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CompTIA CAS-005 Practice Test 18

Question 170

In Public healthcare research network, a security issue affects de-identified test data: development teams copy patient tables into test environments with unclear stewardship. The observed evidence is that file inventories show identifiers in two staging buckets while production classification differs. Operations must account for this constraint: research testing must continue without exporting patient identities. Before declaring the control effective, which test should exercise both the affected path and permitted behavior?

  1. Trace data creation, custody, classification and deletion duties across development and production
  2. Inspect sample test environments and retention logs for identifiers, access and secure disposal
  3. Migrate test workloads by removing real identifiers before enabling restricted synthetic fixtures
  4. Assume staging data is exempt from data-governance policy

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Inspect sample test environments and retention logs for identifiers, access and secure disposal tests whether the original failure can still occur and whether authorized activity continues to work. A change ticket or rollout confirmation is weaker than direct acceptance evidence.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Cause analysis belongs before implementation; it is not a retest of the deployed control on the originally affected path. In this case, the evidence involves de-identified test data and file inventories show identifiers in two staging buckets while production classification differs.

C:

A governed rollout makes the solution live, but installation and rollback readiness do not establish effectiveness. In this case, the evidence involves de-identified test data and file inventories show identifiers in two staging buckets while production classification differs.

D:

Testing environments can expose protected information even when not customer-facing. The immediate requirement for de-identified test data is verified remediation, which this alternative does not provide.

Question 171

In Hydroelectric power authority, a security issue affects SCADA pump controllers: legacy PLC protocol has no native authentication and cannot be patched. The observed evidence is that packet captures show engineering writes from the office VLAN. Operations must account for this constraint: floodgate safety requires deterministic traffic and manual fallback. Implementation is the remaining gate; neither another design document nor a postrelease audit replaces it. Which execution action is best?

  1. Monitor unauthorized engineering commands and compensating control exceptions
  2. Use industrial DMZ, allowlisted engineering station and command jump server
  3. Introduce passive monitoring and a scheduled controlled cutover with operations
  4. Install untested endpoint antivirus directly on the PLC

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Introduce passive monitoring and a scheduled controlled cutover with operations provides a governed means to introduce the chosen safeguard while respecting floodgate safety requires deterministic traffic and manual fallback. A sound design without a safe, authorized rollout does not establish operating protection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Future assurance does not install the approved change under the current availability constraint. In this case, the evidence involves SCADA pump controllers and packet captures show engineering writes from the office VLAN.

B:

The design has already been selected and approved; choosing it again does not make a reversible operational change. In this case, the evidence involves SCADA pump controllers and packet captures show engineering writes from the office VLAN.

D:

Unsupported software may disrupt safety control and cannot add protocol authentication. The immediate requirement for SCADA pump controllers is safe implementation, which this alternative does not provide.

Question 172

In Municipal citizen portal, a security issue affects build promotion approvals: developers can bypass production review by merging to an unprotected branch. The observed evidence is that pipeline audit shows direct deployment from a personal token. Operations must account for this constraint: citizen services cannot tolerate untested hotfixes. Architects have verified the problem and must select a lasting safeguard. Which proposed design is most appropriate?

  1. Track bypass attempts, privileged token expiry and emergency releases
  2. Require protected branches, signed commits and segregated deployment approval
  3. Trace branch permissions, token scope and route from commit to production
  4. Add SAST findings to the pipeline but retain unapproved deployment access

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Require protected branches, signed commits and segregated deployment approval is the durable measure that addresses the observed weakness: developers can bypass production review by merging to an unprotected branch. It must be enforceable while preserving the stated constraint: citizen services cannot tolerate untested hotfixes.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Monitoring after rollout is not a substitute for specifying the control that should be enforced. In this case, the evidence involves build promotion approvals and pipeline audit shows direct deployment from a personal token.

C:

Investigation characterizes the problem, but the case already establishes the failure path and asks for an enforceable control. In this case, the evidence involves build promotion approvals and pipeline audit shows direct deployment from a personal token.

D:

Code scanning does not replace release authorization controls. The immediate requirement for build promotion approvals is durable control selection, which this alternative does not provide.

Question 173

In National retail bank, a security issue affects remote-access SIEM: VPN failure alerts vanish after source changed its syslog format. The observed evidence is that parser counter drops while device log volume is unchanged. Operations must account for this constraint: security monitoring must not block legitimate remote sessions. The new design passed review, but deployment must preserve critical services. Which controlled rollout best fits?

  1. Increase alert severity on all remaining logs without restoring parser coverage
  2. Use version-aware parsing and ingestion-health alerts for missing fields
  3. Stage parser change against stored event samples before live enablement
  4. Monitor source silence and schema drift per VPN device

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Stage parser change against stored event samples before live enablement provides a governed means to introduce the chosen safeguard while respecting security monitoring must not block legitimate remote sessions. A sound design without a safe, authorized rollout does not establish operating protection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Louder alerts do not recover unseen VPN events. The immediate requirement for remote-access SIEM is safe implementation, which this alternative does not provide.

