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ISC CISSP Practice Test 50

Question 490

A call center uses knowledge-based questions to enroll remote customers into accounts holding financial balances. A designer proposes: Approve an applicant because they know an address and birth date from leaked records. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. Knowledge of personal data does not establish rightful identity ownership.
  2. Shared static credentials have broad blast radius and are hard to attribute or rotate.
  3. Account recovery must not undermine initial proofing assurance.
  4. Service identities should avoid persistent user-like secrets and allow precise revocation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Knowledge of personal data does not establish rightful identity ownership. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This is a limitation elsewhere: An IAM project uses passwords for every service identity in automated pipelines with long expiry and broad sharing. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

C:

This explains a later shift in requirements (Existing customers then need secure account recovery after losing devices.), not the failure of the current proposal.

D:

This is an advantage of another design (Use workload identities or managed short-lived credentials scoped to specific services.), not the particular flaw of Approve an applicant because they know an address and birth date from leaked records.

Question 491

A call center uses knowledge-based questions to enroll remote customers into accounts holding financial balances. The organization has now implemented this response: Use risk-based identity proofing that validates evidence and binds the applicant to the enrolled identity. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. Fraud simulation rejects impostors with stolen biographical answers and records verification steps.
  2. A session test confirms appropriate federation, reauthentication and revocation behavior.
  3. Audit shows owner identity verification, approvals and alerts for each factor change.
  4. An approved change ticket for Use risk-based identity proofing that validates evidence and binds the applicant to the enrolled identity. without a completed verification result.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Fraud simulation rejects impostors with stolen biographical answers and records verification steps. This validates that publicly discoverable facts and static questions are weak identity verification.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A company wants SSO but its applications still prompt for passwords independently and preserve separate sessions after logout.

C:

This other observation is relevant to: A privileged account system permits administrators to add their own authenticators without a second-party review.

D:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Fraud simulation rejects impostors with stolen biographical answers and records verification steps.

Question 492

A previous security situation was: A call center uses knowledge-based questions to enroll remote customers into accounts holding financial balances. Now the requirement changes: Existing customers then need secure account recovery after losing devices. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Use a separately verified recovery process with high-assurance identity checks.
  2. Use risk-based identity proofing that validates evidence and binds the applicant to the enrolled identity.
  3. Approve an applicant because they know an address and birth date from leaked records.
  4. Fraud simulation rejects impostors with stolen biographical answers and records verification steps.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Account recovery must not undermine initial proofing assurance. The revised action is Use a separately verified recovery process with high-assurance identity checks.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Publicly discoverable facts and static questions are weak identity verification. It does not directly meet the new condition.

C:

This remains inappropriate: Knowledge of personal data does not establish rightful identity ownership.

D:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Fraud simulation rejects impostors with stolen biographical answers and records verification steps.

Question 493

A finance company mandates MFA but allows attackers to approve repeated push prompts until a tired user accepts. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Send more identical unsolicited push prompts until the user responds.
  2. Adopt approved origin-bound passkeys with device and recovery governance.
  3. Use workload identities or managed short-lived credentials scoped to specific services.
  4. Use phishing-resistant factors or number matching plus rate limits and prompt-abuse detection.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Push fatigue can induce authorization even when a second factor is technically present. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Repeated prompts increase social engineering pressure and do not bind to intended login. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

B:

This is appropriate for a later condition (Executives need passwordless authentication for high-impact applications.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Passwordless design reduces phishable shared secrets while requiring secure enrollment.

C:

This response addresses a different condition: An IAM project uses passwords for every service identity in automated pipelines with long expiry and broad sharing. The present case requires the measure described by Use phishing-resistant factors or number matching plus rate limits and prompt-abuse detection.

Question 494

A finance company mandates MFA but allows attackers to approve repeated push prompts until a tired user accepts. A designer proposes: Send more identical unsolicited push prompts until the user responds. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. Password consolidation without protection creates a severe shared secret exposure.
  2. Passwordless design reduces phishable shared secrets while requiring secure enrollment.
  3. Single sign-on should reduce credential proliferation while still managing session lifecycle risks.
  4. Repeated prompts increase social engineering pressure and do not bind to intended login.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Repeated prompts increase social engineering pressure and do not bind to intended login. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is a limitation elsewhere: A company wants SSO but its applications still prompt for passwords independently and preserve separate sessions after logout. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

B:

This explains a later shift in requirements (Executives need passwordless authentication for high-impact applications.), not the failure of the current proposal.

C:

This is an advantage of another design (Design federated authentication with coherent session policies and evaluated logout behavior.), not the particular flaw of Send more identical unsolicited push prompts until the user responds.

Question 495

A finance company mandates MFA but allows attackers to approve repeated push prompts until a tired user accepts. The team must implement a defensible safeguard AND demonstrate that it works. Which TWO entries form that control-and-evidence pair? (Select TWO.)

  1. Unsolicited prompt bursts are stopped and suspicious authentication attempts investigated.
  2. Send more identical unsolicited push prompts until the user responds.
  3. Adopt approved origin-bound passkeys with device and recovery governance.
  4. Limit session lifetime, protect token storage, detect anomalies and revoke on account risk events.
  5. Use phishing-resistant factors or number matching plus rate limits and prompt-abuse detection.

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

Correct verification. The specific evidence is: Unsolicited prompt bursts are stopped and suspicious authentication attempts investigated.

E:

Correct control. Push fatigue can induce authorization even when a second factor is technically present.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Repeated prompts increase social engineering pressure and do not bind to intended login.

