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Isaca CISA Practice Test 31

Question 300

An IS auditor is preparing recommendations after reviewing this situation: A revoked supplier certificate remains trusted by an application because revocation checks are disabled. Which recommendation would BEST address the identified weakness?

  1. Recommend post-renewal service validation and alerting before expiry thresholds.
  2. Recommend appropriate revocation validation and monitored failure handling.
  3. Recommend controlled validation and risk-ranked remediation rather than blind closure.
  4. Recommend complementary least-privilege access, export monitoring and key governance.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Recommend appropriate revocation validation and monitored failure handling. The relevant control principle is: Certificate trust decisions should account for revocation and current validity requirements. A meaningful follow-up should establish: The application rejects a known revoked test certificate while accepting valid trusted peers.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Recommend post-renewal service validation and alerting before expiry thresholds. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An internal portal outage follows certificate expiration despite an automated renewal job that reported success. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend appropriate revocation validation and monitored failure handling. The governing distinction is: Certificate trust decisions should account for revocation and current validity requirements.

C:

Recommend controlled validation and risk-ranked remediation rather than blind closure. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A vulnerability scanner reports a critical web flaw but the service is behind a compensating control and no validation occurs. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend appropriate revocation validation and monitored failure handling. The governing distinction is: Certificate trust decisions should account for revocation and current validity requirements.

D:

Recommend complementary least-privilege access, export monitoring and key governance. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A database encrypts storage disks but application administrators can export plaintext sensitive records without monitoring. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend appropriate revocation validation and monitored failure handling. The governing distinction is: Certificate trust decisions should account for revocation and current validity requirements.

Question 301

Before reaching an audit conclusion, consider: A configuration database lists a retired server as the active owner of a production application. Which evidence should the auditor review FIRST to evaluate this risk?

  1. Compare schema limits, payload samples, rejected records and target field mapping.
  2. Reconcile automated discovery, service dependencies and change history.
  3. Compare SLA definitions, user-impacting incidents and critical application dependencies.
  4. Review vulnerability severity, exposed assets, patch schedules and documented deferrals.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Reconcile automated discovery, service dependencies and change history. The governing principle is: Configuration accuracy is necessary for impact analysis and controlled service changes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Compare schema limits, payload samples, rejected records and target field mapping. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An inventory API responds successfully while silently truncating long product descriptions during integration. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Reconcile automated discovery, service dependencies and change history. The governing distinction is: Configuration accuracy is necessary for impact analysis and controlled service changes.

C:

Compare SLA definitions, user-impacting incidents and critical application dependencies. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A supplier SLA measures network interface uptime while the business requires successful customer transactions. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Reconcile automated discovery, service dependencies and change history. The governing distinction is: Configuration accuracy is necessary for impact analysis and controlled service changes.

D:

Review vulnerability severity, exposed assets, patch schedules and documented deferrals. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A security patch is applied on test servers but production remains vulnerable for months without risk approval. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Reconcile automated discovery, service dependencies and change history. The governing distinction is: Configuration accuracy is necessary for impact analysis and controlled service changes.

Question 302

An IS auditor evaluates this situation: Two systems independently update the same customer address, producing unpredictable last-write results. Which audit principle MOST directly applies to this situation?

  1. Business impact analysis should prioritize services using documented impact over time.
  2. Continuity communication should address external dependencies and affected stakeholders.
  3. Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules.
  4. Reliable integration requires durable delivery, recovery and monitoring of unprocessed events.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules. The corresponding audit procedure is: Trace event timestamps, source authority, synchronization paths and mismatched records.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Business impact analysis should prioritize services using documented impact over time. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A continuity plan treats a rarely used test portal and a critical emergency dispatch system as equally urgent. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules. The governing distinction is: Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules.

B:

Continuity communication should address external dependencies and affected stakeholders. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A regional outage exercise reveals that business partners were never included in the communications tree. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules. The governing distinction is: Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules.

D:

Reliable integration requires durable delivery, recovery and monitoring of unprocessed events. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A cloud event bus drops messages during an outage and consuming systems never replay them. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules. The governing distinction is: Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules.