B:

The design has already been selected and approved; choosing it again does not make a reversible operational change. In this case, the evidence involves remote-access SIEM and parser counter drops while device log volume is unchanged.

D:

Future assurance does not install the approved change under the current availability constraint. In this case, the evidence involves remote-access SIEM and parser counter drops while device log volume is unchanged.

Question 174

In Consumer video platform, a security issue affects serverless media processing: function has default outbound access and can retrieve unrelated customer buckets. The observed evidence is that trace shows public trigger supplying storage key outside its user's namespace. Operations must account for this constraint: uploads must continue without long-running servers. The owner needs a defensible cause and scope analysis, not yet a production fix. What should be investigated?

  1. Deploy narrowed IAM and secret rotation via canary function aliases
  2. Bind function privileges to per-user object path and minimal egress destinations
  3. Use WAF filtering alone on upload URL while keeping broad backend IAM
  4. Trace event identity, function token privileges and object authorization boundary

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Trace event identity, function token privileges and object authorization boundary connects the reported evidence (trace shows public trigger supplying storage key outside its user's namespace) to the underlying control, authority or dependency path. A justified mitigation requires knowing the real scope of the issue, not guessing from its label.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Changing production before understanding the reported path could act on the wrong cause and disrupt service. In this case, the evidence involves serverless media processing and trace shows public trigger supplying storage key outside its user's namespace.

B:

Proposing the control before establishing the scope would assume that the observed event arises from the expected trust boundary. In this case, the evidence involves serverless media processing and trace shows public trigger supplying storage key outside its user's namespace.

C:

Edge input filtering cannot replace resource authorization enforced in cloud. The immediate requirement for serverless media processing is evidence assessment, which this alternative does not provide.

Question 175

In Global retail chain, a security issue affects mobile point-of-sale endpoints: lost devices retain local cached payment support credentials. The observed evidence is that MDM inventory shows unencrypted cache and delayed wipe acknowledgment. Operations must account for this constraint: stores must process legitimate transactions offline for short periods. The new design passed review, but deployment must preserve critical services. Which controlled rollout best fits?

  1. Monitor unmanaged devices, stale offline grants and wipe confirmation
  2. Treat a screen lock as sufficient protection for permanently cached secrets
  3. Use hardware-backed encryption and short-lived offline transaction entitlements
  4. Push managed device profiles and scoped remote revocation while preserving offline safety

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Push managed device profiles and scoped remote revocation while preserving offline safety provides a governed means to introduce the chosen safeguard while respecting stores must process legitimate transactions offline for short periods. A sound design without a safe, authorized rollout does not establish operating protection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Future assurance does not install the approved change under the current availability constraint. In this case, the evidence involves mobile point-of-sale endpoints and MDM inventory shows unencrypted cache and delayed wipe acknowledgment.

B:

UI locking alone cannot protect offline credentials against device extraction. The immediate requirement for mobile point-of-sale endpoints is safe implementation, which this alternative does not provide.

C:

The design has already been selected and approved; choosing it again does not make a reversible operational change. In this case, the evidence involves mobile point-of-sale endpoints and MDM inventory shows unencrypted cache and delayed wipe acknowledgment.

Question 176

In Regional water authority, a security issue affects remote telemetry service: field concentrators trust commands from a shared regional access gateway. The observed evidence is that design review finds unauthenticated actuator message forwarding behind gateway. Operations must account for this constraint: pumping safety forbids uncontrolled test shutdown. The team is authorized to introduce the selected control. Which implementation method best honors the stated constraint?

  1. Update threat model as new partner concentrators or radio links are introduced
  2. Bind signed command identity to device and operator authorization at the controller
  3. Pilot authenticated command flow with staged fallback for emergency manual operation
  4. Assume internal placement behind a VPN is equivalent to command authorization

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Pilot authenticated command flow with staged fallback for emergency manual operation provides a governed means to introduce the chosen safeguard while respecting pumping safety forbids uncontrolled test shutdown. A sound design without a safe, authorized rollout does not establish operating protection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Future assurance does not install the approved change under the current availability constraint. In this case, the evidence involves remote telemetry service and design review finds unauthenticated actuator message forwarding behind gateway.

B:

The design has already been selected and approved; choosing it again does not make a reversible operational change. In this case, the evidence involves remote telemetry service and design review finds unauthenticated actuator message forwarding behind gateway.

D:

Network location does not prove message authenticity or operator privilege. The immediate requirement for remote telemetry service is safe implementation, which this alternative does not provide.

Question 177

In Public transit payment system, a security issue affects secure enclave fare-key handling: terminal tamper event does not revoke stored cryptographic material. The observed evidence is that controller telemetry shows case-open sensor but fare secrets remain active. Operations must account for this constraint: stations must support safe passenger exit during tamper response. The new design passed review, but deployment must preserve critical services. Which controlled rollout best fits?

