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Linux Foundation KCNA Practice Test 68

Question 670

A container passes a basic vulnerability scan but lacks a verified supplier signature and deploys an unapproved build. Which evidence should the engineer inspect FIRST to distinguish the likely cause or verify the prerequisite?

  1. Review initContainers/sidecar restart behavior, shared volumes, localhost traffic and termination events.
  2. Compare imagePullPolicy, local image cache, registry digest, pull events and Pod imageID.
  3. Check resource namespace, role bindings, quotas and effective network enforcement across namespaces.
  4. Inspect SBOM package inventory, CVE applicability, signature validation and approved exception decisions.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Inspect SBOM package inventory, CVE applicability, signature validation and approved exception decisions. This is the most discriminating evidence for the described failure or requirement. A scanner's package detection is evidence of inventory, not automatically proof of exploitation or complete image trust. The corresponding implementation is: Evaluate image SBOMs, signed provenance and vulnerability reports before production promotion, separating detected packages from reachable risk. Workload context: A container passes a basic vulnerability scan but lacks a verified supplier signature and deploys an unapproved build.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Review initContainers/sidecar restart behavior, shared volumes, localhost traffic and termination events. These observations are more relevant to Sidecar containers and shared Pod lifecycle, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Inspect SBOM package inventory, CVE applicability, signature validation and approved exception decisions. Workload context: A container passes a basic vulnerability scan but lacks a verified supplier signature and deploys an unapproved build.

B:

Compare imagePullPolicy, local image cache, registry digest, pull events and Pod imageID. These observations are more relevant to Image pull policy and cached images, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Inspect SBOM package inventory, CVE applicability, signature validation and approved exception decisions. Workload context: A container passes a basic vulnerability scan but lacks a verified supplier signature and deploys an unapproved build.

C:

Check resource namespace, role bindings, quotas and effective network enforcement across namespaces. These observations are more relevant to Namespace scope and limits, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Inspect SBOM package inventory, CVE applicability, signature validation and approved exception decisions. Workload context: A container passes a basic vulnerability scan but lacks a verified supplier signature and deploys an unapproved build.

Question 671

A team rebuilds a container and assumes the entire image changes even though a cached dependency layer contains an outdated package. Which Kubernetes or cloud native approach BEST addresses the stated requirement?

  1. Build minimal images with reproducible layers and protect against secrets embedded in historical image layers.
  2. Pin production images to verified digests or governed immutable tags so every node runs a known artifact.
  3. Set container command and args with awareness of how Kubernetes overrides image ENTRYPOINT and CMD defaults.
  4. Model tightly coupled containers inside a Pod when they must share a network namespace and lifecycle, not as unrelated separate Pods.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Build minimal images with reproducible layers and protect against secrets embedded in historical image layers. This response implements the controlling Kubernetes or cloud native principle. Deleting a file in a later image layer does not erase secrets committed into an earlier layer. Check its effect by: Inspect Dockerfile layer history, build context, cache usage, image size and scanner findings. Workload context: A team rebuilds a container and assumes the entire image changes even though a cached dependency layer contains an outdated package.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Pin production images to verified digests or governed immutable tags so every node runs a known artifact. This action addresses Immutable container images and digests instead of the controlling requirement. Mutable image tags can resolve to different builds over time; digests identify immutable content. For this scenario prefer: Build minimal images with reproducible layers and protect against secrets embedded in historical image layers. Workload context: A team rebuilds a container and assumes the entire image changes even though a cached dependency layer contains an outdated package.

C:

Set container command and args with awareness of how Kubernetes overrides image ENTRYPOINT and CMD defaults. This action addresses Container command entrypoint and arguments instead of the controlling requirement. Kubernetes command maps to the image ENTRYPOINT override and args maps to CMD arguments; a process exit can restart a Pod. For this scenario prefer: Build minimal images with reproducible layers and protect against secrets embedded in historical image layers. Workload context: A team rebuilds a container and assumes the entire image changes even though a cached dependency layer contains an outdated package.