C:

This concerns a later and different need: Executives need passwordless authentication for high-impact applications. Passwordless design reduces phishable shared secrets while requiring secure enrollment.

D:

The proposed control fits another scenario: A customer support portal treats successful possession of a bearer session token as permanent identity proof for months. It does not directly address this scenario's primary requirement.

Question 496

A previous security situation was: A finance company mandates MFA but allows attackers to approve repeated push prompts until a tired user accepts. Now the requirement changes: Executives need passwordless authentication for high-impact applications. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Use phishing-resistant factors or number matching plus rate limits and prompt-abuse detection.
  2. Send more identical unsolicited push prompts until the user responds.
  3. Unsolicited prompt bursts are stopped and suspicious authentication attempts investigated.
  4. Adopt approved origin-bound passkeys with device and recovery governance.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Passwordless design reduces phishable shared secrets while requiring secure enrollment. The revised action is Adopt approved origin-bound passkeys with device and recovery governance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Push fatigue can induce authorization even when a second factor is technically present. It does not directly meet the new condition.

B:

This remains inappropriate: Repeated prompts increase social engineering pressure and do not bind to intended login.

C:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Unsolicited prompt bursts are stopped and suspicious authentication attempts investigated.

Question 497

An IAM project uses passwords for every service identity in automated pipelines with long expiry and broad sharing. What should the security manager recommend as the MOST appropriate response to the current requirement?

  1. Use a purpose-specific cross-tenant role assumption with bounded trust and expiration.
  2. Design federated authentication with coherent session policies and evaluated logout behavior.
  3. Use workload identities or managed short-lived credentials scoped to specific services.
  4. Embed one permanent administration password into every pipeline configuration.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Service identities should avoid persistent user-like secrets and allow precise revocation. This directly addresses the stated situation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This is appropriate for a later condition (A pipeline runner must access a separate cloud tenant temporarily.), but it does not directly resolve the initial need. Temporary federated workload access extends identity scope without distributing lasting keys.

B:

This response addresses a different condition: A company wants SSO but its applications still prompt for passwords independently and preserve separate sessions after logout. The present case requires the measure described by Use workload identities or managed short-lived credentials scoped to specific services.

D:

Shared static credentials have broad blast radius and are hard to attribute or rotate. The proposal would not be defensible for this case.

Question 498

An IAM project uses passwords for every service identity in automated pipelines with long expiry and broad sharing. A designer proposes: Embed one permanent administration password into every pipeline configuration. What is the MOST significant security deficiency in this proposal?

  1. Temporary federated workload access extends identity scope without distributing lasting keys.
  2. Tokens can be stolen or remain valid long after user circumstances change.
  3. Shared static credentials have broad blast radius and are hard to attribute or rotate.
  4. Initial authentication does not guarantee perpetual legitimacy of bearer tokens.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Shared static credentials have broad blast radius and are hard to attribute or rotate. This is the direct weakness in the proposed action.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This explains a later shift in requirements (A pipeline runner must access a separate cloud tenant temporarily.), not the failure of the current proposal.

B:

This is an advantage of another design (Limit session lifetime, protect token storage, detect anomalies and revoke on account risk events.), not the particular flaw of Embed one permanent administration password into every pipeline configuration.

D:

This is a limitation elsewhere: A customer support portal treats successful possession of a bearer session token as permanent identity proof for months. It does not explain the deficiency of the specified proposed approach.

Question 499

An IAM project uses passwords for every service identity in automated pipelines with long expiry and broad sharing. The organization has now implemented this response: Use workload identities or managed short-lived credentials scoped to specific services. Which observation would MOST directly demonstrate that the security objective was met?

  1. Unsolicited prompt bursts are stopped and suspicious authentication attempts investigated.
  2. An approved change ticket for Use workload identities or managed short-lived credentials scoped to specific services. without a completed verification result.
  3. Secrets inventory finds no embedded permanent admin passwords and token scopes are minimal.
  4. Audit shows owner identity verification, approvals and alerts for each factor change.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Secrets inventory finds no embedded permanent admin passwords and token scopes are minimal. This validates that service identities should avoid persistent user-like secrets and allow precise revocation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This other observation is relevant to: A finance company mandates MFA but allows attackers to approve repeated push prompts until a tired user accepts.

B:

An approved change without an executed test cannot prove operating effectiveness. The needed evidence is Secrets inventory finds no embedded permanent admin passwords and token scopes are minimal.

D:

This demonstrates controls in another circumstance: A privileged account system permits administrators to add their own authenticators without a second-party review.

Question 500

A previous security situation was: An IAM project uses passwords for every service identity in automated pipelines with long expiry and broad sharing. Now the requirement changes: A pipeline runner must access a separate cloud tenant temporarily. Which NEW action BEST answers the changed need?

  1. Embed one permanent administration password into every pipeline configuration.
  2. Secrets inventory finds no embedded permanent admin passwords and token scopes are minimal.
  3. Use a purpose-specific cross-tenant role assumption with bounded trust and expiration.
  4. Use workload identities or managed short-lived credentials scoped to specific services.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Temporary federated workload access extends identity scope without distributing lasting keys. The revised action is Use a purpose-specific cross-tenant role assumption with bounded trust and expiration.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This remains inappropriate: Shared static credentials have broad blast radius and are hard to attribute or rotate.

B:

This is a record of how the initial safeguard would be checked, not an action implementing the newly requested condition: Secrets inventory finds no embedded permanent admin passwords and token scopes are minimal.

D:

This is the appropriate response to the original situation: Service identities should avoid persistent user-like secrets and allow precise revocation. It does not directly meet the new condition.

Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) Practice Tests