Linux Foundation KCNA Practice Test 19
Question 180
An engineer treats a base-image CVE as automatically reachable despite a distribution backport and no vulnerable code path. Which observable result BEST confirms the desired Kubernetes or cloud native behavior?
- Workloads honor hard constraints and fall back appropriately when optional affinity cannot be satisfied.
- Only reviewed images with accepted risk enter production and later findings can be traced to deployed digests.
- The helper supports the main app and its lifecycle is correctly coordinated during start and shutdown.
- Pending eligible Pods receive appropriate node bindings when capacity and constraints allow scheduling.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Only reviewed images with accepted risk enter production and later findings can be traced to deployed digests. This is an observable service outcome, not just evidence that a configuration file was saved. A scanner's package detection is evidence of inventory, not automatically proof of exploitation or complete image trust. Workload context: An engineer treats a base-image CVE as automatically reachable despite a distribution backport and no vulnerable code path.
Incorrect Answers
A:Workloads honor hard constraints and fall back appropriately when optional affinity cannot be satisfied. That result validates Node affinity required vs preferred rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Only reviewed images with accepted risk enter production and later findings can be traced to deployed digests. Workload context: An engineer treats a base-image CVE as automatically reachable despite a distribution backport and no vulnerable code path.
C:The helper supports the main app and its lifecycle is correctly coordinated during start and shutdown. That result validates Sidecar containers and shared Pod lifecycle rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Only reviewed images with accepted risk enter production and later findings can be traced to deployed digests. Workload context: An engineer treats a base-image CVE as automatically reachable despite a distribution backport and no vulnerable code path.
D:Pending eligible Pods receive appropriate node bindings when capacity and constraints allow scheduling. That result validates Scheduler responsibility and binding rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Only reviewed images with accepted risk enter production and later findings can be traced to deployed digests. Workload context: An engineer treats a base-image CVE as automatically reachable despite a distribution backport and no vulnerable code path.
Question 181
A Deployment requests 16 CPUs per Pod but every eligible worker has fewer allocatable CPUs even when idle. Which TWO complementary steps supply the appropriate approach AND the evidence required to validate it? Select TWO.
- Compare desired and observed replicas, controller events, ReplicaSet ownership and controller-manager health.
- Inspect FailedScheduling events, Pod requests, node allocatable and scheduler filter outcomes.
- Match Pod CPU/memory requests to node allocatable resources and scheduling constraints before blaming a container image.
- Controllers and Services select exactly the intended Pods while audit annotations retain descriptive notes.
- Assign PriorityClasses carefully and understand when the scheduler may preempt lower-priority Pods to place urgent workloads.
Explanation
Correct Answers
B:Inspect FailedScheduling events, Pod requests, node allocatable and scheduler filter outcomes. This is the most discriminating evidence for the described failure or requirement. A Pending unscheduled Pod has no running container logs; scheduler events reveal placement failures. The corresponding implementation is: Match Pod CPU/memory requests to node allocatable resources and scheduling constraints before blaming a container image. This is the diagnostic evidence part of the paired answer. Workload context: A Deployment requests 16 CPUs per Pod but every eligible worker has fewer allocatable CPUs even when idle.
C:Match Pod CPU/memory requests to node allocatable resources and scheduling constraints before blaming a container image. This response implements the controlling Kubernetes or cloud native principle. A Pending unscheduled Pod has no running container logs; scheduler events reveal placement failures. Check its effect by: Inspect FailedScheduling events, Pod requests, node allocatable and scheduler filter outcomes. This is the implementation part of the required paired answer. Workload context: A Deployment requests 16 CPUs per Pod but every eligible worker has fewer allocatable CPUs even when idle.
Incorrect Answers
A:Compare desired and observed replicas, controller events, ReplicaSet ownership and controller-manager health. This step belongs to Controller manager reconciliation loops rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Match Pod CPU/memory requests to node allocatable resources and scheduling constraints before blaming a container image. Validate with: Inspect FailedScheduling events, Pod requests, node allocatable and scheduler filter outcomes. Workload context: A Deployment requests 16 CPUs per Pod but every eligible worker has fewer allocatable CPUs even when idle.
D:Controllers and Services select exactly the intended Pods while audit annotations retain descriptive notes. This step belongs to Labels selectors and annotations rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Match Pod CPU/memory requests to node allocatable resources and scheduling constraints before blaming a container image. Validate with: Inspect FailedScheduling events, Pod requests, node allocatable and scheduler filter outcomes. Workload context: A Deployment requests 16 CPUs per Pod but every eligible worker has fewer allocatable CPUs even when idle.