D:

Model tightly coupled containers inside a Pod when they must share a network namespace and lifecycle, not as unrelated separate Pods. This action addresses Pod shared network namespace and lifecycle instead of the controlling requirement. Containers in one Pod share networking and selected volumes; Kubernetes schedules Pods rather than independent containers. For this scenario prefer: Build minimal images with reproducible layers and protect against secrets embedded in historical image layers. Workload context: A team rebuilds a container and assumes the entire image changes even though a cached dependency layer contains an outdated package.

Question 672

A rollout controller advances from 10% to 100% after a one-minute clean window without accounting for delayed batch failures. Which TWO complementary steps supply the appropriate approach AND the evidence required to validate it? Select TWO.

  1. Gate rollout progression on suitable error, latency and business metrics with explicit thresholds and rollback authorization.
  2. Use a versioned Git repository as declarative desired state and a reconciler to detect and correct drift with approved change controls.
  3. Inspect rendered helm template output, values merge order, chart dependency versions and release status.
  4. Inspect error-budget impact, traffic exposure, request latency, alert window and controller decisions.
  5. Root-cause hypotheses align with recorded warning events and targeted corrective actions.

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

Gate rollout progression on suitable error, latency and business metrics with explicit thresholds and rollback authorization. This response implements the controlling Kubernetes or cloud native principle. Automated analysis requires representative telemetry and guardrails; an unchanged rollout status does not prove user experience is healthy. Check its effect by: Inspect error-budget impact, traffic exposure, request latency, alert window and controller decisions. This is the implementation part of the required paired answer. Workload context: A rollout controller advances from 10% to 100% after a one-minute clean window without accounting for delayed batch failures.

D:

Inspect error-budget impact, traffic exposure, request latency, alert window and controller decisions. This is the most discriminating evidence for the described failure or requirement. Automated analysis requires representative telemetry and guardrails; an unchanged rollout status does not prove user experience is healthy. The corresponding implementation is: Gate rollout progression on suitable error, latency and business metrics with explicit thresholds and rollback authorization. This is the diagnostic evidence part of the paired answer. Workload context: A rollout controller advances from 10% to 100% after a one-minute clean window without accounting for delayed batch failures.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Use a versioned Git repository as declarative desired state and a reconciler to detect and correct drift with approved change controls. This step belongs to GitOps reconciliation and source of truth rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Gate rollout progression on suitable error, latency and business metrics with explicit thresholds and rollback authorization. Validate with: Inspect error-budget impact, traffic exposure, request latency, alert window and controller decisions. Workload context: A rollout controller advances from 10% to 100% after a one-minute clean window without accounting for delayed batch failures.

C:

Inspect rendered helm template output, values merge order, chart dependency versions and release status. This step belongs to Helm charts templates and values rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Gate rollout progression on suitable error, latency and business metrics with explicit thresholds and rollback authorization. Validate with: Inspect error-budget impact, traffic exposure, request latency, alert window and controller decisions. Workload context: A rollout controller advances from 10% to 100% after a one-minute clean window without accounting for delayed batch failures.

E:

Root-cause hypotheses align with recorded warning events and targeted corrective actions. This step belongs to kubectl describe and event chronology rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Gate rollout progression on suitable error, latency and business metrics with explicit thresholds and rollback authorization. Validate with: Inspect error-budget impact, traffic exposure, request latency, alert window and controller decisions. Workload context: A rollout controller advances from 10% to 100% after a one-minute clean window without accounting for delayed batch failures.

Question 673

A Kubernetes cluster creates a PVC but no StorageClass or provisioner can satisfy it, leaving the claim Pending. Which observable result BEST confirms the desired Kubernetes or cloud native behavior?

  1. Each stateful replica retains its expected identity and corresponding durable storage through controlled replacement.
  2. New claims provision compatible storage without requiring manual static PV creation for each request.
  3. Only approved Pod flows pass and disallowed lateral or outbound connections fail reproducibly.
  4. Deleted claims follow the intended deletion or retention policy without unexpectedly destroying important data.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

New claims provision compatible storage without requiring manual static PV creation for each request. This is an observable service outcome, not just evidence that a configuration file was saved. StorageClass names provisioning behavior; a controller and backend must support dynamic provisioning. Workload context: A Kubernetes cluster creates a PVC but no StorageClass or provisioner can satisfy it, leaving the claim Pending.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Each stateful replica retains its expected identity and corresponding durable storage through controlled replacement. That result validates StatefulSet identity and volume templates rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: New claims provision compatible storage without requiring manual static PV creation for each request. Workload context: A Kubernetes cluster creates a PVC but no StorageClass or provisioner can satisfy it, leaving the claim Pending.