Question 303

Before reaching an audit conclusion, consider: A system owner provides a screenshot of an access list without a timestamp or source-system identification. Which evidence should the auditor review FIRST to evaluate this risk?

  1. Inspect account-change workflow, approver segregation and exception follow-up records.
  2. Inspect review notes, exception disposition, supervisor sign-offs and unresolved procedures.
  3. Check event forwarding, immutable storage controls, access logs and clock accuracy.
  4. Inspect extraction provenance, timestamps, privileges used and original system records.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Inspect extraction provenance, timestamps, privileges used and original system records. The governing principle is: Audit evidence reliability depends on source, integrity, relevance and timing.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Inspect account-change workflow, approver segregation and exception follow-up records. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A payroll system uses post-payment anomaly reports but has no approval requirement for changing bank accounts. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Inspect extraction provenance, timestamps, privileges used and original system records. The governing distinction is: Audit evidence reliability depends on source, integrity, relevance and timing.

B:

Inspect review notes, exception disposition, supervisor sign-offs and unresolved procedures. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An audit manager signs the report although a junior tester's exceptions have not received independent review. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Inspect extraction provenance, timestamps, privileges used and original system records. The governing distinction is: Audit evidence reliability depends on source, integrity, relevance and timing.

C:

Check event forwarding, immutable storage controls, access logs and clock accuracy. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A vendor's audit log is editable by the same administrator whose changes are under investigation. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Inspect extraction provenance, timestamps, privileges used and original system records. The governing distinction is: Audit evidence reliability depends on source, integrity, relevance and timing.

Question 304

Before reaching an audit conclusion, consider: A code review tool shows no vulnerabilities after analysts exclude the main authentication module from scanning. Which evidence should the auditor review FIRST to evaluate this risk?

  1. Review MDM coverage, token expiry, remote-wipe procedures and mailbox sessions.
  2. Define incident window, available provider logs, retention limits and relevant account events.
  3. Compare source inventory, tool scope exclusions, build artifacts and risk areas.
  4. Review exercise objectives, attack path evidence, scope rules and observed controls.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Compare source inventory, tool scope exclusions, build artifacts and risk areas. The governing principle is: Assessment conclusions depend on complete and relevant testing coverage.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Review MDM coverage, token expiry, remote-wipe procedures and mailbox sessions. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A lost employee phone still accesses confidential mail because device compliance and remote wipe were never enabled. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Compare source inventory, tool scope exclusions, build artifacts and risk areas. The governing distinction is: Assessment conclusions depend on complete and relevant testing coverage.

B:

Define incident window, available provider logs, retention limits and relevant account events. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A cloud incident investigator exports only the latest activity logs, omitting records from the suspected initial compromise. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Compare source inventory, tool scope exclusions, build artifacts and risk areas. The governing distinction is: Assessment conclusions depend on complete and relevant testing coverage.

D:

Review exercise objectives, attack path evidence, scope rules and observed controls. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A red-team exercise reports success based on one simulated phishing click without demonstrating access or business impact. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Compare source inventory, tool scope exclusions, build artifacts and risk areas. The governing distinction is: Assessment conclusions depend on complete and relevant testing coverage.

Question 305

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: Two systems independently update the same customer address, producing unpredictable last-write results. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. Full valid descriptions survive transfer and oversized payloads generate tracked exceptions.
  2. Unowned and unsupported assets are identified and assigned timely disposition.
  3. Every emergency deployment links to an accountable approver and completed review.
  4. Conflicting updates resolve consistently with an auditable business rule.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Conflicting updates resolve consistently with an auditable business rule. It addresses system interfaces. Underlying audit concern: Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Full valid descriptions survive transfer and oversized payloads generate tracked exceptions. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An inventory API responds successfully while silently truncating long product descriptions during integration. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Conflicting updates resolve consistently with an auditable business rule. The governing distinction is: Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules.