E:Assign PriorityClasses carefully and understand when the scheduler may preempt lower-priority Pods to place urgent workloads. This step belongs to PriorityClass and preemption rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Match Pod CPU/memory requests to node allocatable resources and scheduling constraints before blaming a container image. Validate with: Inspect FailedScheduling events, Pod requests, node allocatable and scheduler filter outcomes. Workload context: A Deployment requests 16 CPUs per Pod but every eligible worker has fewer allocatable CPUs even when idle.
Question 182
A startup chooses a graduated project without testing whether it supports required protocols and maintenance staffing. Which Kubernetes or cloud native approach BEST addresses the stated requirement?
- Report suspected project security vulnerabilities through the designated private security channel before public reproduction details or exploit examples.
- Evaluate CNCF sandbox, incubating and graduated projects in context of maintenance, community adoption and technical fit.
- Design bounded microservice interfaces with timeouts, retries and independently deployable service contracts where modularity is useful.
- Expose application metrics in supported Prometheus format and configure authorized scrape targets and label cardinality.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:Evaluate CNCF sandbox, incubating and graduated projects in context of maintenance, community adoption and technical fit. This response implements the controlling Kubernetes or cloud native principle. CNCF maturity levels indicate aspects of governance and adoption, not a guarantee of security or perfect product fit. Check its effect by: Review CNCF landscape category, project governance, release cadence, support ecosystem and security disclosures. Workload context: A startup chooses a graduated project without testing whether it supports required protocols and maintenance staffing.
Incorrect Answers
A:Report suspected project security vulnerabilities through the designated private security channel before public reproduction details or exploit examples. This action addresses Responsible vulnerability disclosure in communities instead of the controlling requirement. Public bug trackers are not always the right venue for undisclosed security issues; project security policies define channels. For this scenario prefer: Evaluate CNCF sandbox, incubating and graduated projects in context of maintenance, community adoption and technical fit. Workload context: A startup chooses a graduated project without testing whether it supports required protocols and maintenance staffing.
C:Design bounded microservice interfaces with timeouts, retries and independently deployable service contracts where modularity is useful. This action addresses Microservices contracts and failure isolation instead of the controlling requirement. Microservices improve modularity but add network and operational overhead; splitting code does not automatically yield reliability. For this scenario prefer: Evaluate CNCF sandbox, incubating and graduated projects in context of maintenance, community adoption and technical fit. Workload context: A startup chooses a graduated project without testing whether it supports required protocols and maintenance staffing.
D:Expose application metrics in supported Prometheus format and configure authorized scrape targets and label cardinality. This action addresses Prometheus pull scraping and metrics endpoints instead of the controlling requirement. Prometheus primarily scrapes targets on an interval; instrumentation must expose values and high-cardinality labels can overload storage. For this scenario prefer: Evaluate CNCF sandbox, incubating and graduated projects in context of maintenance, community adoption and technical fit. Workload context: A startup chooses a graduated project without testing whether it supports required protocols and maintenance staffing.
Question 183
An operator changes the liveness check to fix a Deployment that is Running but never appears in Service EndpointSlices. Which observable result BEST confirms the desired Kubernetes or cloud native behavior?
- The faulty revision is identified and rollback or correction restores the intended application version.
- An incident timeline pinpoints the failing dependency rather than relying on one generic readiness or CPU signal.
- Healthy Pods enter ready endpoints only after application dependencies function, without restarting healthy processes unnecessarily.
- Release artifacts have verifiable origin and unapproved build paths are rejected before application rollout.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:Healthy Pods enter ready endpoints only after application dependencies function, without restarting healthy processes unnecessarily. This is an observable service outcome, not just evidence that a configuration file was saved. Readiness-probe failure normally removes endpoint traffic without killing the container; liveness changes restart behavior. Workload context: An operator changes the liveness check to fix a Deployment that is Running but never appears in Service EndpointSlices.
Incorrect Answers
A:The faulty revision is identified and rollback or correction restores the intended application version. That result validates Rollout history status and change correlation rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Healthy Pods enter ready endpoints only after application dependencies function, without restarting healthy processes unnecessarily. Workload context: An operator changes the liveness check to fix a Deployment that is Running but never appears in Service EndpointSlices.
