Fortinet NSE8_812 Exam Dumps, NSE8_812 Practice Test Questions

Fortinet NSE8_812 Exam Dumps & Practice Test Questions

Question 1:

You recently updated the application control profile to block Skype and applied the changes to the relevant firewall policy. However, users are still able to access Skype on the network. What are two possible reasons for this? (Choose two.)

A. The application control signature database is not current.
B. Deep SSL inspection is not activated.
C. A device was already connected to Skype and is serving as a relay for other clients.
D. The profile includes the FakeSkype.botnet application signature.

Correct Answer : A, B

Explanation:
When attempting to block applications such as Skype using a firewall policy, several factors may contribute to the failure of the block.

The first potential issue could be related to the application control signature database. In network security systems, signatures play a crucial role in identifying applications. If the application control signature database is not current, the firewall might not recognize the latest version of Skype or other application variants that are attempting to bypass the policy. This could explain why Skype remains accessible despite applying the block. Option A highlights this issue, suggesting that an outdated database is a possible reason for this problem.

Another potential cause is related to SSL inspection. If deep SSL inspection is not activated, encrypted traffic from applications like Skype may be missed by the firewall. Skype uses encryption for communication, and if SSL inspection is not configured to decrypt and inspect this traffic, the firewall cannot effectively apply the application control rules. As a result, Skype could still bypass the firewall’s filtering. This is explained in option B, which suggests that SSL inspection is a necessary component to ensure application control can fully inspect encrypted traffic.

Other options, such as C and D, are less likely to be the cause of the issue. While a device already connected to Skype could continue serving as a relay for other users, the firewall should still block new attempts to establish connections through the application control profile. Similarly, while FakeSkype.botnet could be a signature for a different type of malicious behavior, it wouldn't prevent Skype from being blocked unless the specific application control profile targeted that particular botnet signature.

Question 2:

After confirming that application control works for existing categories, you blocked Skype and updated the firewall policy accordingly. Yet, Skype remains accessible. What are two likely causes? (Choose two.)

A. The application control signature database hasn't been updated.
B. SSL inspection is not configured.
C. A machine already connected to Skype is acting as a relay after the policy update.
D. Your sensor includes a signature for FakeSkype.botnet.

Answer: A, B

Explanation:
There are several reasons why Skype might still be accessible even after updating the firewall policy to block it, and the two most likely causes are related to the signature database and SSL inspection.

The first possibility is that the application control signature database has not been updated. The firewall relies on a signature database to identify and block specific applications. If this database is outdated, the firewall may not recognize the latest version or behavior of Skype, meaning the application could bypass the firewall’s filtering rules. This is particularly critical for blocking applications like Skype, which may frequently change their methods of communication or add new features. Option A directly addresses this issue, and updating the signature database would be an essential step to ensure that Skype can be blocked effectively.

Another likely cause is the lack of SSL inspection configuration. Many modern applications, including Skype, use encryption to secure communications. If SSL inspection is not configured on the firewall, it cannot decrypt and analyze the traffic for potential application signatures. Without inspecting the encrypted traffic, the firewall would be unable to block Skype, as it cannot identify or block the application within the encrypted data stream. Option B refers to this issue, highlighting the importance of configuring SSL inspection to ensure that all traffic is inspected, including encrypted communication.

Options C and D are less likely to be the root causes. While it is possible that a machine already connected to Skype could act as a relay after the policy update, the firewall would still block new connection attempts based on the updated policy. Similarly, the presence of a signature for FakeSkype.botnet would be unrelated to Skype itself unless it specifically interfered with the application control rules, which is a less common occurrence.

Question 3:

Which three statements correctly describe factors influencing wireless network throughput? (Choose three.)

A. A wireless device labeled 300 Mbps should consistently achieve that speed in real usage.
B. Ensuring that client devices and access points support similar features improves throughput.
C. Reducing beacon transmission frequency can help enhance wireless performance.
D. The 2.4 GHz band typically offers lower performance due to greater RF interference.
E. Wireless networks work in full-duplex mode with low protocol overhead, yielding near-maximum data rates.