B:

Unowned and unsupported assets are identified and assigned timely disposition. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An IT inventory lists hundreds of production servers without owners or support end dates. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Conflicting updates resolve consistently with an auditable business rule. The governing distinction is: Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules.

C:

Every emergency deployment links to an accountable approver and completed review. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An urgent firewall change is deployed without a ticket and later cannot be attributed to an approver. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Conflicting updates resolve consistently with an auditable business rule. The governing distinction is: Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules.

Question 306

An IS auditor is preparing recommendations after reviewing this situation: An inventory API responds successfully while silently truncating long product descriptions during integration. Which recommendation would BEST address the identified weakness?

  1. Recommend input validation, exception handling and end-to-end reconciliation.
  2. Recommend an authoritative owner and controlled update conflict handling.
  3. Recommend impact analysis and coordinated release testing for dependent services.
  4. Recommend sustained remediation, contingency planning and governance escalation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Recommend input validation, exception handling and end-to-end reconciliation. The relevant control principle is: Interface testing must verify semantic accuracy and completeness, not only transport success. A meaningful follow-up should establish: Full valid descriptions survive transfer and oversized payloads generate tracked exceptions.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Recommend an authoritative owner and controlled update conflict handling. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Two systems independently update the same customer address, producing unpredictable last-write results. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend input validation, exception handling and end-to-end reconciliation. The governing distinction is: Interface testing must verify semantic accuracy and completeness, not only transport success.

C:

Recommend impact analysis and coordinated release testing for dependent services. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A routine database update causes outages because no dependency assessment included reporting services. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend input validation, exception handling and end-to-end reconciliation. The governing distinction is: Interface testing must verify semantic accuracy and completeness, not only transport success.

D:

Recommend sustained remediation, contingency planning and governance escalation. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A data processing vendor consistently misses recovery times but management pays service credits without correcting the cause. In the present case, the most directly relevant recommendation is: Recommend input validation, exception handling and end-to-end reconciliation. The governing distinction is: Interface testing must verify semantic accuracy and completeness, not only transport success.

Question 307

An IS auditor evaluates this situation: An attacker encrypts production files and online backups because both use the same compromised admin identity. Which audit principle MOST directly applies to this situation?

  1. Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules.
  2. Data protection must account for application consistency and in-flight transactions.
  3. Effective inventory management supports accountable maintenance, security and lifecycle decisions.
  4. Backup resilience needs separation and protected immutable or offline recovery copies.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Backup resilience needs separation and protected immutable or offline recovery copies. The corresponding audit procedure is: Inspect backup privilege boundaries, deletion rights and ransomware recovery design.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Interfaces need defined data ownership and conflict-resolution rules. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Two systems independently update the same customer address, producing unpredictable last-write results. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Backup resilience needs separation and protected immutable or offline recovery copies. The governing distinction is: Backup resilience needs separation and protected immutable or offline recovery copies.

B:

Data protection must account for application consistency and in-flight transactions. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A company copies database files nightly while transactions remain active, producing inconsistent backups. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Backup resilience needs separation and protected immutable or offline recovery copies. The governing distinction is: Backup resilience needs separation and protected immutable or offline recovery copies.

C:

Effective inventory management supports accountable maintenance, security and lifecycle decisions. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An IT inventory lists hundreds of production servers without owners or support end dates. In the present case, the most directly relevant principle is: Backup resilience needs separation and protected immutable or offline recovery copies. The governing distinction is: Backup resilience needs separation and protected immutable or offline recovery copies.

Question 308

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: A helpdesk repeatedly reopens application errors but closes each ticket without investigating a shared underlying defect. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. Active licenses, contract costs and actual deployments agree within documented exceptions.
  2. Repeated incidents decline after a verified fix and problem record closure.
  3. A sample transaction completes correctly and accountable users confirm recovery.
  4. Safety-critical services receive priority proportionate to validated harm.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Repeated incidents decline after a verified fix and problem record closure. It addresses problem and incident management. Underlying audit concern: Problem management seeks root causes and prevention of recurring incidents.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Active licenses, contract costs and actual deployments agree within documented exceptions. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A company continues paying software maintenance for applications deleted during a consolidation. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Repeated incidents decline after a verified fix and problem record closure. The governing distinction is: Problem management seeks root causes and prevention of recurring incidents.