C:

Only approved Pod flows pass and disallowed lateral or outbound connections fail reproducibly. That result validates NetworkPolicy ingress egress isolation rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: New claims provision compatible storage without requiring manual static PV creation for each request. Workload context: A Kubernetes cluster creates a PVC but no StorageClass or provisioner can satisfy it, leaving the claim Pending.

D:

Deleted claims follow the intended deletion or retention policy without unexpectedly destroying important data. That result validates PV reclaim policy Retain versus Delete rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: New claims provision compatible storage without requiring manual static PV creation for each request. Workload context: A Kubernetes cluster creates a PVC but no StorageClass or provisioner can satisfy it, leaving the claim Pending.

Question 674

A validating admission rule rejects an image from an untrusted registry while the node would otherwise be able to pull it. Which observable result BEST confirms the desired Kubernetes or cloud native behavior?

  1. The precise scheduling blocker is removed and the workload binds to an eligible node.
  2. Storage is provisioned in a suitable placement domain after the first eligible consumer is considered.
  3. Only authorized artifacts enter the cluster and each workload is traceable to a reviewed build.
  4. Valid identities perform only allowed actions and rejected resource specifications do not reach persistent state.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Only authorized artifacts enter the cluster and each workload is traceable to a reviewed build. This is an observable service outcome, not just evidence that a configuration file was saved. An image scanner alone does not prove publisher identity; signed provenance and admission enforcement address different guarantees. Workload context: A validating admission rule rejects an image from an untrusted registry while the node would otherwise be able to pull it.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The precise scheduling blocker is removed and the workload binds to an eligible node. That result validates Pending pod FailedScheduling events rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Only authorized artifacts enter the cluster and each workload is traceable to a reviewed build. Workload context: A validating admission rule rejects an image from an untrusted registry while the node would otherwise be able to pull it.

B:

Storage is provisioned in a suitable placement domain after the first eligible consumer is considered. That result validates WaitForFirstConsumer volume binding rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Only authorized artifacts enter the cluster and each workload is traceable to a reviewed build. Workload context: A validating admission rule rejects an image from an untrusted registry while the node would otherwise be able to pull it.

D:

Valid identities perform only allowed actions and rejected resource specifications do not reach persistent state. That result validates Authentication authorization and admission order rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Only authorized artifacts enter the cluster and each workload is traceable to a reviewed build. Workload context: A validating admission rule rejects an image from an untrusted registry while the node would otherwise be able to pull it.

Question 675

A namespace is labeled enforce=restricted and a Pod requesting privileged host networking fails to create. Which observable result BEST confirms the desired Kubernetes or cloud native behavior?

  1. The container remains running or completes as intended without repeated backoff cycles after a targeted correction.
  2. Applications reach their authorized peers while unrelated Pods cannot read secrets or contact protected services.
  3. Noncompliant Pod specifications are rejected under enforcement without unexpectedly blocking approved workloads.
  4. Pods on different eligible nodes communicate according to network design and report working network addresses.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Noncompliant Pod specifications are rejected under enforcement without unexpectedly blocking approved workloads. This is an observable service outcome, not just evidence that a configuration file was saved. Pod Security Admission evaluates security standards at admission; it does not continuously sandbox existing containers after admission. Workload context: A namespace is labeled enforce=restricted and a Pod requesting privileged host networking fails to create.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The container remains running or completes as intended without repeated backoff cycles after a targeted correction. That result validates CrashLoopBackOff and previous logs rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Noncompliant Pod specifications are rejected under enforcement without unexpectedly blocking approved workloads. Workload context: A namespace is labeled enforce=restricted and a Pod requesting privileged host networking fails to create.