Correct Answer : B, C, D

Explanation:
Wireless network throughput can be influenced by various factors that either directly affect the bandwidth or limit the effective data transfer rate. The three most accurate statements for influencing wireless throughput are:

B. Ensuring that client devices and access points support similar features improves throughput.
When client devices and access points (APs) support compatible and advanced wireless technologies, such as the same Wi-Fi standard (e.g., 802.11ac or 802.11ax), the throughput can be significantly improved. This is because the connection is optimized for faster speeds, reduced interference, and more efficient data transmission protocols. Incompatible devices, on the other hand, may force the network to operate at lower speeds or introduce inefficiencies.

C. Reducing beacon transmission frequency can help enhance wireless performance.
Beacons are small management frames sent periodically by an AP to announce its presence and other network details. While beacons are necessary for maintaining network connectivity, they also consume bandwidth. Reducing the frequency of beacon transmissions can free up resources and reduce overhead, potentially improving overall network throughput. However, this needs to be balanced with the need for clients to maintain network awareness.

D. The 2.4 GHz band typically offers lower performance due to greater RF interference.
The 2.4 GHz band is highly congested due to its use by various devices, including microwaves, Bluetooth devices, and other wireless networks. This interference can result in signal degradation, slower speeds, and lower overall throughput. In contrast, the 5 GHz band generally experiences less interference and offers higher throughput, although it has a shorter range.

The other options do not accurately describe factors affecting throughput:

A. A wireless device labeled 300 Mbps should consistently achieve that speed in real usage.
This is incorrect because the speed listed on a wireless device is a theoretical maximum in ideal conditions. In real-world usage, factors such as distance, obstacles, interference, network congestion, and environmental conditions all impact the actual throughput, making it difficult to consistently achieve the maximum advertised speed.

E. Wireless networks work in full-duplex mode with low protocol overhead, yielding near-maximum data rates.
This statement is inaccurate because most wireless networks operate in half-duplex mode, meaning that devices can either send or receive data at any given time, not simultaneously. As a result, this creates a limitation on throughput and means that networks cannot achieve the maximum data rates under normal conditions. Additionally, protocol overhead can be significant, further reducing the available throughput.

Question 4:

You are deploying a wireless network in a crowded conference venue requiring many access points and reliable performance. Which approach is most suitable for handling high client density?

A. Set up a captive portal, use both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, allow AP and frequency handoff, and increase the number of channels used.
B. Deploy an open Wi-Fi network, enable both frequency bands, and use 802.11ac access points with bonded channels for higher throughput.
C. Use pre-shared keys for security, restrict access to the 5 GHz band, and implement 802.11ac APs with channel bonding.
D. Set up a captive portal, utilize both frequency bands, enable band steering, and activate rogue AP detection and automatic transmit power adjustment.

Correct Answer : D

Explanation:
When deploying a wireless network in a crowded environment such as a conference venue, the goal is to ensure that the network can handle high client density while maintaining good performance and minimizing interference. The most suitable approach is one that optimizes the use of available channels, manages access points effectively, and addresses potential security concerns.

D. Set up a captive portal, utilize both frequency bands, enable band steering, and activate rogue AP detection and automatic transmit power adjustment.
This approach is most appropriate for high client density scenarios because it combines several strategies to ensure performance and manage network resources effectively:

Captive portal: This is often used in public or high-traffic environments to manage user access, enforce terms of service, and ensure that only authorized users connect to the network.
Utilize both frequency bands: Using both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands helps to balance the load and optimize performance. The 2.4 GHz band provides broader coverage but is more prone to interference, while the 5 GHz band offers higher throughput with less interference.
Enable band steering: This helps to direct clients to the more optimal 5 GHz band when possible, as it provides faster speeds and is less congested than the 2.4 GHz band.
Rogue AP detection and automatic transmit power adjustment: These features help to prevent unauthorized access points from interfering with the network and allow the system to automatically adjust the power of APs to avoid channel overlap and optimize coverage.

The other options, while including some useful strategies, are not as effective for high-density environments:

A. Set up a captive portal, use both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, allow AP and frequency handoff, and increase the number of channels used.
While increasing the number of channels can help, the handoff of APs and frequency handoff is more relevant to mobile clients moving between different access points, which isn't always the main concern in a high-density environment. Also, this option doesn't include important features like band steering or transmit power adjustment.

