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Huawei H12-811 Exam Dumps & Practice Test Questions

Question No 1:

In the context of the AC (Access Controller) in the AC + Fit AP (Access Point) architecture, which of the following functions is not supported by the AC?

A. User access control
B. AP configuration delivery
C. User access authentication
D. User data packet forwarding regardless of the data forwarding mode

Answer: D

Explanation:

In an AC + Fit AP architecture, the Access Controller (AC) is responsible for managing and controlling multiple Access Points (APs) in a network. The AC plays a central role in ensuring efficient operation and streamlined management of the wireless network. However, its responsibilities are limited to control-plane functions, while certain tasks are handled by the Access Points themselves.

  • A. User access control: The AC handles user access control by implementing network policies such as authentication and authorization. It ensures that only authorized users can connect to the network and enforces security protocols.

  • B. AP configuration delivery: The AC is responsible for delivering configuration settings to the APs. By centrally managing the AP configurations, the AC ensures that network settings like SSID, security settings, and radio configurations are uniformly applied across all APs, simplifying network management.

  • C. User access authentication: The AC plays a crucial role in user access authentication. It typically interacts with external authentication servers (e.g., RADIUS) to validate the credentials of devices attempting to join the network. This ensures that only authenticated devices gain access to the network.

  • D. User data packet forwarding regardless of the data forwarding mode: The AC does not handle the forwarding of user data packets. This is the key distinction. In an AC + Fit AP architecture, the APs are responsible for user data forwarding, either locally or centrally, depending on the network configuration. In local switching mode, the AP forwards data directly to its destination. In centralized forwarding mode, the AP forwards the data to the AC for further processing. Therefore, the AC is not directly involved in data packet forwarding in either mode.

Thus, the AC handles management, control, and authentication tasks but does not forward user data packets, making D the correct answer.

Question No 2:

In networking, the broadcast address refers to an address where all the host bits are set to 1. This broadcast address can also be used as a valid host address within a network.

Which of the following statements is correct?

A. True
B. False

Answer: B

Explanation:

A broadcast address is a special type of IP address used for sending messages to all devices in a network simultaneously. While it shares similarities with host addresses, it is fundamentally different in its purpose and usage.

  • Structure of an IP Address: An IP address consists of two parts: the network portion and the host portion. The network portion identifies the network, while the host portion identifies specific devices or hosts within that network. The subnet mask is used to distinguish between these two portions.

  • Broadcast Address: The broadcast address is generated by setting all the bits in the host portion of the network address to 1. For example, in a network with the address 192.168.1.0 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, the broadcast address would be 192.168.1.255. This address, with all host bits set to 1, is used to broadcast messages to all devices on the network.

  • Use of the Broadcast Address: Although the broadcast address consists of all 1s in the host portion, it is not considered a valid address for any individual host. The broadcast address is reserved specifically for sending broadcast messages to every device within the network. Assigning this address to a host would disrupt network operations, as it is meant for broadcast communication, not regular data exchange between devices.

  • Conclusion: While the broadcast address indeed has all host bits set to 1, it is not a valid address for any specific device within the network. It is reserved for broadcasting messages to all devices. Therefore, the statement in the question is false.

In summary, while the broadcast address has all host bits set to 1, it is not a valid host address and is used for network-wide communication. Hence, the correct answer is B.

Question No 3:

Which of the following IEEE 802.11 wireless networking standards exclusively operates within the 2.4 GHz frequency band?

A. IEEE 802.11a
B. IEEE 802.11g
C. IEEE 802.11n
D. IEEE 802.11ax

Answer: B. IEEE 802.11g

Explanation:

The IEEE 802.11 standards define various wireless networking protocols. Different standards operate on different frequency bands, with the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands being the most common. Let’s break down each standard:

  • IEEE 802.11a: This standard operates exclusively in the 5 GHz frequency band. It provides speeds up to 54 Mbps, but it does not support the 2.4 GHz frequency.

  • IEEE 802.11g: This standard operates exclusively in the 2.4 GHz frequency band and supports data rates up to 54 Mbps. It is backward compatible with 802.11b, which also operates in the 2.4 GHz range.

  • IEEE 802.11n: This standard operates on both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands. It can achieve higher data rates, up to 600 Mbps, by using MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology.

  • IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6): The latest Wi-Fi standard, IEEE 802.11ax, operates on both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. It is designed to improve performance in high-density environments with better efficiency and capacity.

Therefore, the correct answer is IEEE 802.11g, as it operates exclusively on the 2.4 GHz frequency band.

Question No 4:

In a network management system using SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) to manage various devices, which SNMP message is sent by a managed device when it detects an abnormal event or condition?

A. get-response
B. set-request
C. trap
D. get-request

Answer: C. trap

Explanation:

In SNMP, the Trap message is sent by a managed device (SNMP agent) to the Network Management Station (NMS) to notify it of an abnormal event or condition, such as a failure or an error. Traps are unsolicited notifications that alert the NMS to take action or investigate the issue. They are crucial for efficient network monitoring and management because they enable proactive responses to issues without having to continually poll devices.