B:

Applications reach their authorized peers while unrelated Pods cannot read secrets or contact protected services. That result validates Namespace segmentation with NetworkPolicies rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Noncompliant Pod specifications are rejected under enforcement without unexpectedly blocking approved workloads. Workload context: A namespace is labeled enforce=restricted and a Pod requesting privileged host networking fails to create.

D:

Pods on different eligible nodes communicate according to network design and report working network addresses. That result validates CNI Pod networking implementation rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Noncompliant Pod specifications are rejected under enforcement without unexpectedly blocking approved workloads. Workload context: A namespace is labeled enforce=restricted and a Pod requesting privileged host networking fails to create.

Question 676

A distroless application container lacks a shell and engineers propose rebuilding production solely to install ping and curl. Which TWO complementary steps supply the appropriate approach AND the evidence required to validate it? Select TWO.

  1. Set container command and args with awareness of how Kubernetes overrides image ENTRYPOINT and CMD defaults.
  2. Inspect Pod ephemeralContainers entries, RBAC privileges, target process namespace and active diagnostic sessions.
  3. Compare Deployment spec, ReplicaSet ownership, rollout history and updated/available replica conditions.
  4. Use an authorized ephemeral container for live Pod diagnostics when the original image lacks troubleshooting tools.
  5. Scheduling constraints match verified node attributes without exhausting reserved system resources.

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

Inspect Pod ephemeralContainers entries, RBAC privileges, target process namespace and active diagnostic sessions. This is the most discriminating evidence for the described failure or requirement. Ephemeral containers are intended for debugging and do not behave like ordinary replicated application containers. The corresponding implementation is: Use an authorized ephemeral container for live Pod diagnostics when the original image lacks troubleshooting tools. This is the diagnostic evidence part of the paired answer. Workload context: A distroless application container lacks a shell and engineers propose rebuilding production solely to install ping and curl.

D:

Use an authorized ephemeral container for live Pod diagnostics when the original image lacks troubleshooting tools. This response implements the controlling Kubernetes or cloud native principle. Ephemeral containers are intended for debugging and do not behave like ordinary replicated application containers. Check its effect by: Inspect Pod ephemeralContainers entries, RBAC privileges, target process namespace and active diagnostic sessions. This is the implementation part of the required paired answer. Workload context: A distroless application container lacks a shell and engineers propose rebuilding production solely to install ping and curl.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Set container command and args with awareness of how Kubernetes overrides image ENTRYPOINT and CMD defaults. This step belongs to Container command entrypoint and arguments rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Use an authorized ephemeral container for live Pod diagnostics when the original image lacks troubleshooting tools. Validate with: Inspect Pod ephemeralContainers entries, RBAC privileges, target process namespace and active diagnostic sessions. Workload context: A distroless application container lacks a shell and engineers propose rebuilding production solely to install ping and curl.

C:

Compare Deployment spec, ReplicaSet ownership, rollout history and updated/available replica conditions. This step belongs to Deployment and ReplicaSet ownership rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Use an authorized ephemeral container for live Pod diagnostics when the original image lacks troubleshooting tools. Validate with: Inspect Pod ephemeralContainers entries, RBAC privileges, target process namespace and active diagnostic sessions. Workload context: A distroless application container lacks a shell and engineers propose rebuilding production solely to install ping and curl.

E:

Scheduling constraints match verified node attributes without exhausting reserved system resources. This step belongs to Node labels and allocatable inventory rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Use an authorized ephemeral container for live Pod diagnostics when the original image lacks troubleshooting tools. Validate with: Inspect Pod ephemeralContainers entries, RBAC privileges, target process namespace and active diagnostic sessions. Workload context: A distroless application container lacks a shell and engineers propose rebuilding production solely to install ping and curl.

Question 677

A team deletes unhealthy Pods repeatedly while provider load-balancer health checks target an incorrect Service node port. Which observable result BEST confirms the desired Kubernetes or cloud native behavior?