B. Deploy an open Wi-Fi network, enable both frequency bands, and use 802.11ac access points with bonded channels for higher throughput.
Using an open Wi-Fi network is a security risk, especially in a high-traffic environment. Security should be a priority, and an open network without encryption is not suitable.

C. Use pre-shared keys for security, restrict access to the 5 GHz band, and implement 802.11ac APs with channel bonding.
Restricting access to the 5 GHz band is a poor strategy, as it limits the network's ability to optimize for higher throughput and reduce congestion. The 5 GHz band should be encouraged to balance the load and enhance performance.

Question 5:

Which of the following VPN protocols is officially supported by FortiGate for secure remote or site-to-site VPN connectivity?

A. E-LAN
B. PPTP
C. DMVPN
D. OpenVPN

Answer: D

Explanation:
FortiGate firewalls provide support for a variety of VPN protocols to ensure secure remote access or site-to-site connectivity. When it comes to officially supported VPN protocols, OpenVPN is one that is integrated into FortiGate’s capabilities.

D. OpenVPN is a widely supported and flexible VPN protocol that FortiGate supports natively, providing strong encryption, reliable connection options, and ease of use for both remote users and site-to-site configurations. OpenVPN operates over SSL/TLS, ensuring secure tunnels for users to connect to their FortiGate devices remotely or securely establish site-to-site connections.

Now, let’s address why the other options are incorrect:

A. E-LAN refers to Ethernet Local Area Network, which is a service offered by some providers but is not a VPN protocol supported by FortiGate.
B. PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) is an older, less secure VPN protocol that has been deprecated due to its weaknesses, and FortiGate does not officially support it due to its inherent security vulnerabilities.
C. DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN) is a Cisco-specific protocol designed to simplify the management of VPNs, particularly in hub-and-spoke topologies. FortiGate does not natively support DMVPN.

Thus, the correct VPN protocol that FortiGate officially supports is OpenVPN.

Question 6:

Your customer has two FortiGate 600F units in A-P HA at HQ and three regional spokes connected with overlay SD-WAN. BGP is used for dynamic routing. Which two design choices ensure sub-second failover for east-west traffic between spokes? (Choose 2.)

A. Configure BFD for all iBGP sessions across the overlay tunnels
B. Enable “HA session pickup” and “auxiliary session-sync” on the cluster
C. Replace iBGP with OSPF on IPsec tunnels and set hello-interval 1
D. Enable SD-WAN SLA Failover with fail-detect-mode immediate
E. Deploy FortiManager ADOM-level automation stitches to re-route traffic on failover

Answer: A, D

Explanation:
In high-availability (HA) environments and when working with SD-WAN, achieving sub-second failover is critical to ensure uninterrupted east-west traffic, particularly in a network involving multiple spokes and overlay tunnels. The two correct design choices are as follows:

A. Configure BFD for all iBGP sessions across the overlay tunnels
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a key feature that helps detect failures in the network path in a very short time frame. By configuring BFD for all iBGP sessions, you can achieve sub-second failover for routing decisions. BFD works by continuously sending control packets to check the state of a link, and if any disruption occurs, it immediately triggers a failover. This is critical for dynamic routing environments like BGP, as it ensures that the failure detection and failover mechanism happens quickly enough to avoid disruption in east-west traffic.

D. Enable SD-WAN SLA Failover with fail-detect-mode immediate
Another important design choice is enabling SD-WAN SLA Failover with fail-detect-mode immediate. This setting ensures that the SD-WAN can detect network failures at an accelerated pace by monitoring the service level agreement (SLA) metrics such as latency, jitter, or packet loss. When a failure is detected, SD-WAN will immediately trigger the failover process. This mechanism provides near-instantaneous rerouting and helps ensure that traffic can be quickly rerouted in the event of a failure, providing sub-second failover for east-west traffic between the regional spokes.

The other options are not as suitable for achieving sub-second failover:

B. Enable “HA session pickup” and “auxiliary session-sync” on the cluster
These features pertain more to maintaining session persistence in HA clusters when a failover occurs between HA units. While these settings are useful for session continuity, they are not specifically designed for fast detection and failover of routing paths, especially not on the scale required for east-west traffic in SD-WAN.