B:An incident timeline pinpoints the failing dependency rather than relying on one generic readiness or CPU signal. That result validates Correlating metrics logs and traces rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Healthy Pods enter ready endpoints only after application dependencies function, without restarting healthy processes unnecessarily. Workload context: An operator changes the liveness check to fix a Deployment that is Running but never appears in Service EndpointSlices.
D:Release artifacts have verifiable origin and unapproved build paths are rejected before application rollout. That result validates Software supply chain attestations rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: Healthy Pods enter ready endpoints only after application dependencies function, without restarting healthy processes unnecessarily. Workload context: An operator changes the liveness check to fix a Deployment that is Running but never appears in Service EndpointSlices.
Question 184
A release uses image:latest and nodes pull different revisions because registry tags were moved between schedules. Which evidence should the engineer inspect FIRST to distinguish the likely cause or verify the prerequisite?
- Inspect ConfigMap/Secret references, RBAC, API audit records, encryption-at-rest settings and mount or environment behavior.
- Compare imagePullPolicy, local image cache, registry digest, pull events and Pod imageID.
- Compare image digest, registry manifest, Pod imageID, rollout timestamp and supply-chain approval.
- Inspect image metadata, Pod command/args, process exit code and startup logs.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:Compare image digest, registry manifest, Pod imageID, rollout timestamp and supply-chain approval. This is the most discriminating evidence for the described failure or requirement. Mutable image tags can resolve to different builds over time; digests identify immutable content. The corresponding implementation is: Pin production images to verified digests or governed immutable tags so every node runs a known artifact. Workload context: A release uses image:latest and nodes pull different revisions because registry tags were moved between schedules.
Incorrect Answers
A:Inspect ConfigMap/Secret references, RBAC, API audit records, encryption-at-rest settings and mount or environment behavior. These observations are more relevant to ConfigMap and Secret boundaries, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Compare image digest, registry manifest, Pod imageID, rollout timestamp and supply-chain approval. Workload context: A release uses image:latest and nodes pull different revisions because registry tags were moved between schedules.
B:Compare imagePullPolicy, local image cache, registry digest, pull events and Pod imageID. These observations are more relevant to Image pull policy and cached images, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Compare image digest, registry manifest, Pod imageID, rollout timestamp and supply-chain approval. Workload context: A release uses image:latest and nodes pull different revisions because registry tags were moved between schedules.
D:Inspect image metadata, Pod command/args, process exit code and startup logs. These observations are more relevant to Container command entrypoint and arguments, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Compare image digest, registry manifest, Pod imageID, rollout timestamp and supply-chain approval. Workload context: A release uses image:latest and nodes pull different revisions because registry tags were moved between schedules.
Question 185
A critical DNS Pod remains Pending and the team gives it higher priority without investigating incompatible node selectors. Which TWO complementary steps supply the appropriate approach AND the evidence required to validate it? Select TWO.
- Inspect ConfigMap/Secret references, RBAC, API audit records, encryption-at-rest settings and mount or environment behavior.
- Assign PriorityClasses carefully and understand when the scheduler may preempt lower-priority Pods to place urgent workloads.
- Control-plane and node upgrades complete within supported skew with workload compatibility checks passing.
- Configure PodDisruptionBudgets for voluntary disruptions while distinguishing eviction safety from normal scheduling decisions.
- Check Pod priority, preemptionPolicy, scheduling events, available alternatives and victim selection.
Explanation
Correct Answers
B:Assign PriorityClasses carefully and understand when the scheduler may preempt lower-priority Pods to place urgent workloads. This response implements the controlling Kubernetes or cloud native principle. Priority influences scheduling and potential preemption but does not bypass hard affinity or lack of suitable hardware. Check its effect by: Check Pod priority, preemptionPolicy, scheduling events, available alternatives and victim selection. This is the implementation part of the required paired answer. Workload context: A critical DNS Pod remains Pending and the team gives it higher priority without investigating incompatible node selectors.
E:Check Pod priority, preemptionPolicy, scheduling events, available alternatives and victim selection. This is the most discriminating evidence for the described failure or requirement. Priority influences scheduling and potential preemption but does not bypass hard affinity or lack of suitable hardware. The corresponding implementation is: Assign PriorityClasses carefully and understand when the scheduler may preempt lower-priority Pods to place urgent workloads. This is the diagnostic evidence part of the paired answer. Workload context: A critical DNS Pod remains Pending and the team gives it higher priority without investigating incompatible node selectors.