  1. Clients resolve the intended in-cluster Service name and external DNS forwarding operates as designed.
  2. Only approved Pod flows pass and disallowed lateral or outbound connections fail reproducibly.
  3. External clients reach only the intended healthy Service backends and the allocated endpoint matches network policy.
  4. Valid identities perform only allowed actions and rejected resource specifications do not reach persistent state.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

External clients reach only the intended healthy Service backends and the allocated endpoint matches network policy. This is an observable service outcome, not just evidence that a configuration file was saved. A LoadBalancer Service depends on an implementation or provider controller; creating it does not guarantee an external address. Workload context: A team deletes unhealthy Pods repeatedly while provider load-balancer health checks target an incorrect Service node port.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Clients resolve the intended in-cluster Service name and external DNS forwarding operates as designed. That result validates Cluster DNS and service discovery rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: External clients reach only the intended healthy Service backends and the allocated endpoint matches network policy. Workload context: A team deletes unhealthy Pods repeatedly while provider load-balancer health checks target an incorrect Service node port.

B:

Only approved Pod flows pass and disallowed lateral or outbound connections fail reproducibly. That result validates NetworkPolicy ingress egress isolation rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: External clients reach only the intended healthy Service backends and the allocated endpoint matches network policy. Workload context: A team deletes unhealthy Pods repeatedly while provider load-balancer health checks target an incorrect Service node port.

D:

Valid identities perform only allowed actions and rejected resource specifications do not reach persistent state. That result validates Authentication authorization and admission order rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: External clients reach only the intended healthy Service backends and the allocated endpoint matches network policy. Workload context: A team deletes unhealthy Pods repeatedly while provider load-balancer health checks target an incorrect Service node port.

Question 678

During database migration, the container remains live but readiness fails appropriately until the dependency becomes usable. Which observable result BEST confirms the desired Kubernetes or cloud native behavior?

  1. Production uses a tested traceable artifact only after required promotion and environment gates succeed.
  2. Release artifacts have verifiable origin and unapproved build paths are rejected before application rollout.
  3. Healthy Pods enter ready endpoints only after application dependencies function, without restarting healthy processes unnecessarily.
  4. Troubleshooters inspect network and process behavior without bloating or rebuilding the immutable production image.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Healthy Pods enter ready endpoints only after application dependencies function, without restarting healthy processes unnecessarily. This is an observable service outcome, not just evidence that a configuration file was saved. Readiness-probe failure normally removes endpoint traffic without killing the container; liveness changes restart behavior. Workload context: During database migration, the container remains live but readiness fails appropriately until the dependency becomes usable.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Production uses a tested traceable artifact only after required promotion and environment gates succeed. That result validates CI versus CD pipeline separation rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Healthy Pods enter ready endpoints only after application dependencies function, without restarting healthy processes unnecessarily. Workload context: During database migration, the container remains live but readiness fails appropriately until the dependency becomes usable.

B:

Release artifacts have verifiable origin and unapproved build paths are rejected before application rollout. That result validates Software supply chain attestations rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Healthy Pods enter ready endpoints only after application dependencies function, without restarting healthy processes unnecessarily. Workload context: During database migration, the container remains live but readiness fails appropriately until the dependency becomes usable.

D:

Troubleshooters inspect network and process behavior without bloating or rebuilding the immutable production image. That result validates Ephemeral debug containers for minimal images rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Healthy Pods enter ready endpoints only after application dependencies function, without restarting healthy processes unnecessarily. Workload context: During database migration, the container remains live but readiness fails appropriately until the dependency becomes usable.

Question 679

A Gateway returns 404 for /api because HTTPRoute matches /app while the backend Service is healthy. Which Kubernetes or cloud native approach BEST addresses the stated requirement?