C. Replace iBGP with OSPF on IPsec tunnels and set hello-interval 1
While OSPF is a more efficient routing protocol for some scenarios, replacing iBGP with OSPF is not necessary for achieving sub-second failover. The BGP protocol, when paired with BFD, is already capable of fast failover, and changing to OSPF would require significant changes to the network design. Additionally, OSPF hello-interval adjustments can improve convergence times but would not necessarily provide sub-second failover by themselves.

E. Deploy FortiManager ADOM-level automation stitches to re-route traffic on failover
This option deals with automation for managing FortiGate devices and rerouting traffic using FortiManager. While FortiManager’s automation features can be helpful for network management, they do not directly influence the speed of failover for east-west traffic. Therefore, this solution would not achieve the necessary sub-second failover by itself.

Thus, the most effective design choices for ensuring sub-second failover are A (BFD for iBGP) and D (SD-WAN SLA Failover with immediate detection).

Question 7:

A FortiGate performing SSL deep inspection must decrypt TLS 1.3 traffic that uses the 0-RTT handshake. Which two configuration steps are mandatory? (Choose 2.)

A. Select a CA certificate flagged as internal under SSL/SSH Inspection profile
B. Enable “TLS 1.3 Early Data” support in the inspection profile
C. Disable hardware acceleration for NP-V6 processors to allow software proxy inspection
D. Set handshake-timeout to zero in the config firewall ssl-ssh-profile CLI
E. Activate “Full proxy mode” in the relevant firewall policy

Answer: B, E

Explanation:
SSL deep inspection is used to decrypt and inspect encrypted traffic to detect threats and apply security policies. TLS 1.3 has introduced the 0-RTT handshake, which enables faster connections but also creates challenges for traffic inspection. To handle TLS 1.3 with 0-RTT effectively, certain configurations are necessary.

B. Enable “TLS 1.3 Early Data” support in the inspection profile
In order to decrypt traffic that uses the 0-RTT handshake in TLS 1.3, it is essential to enable “TLS 1.3 Early Data” support in the SSL/SSH inspection profile. This allows the FortiGate firewall to handle the early data (which is part of the 0-RTT handshake) properly. Without this option enabled, the firewall might not be able to properly decrypt or inspect early data in the 0-RTT handshake.

E. Activate “Full proxy mode” in the relevant firewall policy
To perform deep inspection on encrypted traffic, Full Proxy Mode needs to be activated in the firewall policy. Full Proxy Mode allows the FortiGate to fully decrypt and re-encrypt the traffic, ensuring that inspection can be done on the entire session, including the 0-RTT data in TLS 1.3. Without Full Proxy Mode, the firewall cannot act as a complete intermediary to properly handle the decryption process.

The other options are less relevant for this specific scenario:

A. Select a CA certificate flagged as internal under SSL/SSH Inspection profile
While this option involves selecting a CA certificate for SSL inspection, it does not specifically address the challenge of decrypting TLS 1.3 traffic using 0-RTT. The correct action for this is to enable TLS 1.3 early data support, which addresses the use of the 0-RTT handshake specifically.
C. Disable hardware acceleration for NP-V6 processors to allow software proxy inspection
Disabling hardware acceleration would be a performance optimization choice rather than a necessary step for dealing with 0-RTT handshake decryption. Hardware acceleration is used to offload intensive tasks and improve throughput, so disabling it is not required for inspecting TLS 1.3 traffic using 0-RTT.
D. Set handshake-timeout to zero in the config firewall ssl-ssh-profile CLI
This setting changes the timeout for the handshake process but does not directly relate to the decryption of 0-RTT traffic. The focus for TLS 1.3 decryption should be on enabling TLS 1.3 early data support and ensuring full proxy mode is enabled.

Question 8:

You are troubleshooting high memory consumption on a FortiGate 3000D running 7.2.5 in flow-based inspection. diagnose sys top shows many wad workers. Which two actions lower memory use without reducing security posture? (Choose 2.)