Here’s a breakdown of the other SNMP messages:

  • Get-response: This message is sent by the SNMP agent in response to a Get-request from the NMS. It simply provides the requested information and does not notify about events or errors.

  • Set-request: This message is sent by the NMS to the agent to change the value of a specified object in the agent's MIB (Management Information Base). It is used for configuration changes, not event notifications.

  • Get-request: This message is sent by the NMS to request specific information from the agent. It is part of the polling process and does not notify the NMS about abnormal conditions.

Therefore, the correct answer is Trap, as it is the SNMP message used for notifying the NMS about abnormal events or conditions detected by the managed device.

Question No 5:

In the context of Software-Defined Networking (SDN), the controller is a critical component that manages the network by communicating with network devices. It connects to these devices using southbound interfaces, which allow the controller to send configuration and management instructions.

Southbound protocols play a crucial role in the controller-device communication. Which of the following are southbound protocols commonly used by the SDN controller to interact with the network devices? (Select two options.)

A. OpenFlow
B. NETCONF
C. SNMP
D. PCEP

Answer:
A. OpenFlow
B. NETCONF

Explanation:

In Software-Defined Networking (SDN), southbound interfaces allow communication between the SDN controller and network devices, such as switches and routers. These interfaces use specific protocols to control and configure network devices in the data plane.

  • OpenFlow (A):
    OpenFlow is one of the most popular southbound protocols in SDN. It allows the SDN controller to communicate with network devices, particularly switches, by configuring flow tables. This protocol is used to direct traffic and manage forwarding rules within the network.

  • NETCONF (B):
    NETCONF is another southbound protocol used in SDN. It enables configuration, monitoring, and management of network devices. NETCONF supports XML-based communication and provides standardized mechanisms for network management, making it suitable for device configuration and monitoring.

  • SNMP (C):
    Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a network management protocol, but it is not typically used as a southbound protocol in SDN for device configuration and control. Instead, SNMP is more suited for monitoring network devices in traditional network management environments.

  • PCEP (D):
    Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) is used for path computation and traffic engineering, particularly in MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) networks. It is not a southbound protocol for configuring network devices in SDN environments.

In summary, OpenFlow and NETCONF are the primary southbound protocols used in SDN to facilitate communication between the controller and network devices.

Question No 6:

When both ends of a link running the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) detect that the physical link is active, the link state transitions from "dead" to "established." During this phase, a protocol is used to negotiate link parameters between the two ends of the connection.

Which of the following protocols is responsible for this negotiation?

A. IP
B. DHCP
C. LCP
D. NCP

Answer: C. LCP (Link Control Protocol).

Explanation:

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is used for direct connections between two devices over serial links or virtual circuits. Once the physical link is detected as active and the link transitions from "dead" to "established," the next step is to negotiate the link parameters. This is where LCP (Link Control Protocol) comes into play.

  • LCP (Link Control Protocol):
     LCP is responsible for negotiating, configuring, and maintaining the PPP link. It allows the two endpoints to agree on several key parameters such as:

    • Maximum frame size (MTU)

    • Authentication methods

    • Compression settings

    • Error detection mechanisms

  • The LCP negotiation ensures that both ends of the PPP link can communicate effectively and are configured with compatible settings.

  • NCP (Network Control Protocol):
    NCP is used after LCP has successfully negotiated the link parameters. It is responsible for configuring network layer protocols, like IP, over the PPP link. NCP does not handle the initial link setup or parameter negotiation.

  • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol):
    DHCP is used to assign IP addresses dynamically within a network but is not involved in the PPP link negotiation.

  • IP (Internet Protocol):
    IP is a network-layer protocol that handles the routing of packets across networks. It is not involved in the PPP link parameter negotiation process.

In conclusion, LCP is the protocol responsible for negotiating link parameters when a PPP link is established.

Question No 7:

Which of the following application-layer protocols operate over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?

A. Ping
B. Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
C. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
D. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Answer: C. FTP , D. HTTP

Explanation:

Application-layer protocols are protocols used by applications to communicate over a network. These protocols generally work on top of transport-layer protocols like TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) or UDP (User Datagram Protocol), depending on the requirements for reliability, flow control, and error handling.

Let’s break down the choices:

  • A. Ping: Ping is a diagnostic tool used to check the reachability of a host on an IP network. It uses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), not TCP. ICMP operates at the network layer and does not provide the reliable, connection-oriented communication that TCP does.

  • B. TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol): TFTP is a simplified version of FTP, used for transferring files over the network, especially for tasks like bootstrapping or transferring configuration files. However, TFTP operates over UDP, not TCP. UDP is connectionless and does not guarantee reliable delivery, unlike TCP.

  • C. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): FTP is used for transferring files between systems over a network. It operates over TCP, using two separate connections: one for control commands (usually on port 21) and another for data transfer. The use of TCP ensures reliable communication, where data is transmitted in the correct order without errors.

  • D. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): HTTP is the protocol used for transferring web pages and other resources over the World Wide Web. It also operates over TCP, typically using port 80. TCP provides reliability in HTTP communication, ensuring that requests and responses are successfully transmitted.

FTP and HTTP are the correct answers because they both operate over TCP. Ping (ICMP) and TFTP (UDP) do not use TCP.