Incorrect Answers
A:Inspect ConfigMap/Secret references, RBAC, API audit records, encryption-at-rest settings and mount or environment behavior. This step belongs to ConfigMap and Secret boundaries rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Assign PriorityClasses carefully and understand when the scheduler may preempt lower-priority Pods to place urgent workloads. Validate with: Check Pod priority, preemptionPolicy, scheduling events, available alternatives and victim selection. Workload context: A critical DNS Pod remains Pending and the team gives it higher priority without investigating incompatible node selectors.
C:Control-plane and node upgrades complete within supported skew with workload compatibility checks passing. This step belongs to Kubernetes upgrades and version skew rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Assign PriorityClasses carefully and understand when the scheduler may preempt lower-priority Pods to place urgent workloads. Validate with: Check Pod priority, preemptionPolicy, scheduling events, available alternatives and victim selection. Workload context: A critical DNS Pod remains Pending and the team gives it higher priority without investigating incompatible node selectors.
D:Configure PodDisruptionBudgets for voluntary disruptions while distinguishing eviction safety from normal scheduling decisions. This step belongs to PodDisruptionBudget during voluntary eviction rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Assign PriorityClasses carefully and understand when the scheduler may preempt lower-priority Pods to place urgent workloads. Validate with: Check Pod priority, preemptionPolicy, scheduling events, available alternatives and victim selection. Workload context: A critical DNS Pod remains Pending and the team gives it higher priority without investigating incompatible node selectors.
Question 186
A developer creates an Ingress YAML but no ingress controller is installed and the application remains inaccessible. Which evidence should the engineer inspect FIRST to distinguish the likely cause or verify the prerequisite?
- Inspect controller readiness, class or Gateway association, route attachment status, TLS Secret and backend Service mapping.
- Test DNS names, search suffixes, CoreDNS logs, upstream forwarders and service records.
- Inspect NetworkPolicy podSelector, namespaces, allowed ports, CNI enforcement support and packet test results.
- Inspect volume type, mount paths, Pod owner, node placement and data recovery requirements.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Inspect controller readiness, class or Gateway association, route attachment status, TLS Secret and backend Service mapping. This is the most discriminating evidence for the described failure or requirement. Ingress and Gateway API resources describe routing intent; a controller implements data-plane forwarding. The corresponding implementation is: Use supported Ingress or Gateway API resources together with a running controller to route HTTP traffic by host and path. Workload context: A developer creates an Ingress YAML but no ingress controller is installed and the application remains inaccessible.
Incorrect Answers
B:Test DNS names, search suffixes, CoreDNS logs, upstream forwarders and service records. These observations are more relevant to Cluster DNS and service discovery, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Inspect controller readiness, class or Gateway association, route attachment status, TLS Secret and backend Service mapping. Workload context: A developer creates an Ingress YAML but no ingress controller is installed and the application remains inaccessible.
C:Inspect NetworkPolicy podSelector, namespaces, allowed ports, CNI enforcement support and packet test results. These observations are more relevant to NetworkPolicy ingress egress isolation, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Inspect controller readiness, class or Gateway association, route attachment status, TLS Secret and backend Service mapping. Workload context: A developer creates an Ingress YAML but no ingress controller is installed and the application remains inaccessible.
D:Inspect volume type, mount paths, Pod owner, node placement and data recovery requirements. These observations are more relevant to Ephemeral emptyDir versus persistent volumes, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Inspect controller readiness, class or Gateway association, route attachment status, TLS Secret and backend Service mapping. Workload context: A developer creates an Ingress YAML but no ingress controller is installed and the application remains inaccessible.
Question 187
All Pods can communicate by IP but names intermittently fail after CoreDNS replicas become unready. Which evidence should the engineer inspect FIRST to distinguish the likely cause or verify the prerequisite?
- Test DNS names, search suffixes, CoreDNS logs, upstream forwarders and service records.
- Inspect controller readiness, class or Gateway association, route attachment status, TLS Secret and backend Service mapping.
- Inspect securityContext, runAsUser, allowPrivilegeEscalation, capabilities, seccompProfile and startup errors.
- Inspect kubectl describe Pod events, requests, node taints, PVC claims and node affinity.