A. Switch antivirus from proxy-based to flow-based engine
B. Disable HTTP/2 multiplexing in the SSL inspection profile
C. Enable UTM offload to NPU with config system npu-offload
D. Reduce the wad-worker-count under config system global
E. Move high-bandwidth web categories to an explicit proxy policy set

Answer: A, C

Explanation:
High memory consumption, especially from wad workers, can indicate excessive resource use on a FortiGate unit. These workers are responsible for various UTM (Unified Threat Management) tasks such as antivirus scanning, web filtering, and SSL inspection. To lower memory use without compromising security, there are a couple of key actions to consider:

A. Switch antivirus from proxy-based to flow-based engine
Flow-based inspection uses less memory compared to proxy-based inspection. In proxy-based mode, the FortiGate firewall fully proxies the traffic, inspecting all content thoroughly, which increases memory consumption. However, flow-based inspection operates more efficiently, inspecting packets as they pass through without fully buffering them, thus reducing memory usage while still offering adequate security protection. Switching antivirus inspection from proxy-based to flow-based will reduce memory overhead significantly without weakening the security posture, as flow-based antivirus can still detect and block threats effectively.

C. Enable UTM offload to NPU with config system npu-offload
Enabling UTM offload to the NPU (Network Processing Unit) offloads resource-intensive tasks like antivirus scanning, IPS, and web filtering to dedicated hardware instead of using the main CPU. This reduces the load on the firewall’s CPU and helps lower memory usage. The NPU is optimized to handle these tasks more efficiently, which improves overall performance and reduces memory consumption while maintaining security.

The other options are either not directly related to memory usage or would potentially reduce security posture:

B. Disable HTTP/2 multiplexing in the SSL inspection profile
Disabling HTTP/2 multiplexing may reduce some complexity in traffic inspection, but this would not have a significant impact on memory usage and could even limit the effectiveness of SSL inspection in some cases. HTTP/2 multiplexing allows multiple requests to be handled efficiently over a single connection, and disabling it may degrade performance in some scenarios.
D. Reduce the wad-worker-count under config system global
Reducing the wad-worker-count might seem like a good way to lower memory usage, but it could potentially reduce the ability of the FortiGate to process high volumes of traffic, negatively impacting performance. This adjustment is more of a tradeoff in terms of performance rather than an effective way to reduce memory consumption.
E. Move high-bandwidth web categories to an explicit proxy policy set
This approach would change how traffic is routed and processed but does not directly address the memory consumption issue. While an explicit proxy policy could provide additional control over traffic, it might not significantly lower memory use and could complicate the configuration without offering a clear benefit in this context.

Therefore, the best choices for lowering memory usage without affecting security posture are A (switching to flow-based antivirus) and C (enabling UTM offload to NPU).

Question 9:

In FortiManager 7.4, which two mechanisms allow parallel configuration workflows by separate teams without risking policy overwrite on a managed FortiGate? (Choose 2.)

A. Workspace Session-based mode with per-ADOM locking
B. FortiGuard Policy Assist cloud suggestions
C. Policy and Objects Global Database with CLI-only objects
D. Workflow Approval Rules coupled with Auto-archive revisions
E. Policy Packages using Selective Install (Install Wizard – Install Only Policy Package Diff)

Answer: A, E

Explanation:
FortiManager is designed to enable centralized management of multiple FortiGate devices, including policy creation, version control, and deployment. In large environments with multiple administrators or teams, it is essential to prevent policy overwrites and ensure changes can be made safely in parallel. Two features in FortiManager 7.4 are particularly useful for this: Workspace Session-based mode with per-ADOM locking and Selective Install using the Install Wizard.

A. Workspace Session-based mode with per-ADOM locking
FortiManager’s Workspace mode allows multiple administrators to work simultaneously within different Administrative Domains (ADOMs) or in the same ADOM using separate sessions. Session-based workspace ensures changes are isolated until reviewed and committed. This means that changes made by one team won’t immediately affect others, helping avoid unintended overwrites. Per-ADOM locking further ensures that administrative access is organized, where one user or group controls a specific ADOM at a time, providing structured, conflict-free collaboration.

E. Policy Packages using Selective Install (Install Wizard – Install Only Policy Package Diff)
The Selective Install option enables administrators to push only the differences (diffs) between the current configuration and the new one. This minimizes the risk of overwriting other teams' changes. For example, if Team A is working on web filtering rules and Team B is modifying firewall policies, each team can install only their respective changes without touching unrelated configurations. This capability is crucial in large teams where parallel workflows are common and full-policy deployment might disrupt other services or cause conflicts.

