.5 objective. The evidence should include: Negative tests with SQL metacharacters confirm values are bound as data and cannot alter query structure.

Question 889

The organization previously faced this problem: An application constructs customer lookup SQL by concatenating attacker-controlled input into the query string. Its requirement then changes: A separate feature displays untrusted user comments as HTML inside other users' browsers. Which revised action BEST meets the new requirement?

  1. Escape only the quote character and concatenate the remaining untrusted input.
  2. Keep the original 8.5 policy unchanged, and defer the newly identified requirement without a risk decision.
  3. Apply context-aware output encoding and restrictive browser controls for displayed untrusted content.
  4. Use parameterized queries with separate bound variables and least-privileged database access.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The changed vulnerability is cross-site scripting in HTML output, not SQL query construction. The appropriate revised action is: Apply context-aware output encoding and restrictive browser controls for displayed untrusted content.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The earlier rejected approach remains inappropriate. Ad hoc escaping is fragile across encodings and query contexts and may preserve injection paths.

B:

The new requirement needs an accountable response, not automatic deferral. The changed vulnerability is cross-site scripting in HTML output, not SQL query construction.

D:

This addresses the original situation: Prepared statements separate query structure from supplied values, reducing injection risk. It does not directly meet the changed requirement: A separate feature displays untrusted user comments as HTML inside other users' browsers.

Question 890

A public API uses user-controlled path segments to read files directly from a shared storage directory. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Enforce safe storage names, media validation and isolated upload processing.
  2. Apply proper contextual output encoding and appropriate browser defenses at the rendering boundary.
  3. Canonicalize and validate paths against an approved base directory with least-privilege file access.
  4. Strip only the literal substring './' from the request and trust all remaining input.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Path traversal can escape intended directories even when file names appear harmless. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is appropriate for a later condition (A new feature allows users to upload documents to the same service.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Upload handling adds content and execution risk beyond file path access.

B:

This response addresses a different condition: A web application echoes stored user profile text into HTML attributes without context-aware encoding. The present case requires the measure described by Canonicalize and validate paths against an approved base directory with least-privilege file access.

D:

Alternate encodings and path forms can bypass simplistic string filtering. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) Practice Tests