Question No 8:

Which of the following is not considered an open API of Huawei controllers?

A. RESTful
B. NETCONF
C. AAA
D. OpenFlow

Answer: C. AAA

Explanation:

In networking, open APIs enable third-party applications and systems to communicate with devices and services in a standardized way. Huawei controllers, like other network devices, support various open APIs to allow for configuration, monitoring, and management of network elements. Let's review the options:

  • A. RESTful: RESTful APIs are widely used in networking and other domains because they allow stateless communication over HTTP, making them flexible and scalable. Huawei controllers support RESTful APIs to allow integration with external applications for configuration, monitoring, and management of devices. This is an open and widely adopted API protocol.

  • B. NETCONF: NETCONF (Network Configuration Protocol) is used for network device configuration and management. It uses XML-based messages to enable structured and programmatic control of network devices. NETCONF is an IETF standard and is supported as an open API by Huawei controllers for seamless device management.

  • C. AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting): AAA is a framework that manages network access, security, and accounting. It is a set of protocols (e.g., RADIUS, TACACS+) used to handle user authentication, authorization, and accounting, but AAA is not an open API. It is a security framework and does not offer the programmability or automation features of an API. Therefore, it is not considered an open API in the context of network automation and configuration.

  • D. OpenFlow: OpenFlow is a protocol used in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to separate the control plane from the data plane in network devices. It is an open API widely adopted in SDN environments, and Huawei controllers support it to facilitate SDN programmability and automation.

AAA is a security framework used for managing network access and is not an open API like RESTful, NETCONF, or OpenFlow. Therefore, the correct answer is C. AAA.

Question No 9:

What is the purpose of the OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) routing protocol in a network?

A. To exchange routing information based on distance-vector metrics.
B. To calculate the best path using link-state information.
C. To configure default routes for static routing.
D. To provide routing information based on hop count.

Correct Answer: B. To calculate the best path using link-state information.

Explanation:

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol widely used in large enterprise networks for dynamic routing. Unlike distance-vector protocols like RIP (Routing Information Protocol), which use hop count as a metric, OSPF uses a link-state database to calculate the shortest path first (SPF) using the Dijkstra algorithm.

Each OSPF router exchanges information about its links (i.e., directly connected interfaces) with other routers in the same OSPF area. This allows routers to have a complete and synchronized view of the network topology, which is then used to calculate the optimal route to each destination.

The main advantages of OSPF include faster convergence, scalability, and support for large networks. OSPF routers send hello packets to form adjacencies with neighboring routers and exchange Link-State Advertisements (LSAs) to update their link-state database. The SPF algorithm then computes the shortest path based on the link cost.

Options A, C, and D are incorrect because:

  • A refers to distance-vector routing, not link-state.

  • C refers to static routing, which is manually configured, not dynamic like OSPF.

  • D refers to protocols like RIP, which uses hop count as a metric, not OSPF.

Question No 10:

Which of the following statements best describes the function of VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) in network segmentation?

A. VLANs allow the creation of multiple broadcast domains within a single physical network.
B. VLANs are used to separate networks based on geographic location only.
C. VLANs provide encryption for data traveling between network segments.
D. VLANs can only be used in networks that have Layer 3 routers.

Answer: A. VLANs allow the creation of multiple broadcast domains within a single physical network.

Explanation:

VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) are used to segment a physical network into multiple logical networks. This segmentation is accomplished by grouping devices with similar communication needs or traffic types into the same VLAN, even if they are physically located in different parts of the network.

One of the key benefits of VLANs is that they allow the creation of multiple broadcast domains within a single physical network. This means that devices in the same VLAN can communicate with each other, but broadcast traffic (e.g., ARP requests) is limited to the devices within that VLAN, rather than the entire network. This reduces broadcast traffic and increases network efficiency.

By isolating traffic within VLANs, network administrators can improve security and performance by reducing the scope of broadcast traffic, controlling traffic flow, and limiting network access to authorized devices. VLANs can be used to separate departments or business units, like marketing, HR, and finance, within the same physical network infrastructure.

Option B is incorrect because VLANs are not defined by geographic location but by logical grouping of devices.
 Option C is incorrect because VLANs themselves do not provide encryption; encryption technologies like IPsec or SSL are used for data security.
 Option D is incorrect because VLANs operate at Layer 2 (Data Link layer) of the OSI model, not necessarily requiring Layer 3 routing, although Layer 3 switches are commonly used for routing between VLANs (i.e., inter-VLAN routing).

Thus, VLANs are an essential part of network design and are particularly useful for efficient network management and enhanced security by controlling broadcast traffic.

The Huawei H12-811 exam focuses on fundamental networking concepts such as IP addressing, routing protocols (including OSPF), network segmentation, and other key concepts used to design and manage enterprise networks. The questions above address common exam topics, including the function of OSPF in routing and the role of VLANs in network segmentation. Understanding these topics is crucial for configuring and managing networks effectively, and they form the foundation for the HCNA certification.

By mastering these concepts and practicing with similar questions, you can gain the knowledge and experience required to successfully pass the Huawei H12-811 exam and advance your career in networking.