  1. Promote the same reviewed container image digest between environments instead of rebuilding mutable tags at each stage.
  2. Distinguish readiness endpoint failures from application process exits before deciding whether to restart or change service routing.
  3. Use a versioned Git repository as declarative desired state and a reconciler to detect and correct drift with approved change controls.
  4. Trace external HTTP requests through DNS, ingress/Gateway association, TLS configuration, Service and Pod endpoints.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Trace external HTTP requests through DNS, ingress/Gateway association, TLS configuration, Service and Pod endpoints. This response implements the controlling Kubernetes or cloud native principle. A healthy Service does not guarantee correct edge routing; ingress controllers and TLS bindings add separate layers. Check its effect by: Inspect host/path rules, route attachment, listener TLS, backend port and controller access logs. Workload context: A Gateway returns 404 for /api because HTTPRoute matches /app while the backend Service is healthy.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Promote the same reviewed container image digest between environments instead of rebuilding mutable tags at each stage. This action addresses Artifact promotion by digest instead of the controlling requirement. An image digest identifies the immutable artifact; matching labels or Git SHAs alone do not prove identical layers. For this scenario prefer: Trace external HTTP requests through DNS, ingress/Gateway association, TLS configuration, Service and Pod endpoints. Workload context: A Gateway returns 404 for /api because HTTPRoute matches /app while the backend Service is healthy.

B:

Distinguish readiness endpoint failures from application process exits before deciding whether to restart or change service routing. This action addresses Readiness-probe failure versus process crash instead of the controlling requirement. Readiness-probe failure normally removes endpoint traffic without killing the container; liveness changes restart behavior. For this scenario prefer: Trace external HTTP requests through DNS, ingress/Gateway association, TLS configuration, Service and Pod endpoints. Workload context: A Gateway returns 404 for /api because HTTPRoute matches /app while the backend Service is healthy.

C:

Use a versioned Git repository as declarative desired state and a reconciler to detect and correct drift with approved change controls. This action addresses GitOps reconciliation and source of truth instead of the controlling requirement. GitOps is a pull/reconciliation operating model rather than merely running kubectl from a CI server. For this scenario prefer: Trace external HTTP requests through DNS, ingress/Gateway association, TLS configuration, Service and Pod endpoints. Workload context: A Gateway returns 404 for /api because HTTPRoute matches /app while the backend Service is healthy.

Question 680

A service packages OCI-compatible images but its persistent volume depends on a provider-only disk implementation unavailable in a second cloud. Which evidence should the engineer inspect FIRST to distinguish the likely cause or verify the prerequisite?

  1. Inspect manifests for proprietary resources, storage/network API dependencies, image compatibility and migration cost.
  2. Identify each project role, integration point, maintainer documentation and whether it belongs to Kubernetes core.
  3. Inspect LICENSE files, contribution guidelines, DCO or CLA requirements and third-party dependency notices.
  4. Inspect SLI queries, SLO target/window, request populations, error budgets and alert rule outcomes.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Inspect manifests for proprietary resources, storage/network API dependencies, image compatibility and migration cost. This is the most discriminating evidence for the described failure or requirement. Cloud native APIs improve portability but do not guarantee identical storage classes, load balancers or custom controllers across clouds. The corresponding implementation is: Prefer open APIs, OCI images and Kubernetes-compatible deployment contracts where portability matters while accounting for provider-specific extensions. Workload context: A service packages OCI-compatible images but its persistent volume depends on a provider-only disk implementation unavailable in a second cloud.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Identify each project role, integration point, maintainer documentation and whether it belongs to Kubernetes core. These observations are more relevant to CNCF ecosystem and Kubernetes roles, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Inspect manifests for proprietary resources, storage/network API dependencies, image compatibility and migration cost. Workload context: A service packages OCI-compatible images but its persistent volume depends on a provider-only disk implementation unavailable in a second cloud.

C:

Inspect LICENSE files, contribution guidelines, DCO or CLA requirements and third-party dependency notices. These observations are more relevant to Open source licensing and contribution basics, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Inspect manifests for proprietary resources, storage/network API dependencies, image compatibility and migration cost. Workload context: A service packages OCI-compatible images but its persistent volume depends on a provider-only disk implementation unavailable in a second cloud.

D:

Inspect SLI queries, SLO target/window, request populations, error budgets and alert rule outcomes. These observations are more relevant to SLIs SLOs and golden signals, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Inspect manifests for proprietary resources, storage/network API dependencies, image compatibility and migration cost. Workload context: A service packages OCI-compatible images but its persistent volume depends on a provider-only disk implementation unavailable in a second cloud.

Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate (KCNA) Practice Tests