Salesforce CRT-450 Exam Dumps & Practice Test Questions
Question 1:
A developer at Universal Containers needs to add a custom button to the Account object. When clicked, it should perform calculations and redirect to a custom Visualforce page. Which three attributes are essential in the apex:page tag for this page?
A. action
B. renderAs
C. standardController
D. readOnly
E. extensions
Answer: C
Explanation:
When a developer adds a custom button to an object like Account, they often need it to interact with a Visualforce page. For this specific use case, where the page needs to perform calculations and then redirect the user to a custom page, certain attributes in the <apex:page> tag are required to define how the page should behave.
standardController is essential in this case. It ties the Visualforce page to a specific object (such as Account) and allows the page to interact with records of that object type. By using this attribute, the page will automatically have access to the data and functionality related to the Account object. Without it, the page wouldn’t be able to reference or manipulate Account records directly.
Another important aspect is the action attribute, which defines the Apex method that is called when the page is loaded. This is necessary when the Visualforce page must perform calculations. The action can invoke the necessary methods that will execute the calculations based on the record or user input.
The renderAs attribute defines how the Visualforce page is displayed (e.g., as HTML, PDF, etc.). For this question, though, it isn't directly relevant to the functionality described but might still be used depending on how the page is intended to render. However, it is not strictly essential for the purpose of performing calculations and redirecting.
The readOnly attribute determines whether the page is in read-only mode, which is useful if you don’t want users to modify the record’s fields directly on the page. While it may be useful in some cases, it's not a critical requirement for the task described.
Lastly, extensions can be used to add additional functionality to the page, usually for more advanced use cases or to enhance the controller's behavior. While it can be useful in some scenarios, it is not strictly necessary for this task, as the calculation and redirection can be handled by the standardController and action alone.
Therefore, the most essential attributes for performing the required tasks are standardController, action, and possibly extensions depending on the exact complexity of the task.
Question 2:
A developer renames a field's API name using Schema Builder, but the field is referenced in an existing Apex test class. What will be the outcome?
A. The API name remains unchanged with no other effects.
B. Both the API name and references in code are updated automatically.
C. The API name changes, and a warning is shown to update the class manually.
D. The API name and Apex references are automatically updated.
Answer: C
Explanation:
When a developer renames a field’s API name using Schema Builder, Salesforce automatically updates the field’s metadata, but the existing references to that field in code, such as in Apex test classes, are not automatically updated. Instead, a warning will be displayed, indicating that the class needs to be manually updated to reflect the new field name.
This is important because the references in Apex code rely on the field's API name. If the field name is changed but the Apex code still uses the old name, the code will break with errors because it no longer matches the field’s updated name in the Salesforce schema. Therefore, the developer must manually go into the test class or any other relevant code and update the references to the new API name.
Salesforce does not automatically update Apex code references because doing so could lead to unintended changes in business logic or behaviors, especially if the field is used in multiple places across different parts of the system.
The option B ("Both the API name and references in code are updated automatically") is incorrect because Salesforce does not handle the automatic update of Apex code references. Similarly, D ("The API name and Apex references are automatically updated") is also incorrect for the same reason.
A ("The API name remains unchanged with no other effects") is not correct either because the API name does change, but the references to the field in code must be manually updated to match the new name.
Thus, the correct outcome is that the API name will change, and a warning will prompt the developer to update the class manually. This ensures that the developer has control over when and how the changes to the field’s API name are incorporated into the codebase.
Question 3:
In which scenario is an Apex Trigger required instead of using Process Builder?
A. When a new record needs to be created
B. When updating multiple related records
C. When posting to Chatter
D. When an operation is needed before a DML event or on record delete/undelete
Answer: D
Explanation:
While both Apex Triggers and Process Builder can be used to automate actions within Salesforce, there are certain scenarios where an Apex Trigger is necessary due to its greater flexibility and ability to interact with Salesforce at a deeper level.