Explanation
Correct Answer
A:Test DNS names, search suffixes, CoreDNS logs, upstream forwarders and service records. This is the most discriminating evidence for the described failure or requirement. Kubernetes DNS uses namespace-aware search paths; a fully qualified Service name avoids ambiguity across namespaces. The corresponding implementation is: Use CoreDNS or the configured cluster DNS service to resolve Service and Pod naming in their correct namespaces. Workload context: All Pods can communicate by IP but names intermittently fail after CoreDNS replicas become unready.
Incorrect Answers
B:Inspect controller readiness, class or Gateway association, route attachment status, TLS Secret and backend Service mapping. These observations are more relevant to Ingress and Gateway API routing, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Test DNS names, search suffixes, CoreDNS logs, upstream forwarders and service records. Workload context: All Pods can communicate by IP but names intermittently fail after CoreDNS replicas become unready.
C:Inspect securityContext, runAsUser, allowPrivilegeEscalation, capabilities, seccompProfile and startup errors. These observations are more relevant to Linux securityContext and seccomp basics, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Test DNS names, search suffixes, CoreDNS logs, upstream forwarders and service records. Workload context: All Pods can communicate by IP but names intermittently fail after CoreDNS replicas become unready.
D:Inspect kubectl describe Pod events, requests, node taints, PVC claims and node affinity. These observations are more relevant to Pending pod FailedScheduling events, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Test DNS names, search suffixes, CoreDNS logs, upstream forwarders and service records. Workload context: All Pods can communicate by IP but names intermittently fail after CoreDNS replicas become unready.
Question 188
A namespace contains a LimitRange but a platform lead expects it to enforce a total cluster-wide storage budget. Which TWO complementary steps supply the appropriate approach AND the evidence required to validate it? Select TWO.
- Clients reach the intended healthy backends through a stable Service name despite Pod replacement.
- Inspect quota hard/used counters, LimitRange defaults and API admission rejection messages.
- Check Pod priority, preemptionPolicy, scheduling events, available alternatives and victim selection.
- Store non-sensitive configuration in ConfigMaps and sensitive values in Secrets with access control and encryption controls.
- Apply namespace ResourceQuota and LimitRange policies to govern aggregate consumption and default/request bounds.
Explanation
Correct Answers
B:Inspect quota hard/used counters, LimitRange defaults and API admission rejection messages. This is the most discriminating evidence for the described failure or requirement. ResourceQuota applies aggregate namespace limits while LimitRange sets per-object defaults and constraints; quotas do not make capacity. The corresponding implementation is: Apply namespace ResourceQuota and LimitRange policies to govern aggregate consumption and default/request bounds. This is the diagnostic evidence part of the paired answer. Workload context: A namespace contains a LimitRange but a platform lead expects it to enforce a total cluster-wide storage budget.
E:Apply namespace ResourceQuota and LimitRange policies to govern aggregate consumption and default/request bounds. This response implements the controlling Kubernetes or cloud native principle. ResourceQuota applies aggregate namespace limits while LimitRange sets per-object defaults and constraints; quotas do not make capacity. Check its effect by: Inspect quota hard/used counters, LimitRange defaults and API admission rejection messages. This is the implementation part of the required paired answer. Workload context: A namespace contains a LimitRange but a platform lead expects it to enforce a total cluster-wide storage budget.
Incorrect Answers
A:Clients reach the intended healthy backends through a stable Service name despite Pod replacement. This step belongs to Service stable virtual endpoint rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Apply namespace ResourceQuota and LimitRange policies to govern aggregate consumption and default/request bounds. Validate with: Inspect quota hard/used counters, LimitRange defaults and API admission rejection messages. Workload context: A namespace contains a LimitRange but a platform lead expects it to enforce a total cluster-wide storage budget.
C:Check Pod priority, preemptionPolicy, scheduling events, available alternatives and victim selection. This step belongs to PriorityClass and preemption rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Apply namespace ResourceQuota and LimitRange policies to govern aggregate consumption and default/request bounds. Validate with: Inspect quota hard/used counters, LimitRange defaults and API admission rejection messages. Workload context: A namespace contains a LimitRange but a platform lead expects it to enforce a total cluster-wide storage budget.