C:

A sample transaction completes correctly and accountable users confirm recovery. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Operations declares an incident resolved because a server restarted, although business transactions remain stuck. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Repeated incidents decline after a verified fix and problem record closure. The governing distinction is: Problem management seeks root causes and prevention of recurring incidents.

D:

Safety-critical services receive priority proportionate to validated harm. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Continuity leadership bases recovery priorities on annual revenue only and ignores safety-critical low-volume services. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: Repeated incidents decline after a verified fix and problem record closure. The governing distinction is: Problem management seeks root causes and prevention of recurring incidents.

Question 309

Management reports that this issue has been corrected: A lost employee phone still accesses confidential mail because device compliance and remote wipe were never enabled. Which result would provide the STRONGEST assurance that the issue is corrected?

  1. Authentication source changes are within the scanned and independently reviewed scope.
  2. A lost-device simulation prevents continued corporate access without authorization.
  3. Untrusted office endpoints cannot administer sensors and default passwords no longer work.
  4. Dashboards distinguish policy existence from verified control performance.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

A lost-device simulation prevents continued corporate access without authorization. It addresses mobile, wireless, and internet-of-things devices. Underlying audit concern: Mobile management should enforce enrollment, encryption and revocation when devices are lost.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Authentication source changes are within the scanned and independently reviewed scope. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A code review tool shows no vulnerabilities after analysts exclude the main authentication module from scanning. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: A lost-device simulation prevents continued corporate access without authorization. The governing distinction is: Mobile management should enforce enrollment, encryption and revocation when devices are lost.

C:

Untrusted office endpoints cannot administer sensors and default passwords no longer work. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: Warehouse sensors retain factory passwords and are reachable from the corporate office LAN. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: A lost-device simulation prevents continued corporate access without authorization. The governing distinction is: Mobile management should enforce enrollment, encryption and revocation when devices are lost.

D:

Dashboards distinguish policy existence from verified control performance. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A compliance dashboard reports all policies published but does not measure whether their security controls operate. In the present case, the most directly relevant verification is: A lost-device simulation prevents continued corporate access without authorization. The governing distinction is: Mobile management should enforce enrollment, encryption and revocation when devices are lost.

Question 310

Before reaching an audit conclusion, consider: After a new billing platform launches, unresolved temporary broad administrator permissions are treated as permanent. Which evidence should the auditor review FIRST to evaluate this risk?

  1. Compare approved business case, operational metrics, costs and observed user experience.
  2. Compare original baseline, requested variations, impact estimates and approval records.
  3. Review privileged access, temporary exceptions, deployment checklist and risk acceptance.
  4. Examine backlog prioritization, definition of done, security tests and sprint acceptance.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Review privileged access, temporary exceptions, deployment checklist and risk acceptance. The governing principle is: Post-implementation assurance should confirm transition controls and residual exposures are closed.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Compare approved business case, operational metrics, costs and observed user experience. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A new HR system meets its technical go-live date but fails the promised reduction in onboarding time. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Review privileged access, temporary exceptions, deployment checklist and risk acceptance. The governing distinction is: Post-implementation assurance should confirm transition controls and residual exposures are closed.

B:

Compare original baseline, requested variations, impact estimates and approval records. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: A new enterprise resource planning program frequently expands requirements without cost, risk or schedule review. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Review privileged access, temporary exceptions, deployment checklist and risk acceptance. The governing distinction is: Post-implementation assurance should confirm transition controls and residual exposures are closed.

D:

Examine backlog prioritization, definition of done, security tests and sprint acceptance. This would be relevant to a different issue such as: An agile team delivers features every sprint but security stories are never included in the product backlog. In the present case, the most directly relevant audit step is: Review privileged access, temporary exceptions, deployment checklist and risk acceptance. The governing distinction is: Post-implementation assurance should confirm transition controls and residual exposures are closed.

Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) Practice Tests