The other options do not directly support parallel configuration workflows:

B. FortiGuard Policy Assist cloud suggestions
This feature provides intelligent policy recommendations based on cloud intelligence and best practices, but it does not provide any workflow isolation or concurrency control. It’s more of a guidance and optimization tool rather than a mechanism for multi-admin collaboration.

C. Policy and Objects Global Database with CLI-only objects
Global Database usage is focused on pushing shared objects across multiple ADOMs or devices, but CLI-only objects are static and not designed to support parallel workflows. There is no dynamic session management or version isolation in this method.

D. Workflow Approval Rules coupled with Auto-archive revisions
Workflow approval rules help enforce change control and ensure administrative oversight before deployment, and auto-archive ensures rollback points are saved. However, they do not inherently support parallel configuration editing. They ensure controlled sequencing, not parallelism.

Therefore, for true support of concurrent configuration changes by multiple teams without the risk of policy overwrite, A and E are the appropriate answers.

Question 10:

A multisite data-center uses EVPN-VXLAN for layer-2 extension between FortiGate 7080 chassis clusters. To enforce stateful security at each fabric edge, which two Fortinet features are required? (Choose 2.)

A. Virtual Wire Pair policies bound to VTEP VLAN interfaces
B. VXLAN-aware session table with set vlan-embed enable
C. Dynamic routing redistribution of EVPN routes into BGP-SDN connector
D. Active-active FGSP (Session Life Support Protocol) between chassis groups
E. VLAN-to-VXLAN mapping using set vni under config system vxlan

Answer: B, E

Explanation:
When implementing EVPN-VXLAN in a multisite data center using FortiGate chassis clusters, the main challenge is to maintain session state and provide consistent security enforcement at each edge of the fabric. EVPN-VXLAN allows Layer 2 segments to be stretched across geographic locations, but this creates a need for intelligent session tracking and VXLAN support in the FortiGate infrastructure.

B. VXLAN-aware session table with set vlan-embed enable
To maintain stateful session tracking across VXLAN tunnels, FortiGate needs to be VXLAN-aware, especially in an EVPN-VXLAN environment. By enabling vlan-embed in the session table (set vlan-embed enable), FortiGate becomes capable of tracking traffic inside VXLAN tunnels accurately. This setting ensures that the embedded VLAN information (used in encapsulated VXLAN traffic) is parsed correctly by the session table, which is essential for enforcing stateful security policies at each site.

E. VLAN-to-VXLAN mapping using set vni under config system vxlan
This configuration step establishes the relationship between VLAN IDs and their corresponding VXLAN Network Identifiers (VNIs). It is a core requirement for bridging the traditional Layer 2 network model with VXLAN overlays. Without proper VLAN-to-VXLAN mapping, the FortiGate chassis cluster cannot correctly interpret or forward VXLAN traffic. This mapping is critical for correctly segmenting and isolating traffic across the VXLAN fabric and for enforcing policies per logical segment.

The remaining options are less relevant or not suitable:

A. Virtual Wire Pair policies bound to VTEP VLAN interfaces
Virtual Wire Pair (VWP) policies are used for bridging and inspecting traffic between interfaces transparently. While useful in some security designs, VWP is not optimized for VXLAN scenarios, especially when the goal is to apply stateful policies across EVPN tunnels. Binding policies to VTEP VLANs doesn’t inherently provide VXLAN context or session awareness.

C. Dynamic routing redistribution of EVPN routes into BGP-SDN connector
Redistribution of EVPN routes is part of the broader control plane setup, but it doesn't address stateful inspection. The BGP-SDN connector is used in SD-WAN and automation contexts and is not directly responsible for enforcing stateful security or handling VXLAN encapsulated traffic.

D. Active-active FGSP (Session Life Support Protocol) between chassis groups
FGSP supports session synchronization between FortiGates but is limited in scalability and doesn’t provide the distributed awareness or VXLAN-native capabilities required in an EVPN-VXLAN data center. It is better suited for smaller deployments or simple failover scenarios.

Therefore, to enforce stateful security in an EVPN-VXLAN-based multisite data center using FortiGate 7080 chassis, the two essential features are VXLAN-aware session tables (B) and VLAN-to-VXLAN mapping (E).