D:Store non-sensitive configuration in ConfigMaps and sensitive values in Secrets with access control and encryption controls. This step belongs to ConfigMap and Secret boundaries rather than the complementary implementation and evidence pair. The intended approach is: Apply namespace ResourceQuota and LimitRange policies to govern aggregate consumption and default/request bounds. Validate with: Inspect quota hard/used counters, LimitRange defaults and API admission rejection messages. Workload context: A namespace contains a LimitRange but a platform lead expects it to enforce a total cluster-wide storage budget.
Question 189
A Gateway HTTPRoute has an invalid parent reference, leaving it unattached even though backend Service endpoints are healthy. Which observable result BEST confirms the desired Kubernetes or cloud native behavior?
- External clients reach only the intended healthy Service backends and the allocated endpoint matches network policy.
- External HTTP clients reach the correct application by hostname and route rules while unrelated paths stay rejected.
- Storage is provisioned in a suitable placement domain after the first eligible consumer is considered.
- Healthy but initializing Pods avoid traffic and genuinely stuck workloads recover without unnecessary restart loops.
Explanation
Correct Answer
B:External HTTP clients reach the correct application by hostname and route rules while unrelated paths stay rejected. This is an observable service outcome, not just evidence that a configuration file was saved. Ingress and Gateway API resources describe routing intent; a controller implements data-plane forwarding. Workload context: A Gateway HTTPRoute has an invalid parent reference, leaving it unattached even though backend Service endpoints are healthy.
Incorrect Answers
A:External clients reach only the intended healthy Service backends and the allocated endpoint matches network policy. That result validates LoadBalancer Service provisioning rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: External HTTP clients reach the correct application by hostname and route rules while unrelated paths stay rejected. Workload context: A Gateway HTTPRoute has an invalid parent reference, leaving it unattached even though backend Service endpoints are healthy.
C:Storage is provisioned in a suitable placement domain after the first eligible consumer is considered. That result validates WaitForFirstConsumer volume binding rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: External HTTP clients reach the correct application by hostname and route rules while unrelated paths stay rejected. Workload context: A Gateway HTTPRoute has an invalid parent reference, leaving it unattached even though backend Service endpoints are healthy.
D:Healthy but initializing Pods avoid traffic and genuinely stuck workloads recover without unnecessary restart loops. That result validates Readiness liveness and startup probe behavior rather than the requirement here. Verify instead: External HTTP clients reach the correct application by hostname and route rules while unrelated paths stay rejected. Workload context: A Gateway HTTPRoute has an invalid parent reference, leaving it unattached even though backend Service endpoints are healthy.
Question 190
An engineer assumes a public registry automatically signs every published image and disables provenance verification. Which evidence should the engineer inspect FIRST to distinguish the likely cause or verify the prerequisite?
- Check Pod nodeSelector keys and values against node labels and scheduling events.
- Compare image digest, registry manifest, Pod imageID, rollout timestamp and supply-chain approval.
- Check registry path, pull Secret, tag or digest, IAM grant, TLS trust and registry audit logs.
- Inspect kubelet runtime endpoint, CRI protocol support, containerd service status and runtime errors.
Explanation
Correct Answer
C:Check registry path, pull Secret, tag or digest, IAM grant, TLS trust and registry audit logs. This is the most discriminating evidence for the described failure or requirement. OCI registries store/distribute image artifacts; they do not orchestrate Pods or apply cluster networking. The corresponding implementation is: Pull images from approved OCI-compatible registries with controlled image credentials and documented access boundaries. Workload context: An engineer assumes a public registry automatically signs every published image and disables provenance verification.
Incorrect Answers
A:Check Pod nodeSelector keys and values against node labels and scheduling events. These observations are more relevant to nodeSelector equality placement, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Check registry path, pull Secret, tag or digest, IAM grant, TLS trust and registry audit logs. Workload context: An engineer assumes a public registry automatically signs every published image and disables provenance verification.
B:Compare image digest, registry manifest, Pod imageID, rollout timestamp and supply-chain approval. These observations are more relevant to Immutable container images and digests, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Check registry path, pull Secret, tag or digest, IAM grant, TLS trust and registry audit logs. Workload context: An engineer assumes a public registry automatically signs every published image and disables provenance verification.
D:Inspect kubelet runtime endpoint, CRI protocol support, containerd service status and runtime errors. These observations are more relevant to Container runtime and CRI, not this case. The distinguishing check is: Check registry path, pull Secret, tag or digest, IAM grant, TLS trust and registry audit logs. Workload context: An engineer assumes a public registry automatically signs every published image and disables provenance verification.