  1. Use tamper-responsive secure element with zeroization and audited key lifecycle
  2. Add a loud case-open alarm but leave fare signing keys usable
  3. Review tamper alerts, key-rotation exceptions and device retirement proofs
  4. Introduce tamper handling on test terminals with fail-safe passenger operation

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Introduce tamper handling on test terminals with fail-safe passenger operation provides a governed means to introduce the chosen safeguard while respecting stations must support safe passenger exit during tamper response. A sound design without a safe, authorized rollout does not establish operating protection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The design has already been selected and approved; choosing it again does not make a reversible operational change. In this case, the evidence involves secure enclave fare-key handling and controller telemetry shows case-open sensor but fare secrets remain active.

B:

Detection without secret invalidation leaves a compromised terminal functional. The immediate requirement for secure enclave fare-key handling is safe implementation, which this alternative does not provide.

C:

Future assurance does not install the approved change under the current availability constraint. In this case, the evidence involves secure enclave fare-key handling and controller telemetry shows case-open sensor but fare secrets remain active.

Question 178

In Enterprise airline alliance, a security issue affects federated passenger identity: service accepts OAuth ID token as authorization to modify travel reservations. The observed evidence is that gateway trace shows audience mismatch while access token scopes are absent. Operations must account for this constraint: check-in must remain usable on partner airline identity. Implementation is the remaining gate; neither another design document nor a postrelease audit replaces it. Which execution action is best?

  1. Track new federation trust grants and unauthorized cross-airline booking attempts
  2. Use resource-specific scoped access tokens and validate issuer/audience at API boundary
  3. Treat a valid user login session as permission for any partner booking update
  4. Roll out dual-token handling with staged client compatibility and deny-by-default endpoints

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Roll out dual-token handling with staged client compatibility and deny-by-default endpoints provides a governed means to introduce the chosen safeguard while respecting check-in must remain usable on partner airline identity. A sound design without a safe, authorized rollout does not establish operating protection.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Future assurance does not install the approved change under the current availability constraint. In this case, the evidence involves federated passenger identity and gateway trace shows audience mismatch while access token scopes are absent.

B:

The design has already been selected and approved; choosing it again does not make a reversible operational change. In this case, the evidence involves federated passenger identity and gateway trace shows audience mismatch while access token scopes are absent.

C:

Authentication by itself does not create scoped delegated API authority. The immediate requirement for federated passenger identity is safe implementation, which this alternative does not provide.

Question 179

In National retail bank, a security issue affects remote-access SIEM: VPN failure alerts vanish after source changed its syslog format. The observed evidence is that parser counter drops while device log volume is unchanged. Operations must account for this constraint: security monitoring must not block legitimate remote sessions. Before declaring the control effective, which test should exercise both the affected path and permitted behavior?

  1. Compare raw syslog payloads, field parser mapping and ingestion loss periods
  2. Stage parser change against stored event samples before live enablement
  3. Increase alert severity on all remaining logs without restoring parser coverage
  4. Inject controlled VPN denial events and verify normalized SIEM fields

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Inject controlled VPN denial events and verify normalized SIEM fields tests whether the original failure can still occur and whether authorized activity continues to work. A change ticket or rollout confirmation is weaker than direct acceptance evidence.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Cause analysis belongs before implementation; it is not a retest of the deployed control on the originally affected path. In this case, the evidence involves remote-access SIEM and parser counter drops while device log volume is unchanged.

B:

A governed rollout makes the solution live, but installation and rollback readiness do not establish effectiveness. In this case, the evidence involves remote-access SIEM and parser counter drops while device log volume is unchanged.

C:

Louder alerts do not recover unseen VPN events. The immediate requirement for remote-access SIEM is verified remediation, which this alternative does not provide.

Question 180

In Payment platform network, a security issue affects merchant tokenization assurance: a provider supplies SOC 2 report but merchant PCI DSS scope includes a separate checkout script. The observed evidence is that assurance coverage omits script integrity and browser collection path. Operations must account for this constraint: payment processing cannot be interrupted for evidence review. Normal operations have resumed; leadership now wants sustained assurance rather than another one-time deployment. What should be tracked?

  1. Accept a service provider's SOC 2 report as complete proof of all PCI DSS obligations
  2. Design a control-to-evidence map including checkout integrity, contractual split and compensating safeguards
  3. Track scope changes and missed attestations under assigned compliance ownership
  4. Check live payment-script inventory and control evidence instead of relying on unrelated SOC report text

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Track scope changes and missed attestations under assigned compliance ownership identifies future loss of control, changed dependencies and exceptions affecting merchant tokenization assurance. Successful initial testing alone does not establish that the safeguard will remain effective.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Assurance scope and security-control applicability are not interchangeable. The immediate requirement for merchant tokenization assurance is ongoing assurance, which this alternative does not provide.

B:

Designing the safeguard is an earlier stage; ongoing assurance needs operational evidence of drift or bypass. In this case, the evidence involves merchant tokenization assurance and assurance coverage omits script integrity and browser collection path.

D:

A one-time retest may miss later identity, supplier or configuration changes; continuing assurance is required. In this case, the evidence involves merchant tokenization assurance and assurance coverage omits script integrity and browser collection path.

CompTIA SecurityX (CAS-005) Practice Tests