The correct answer here is D, because Apex Triggers allow for operations to be executed before a DML event (such as insert, update, delete) or on record delete/undelete. This is an important distinction because Process Builder can only handle operations after the DML event (like after a record is saved or updated). Apex Triggers, on the other hand, can fire before changes are committed to the database, which is crucial in scenarios where data validation, modification, or other operations need to be done before a record is actually saved or deleted.
For example, if you need to modify the field values of a record before it's saved or implement custom logic when a record is deleted (such as updating related records or triggering an alert), an Apex Trigger is required because Process Builder cannot execute actions before the DML operations or handle operations that are specifically triggered by a delete or undelete event.
A. When a new record needs to be created is incorrect because Process Builder can handle record creation just fine. For example, you can use Process Builder to create new records based on criteria, and it’s often easier and more straightforward than writing an Apex Trigger.
B. When updating multiple related records is also incorrect. While Process Builder can update related records using the "Update Records" action, Apex Triggers are typically necessary for more complex updates across multiple records, especially when dealing with more complicated relationships or logic.
C. When posting to Chatter is incorrect because Process Builder can be used to post to Chatter as well. Process Builder has a specific action to post to Chatter, and no trigger is required unless the logic becomes complex and needs more customization than what Process Builder offers.
Thus, the scenario where Apex Trigger is required instead of Process Builder is when operations need to happen before a DML event or specifically when handling record deletion/undelete scenarios.
Question 4:
While importing records from an external system, the developer must relate them to existing parent records using a foreign key, but without Salesforce IDs. What is the best solution?
A. Add a Unique custom field to the parent object
B. Add an External Relationship field to the child object
C. Create a custom field on the parent marked as an External ID
D. Add a Foreign Key field to the child object
Answer: B
Explanation:
When importing records from an external system and needing to relate them to existing parent records without using Salesforce IDs, the best practice is to use an External Relationship field on the child object. This type of relationship allows you to associate records from an external system with Salesforce records without using Salesforce’s native ID fields.
An External Relationship field is used when you need to relate records to parent records based on an external system’s identifier. This type of field is specifically designed for scenarios where you don’t want to use the Salesforce record IDs. It leverages the External ID field on the related parent object to match the records from the external system. This is a one-to-one relationship where Salesforce uses the external key (external system’s identifier) to look up the corresponding parent record.
Here’s why the other options are not the best solutions:
A. Add a Unique custom field to the parent object is not an ideal solution because a Unique custom field would allow for identification but wouldn’t facilitate the relationship itself. Salesforce would not automatically establish a link between the child and parent records without using the proper relationship field type. A unique field does not establish the necessary linkage for relational data.
C. Create a custom field on the parent marked as an External ID is also a valid option but more suitable for when you need to look up records from an external system in the parent object directly. However, in the case of linking child records to a parent, you would typically use the External Relationship field on the child object, not the parent object, to ensure the child can reference the external system's key.
D. Add a Foreign Key field to the child object is not a suitable solution because Salesforce doesn’t use the concept of a “foreign key” in the same way as traditional relational databases. The Foreign Key concept is somewhat mimicked by relationship fields in Salesforce, but to import records based on an external system’s identifier, you specifically need an External Relationship field to map that relationship.
Therefore, the correct approach is to use an External Relationship field on the child object, which allows for the external key to be used for relating the records properly without using Salesforce’s internal IDs.
Question 5:
A developer needs a Lightning component to work with different Apex classes for various objects, all of which must return a text summary. What’s the best design approach?
A. Each class should have a method getObject() returning the related sObject
B. Inherit all classes from a base class with a getTextSummary() method
C. Implement an interface in each class that defines getTextSummary()
D. Define getTextSummary() separately in each class without shared structure
Answer: C
Explanation:
The best design approach for working with different Apex classes for various objects in this scenario is to implement an interface in each class that defines a common method like getTextSummary().
Implementing an interface ensures that each class is required to implement the getTextSummary() method, providing consistency across all classes, while still allowing the flexibility to define object-specific logic. The interface can define the signature of getTextSummary(), and each class would then implement this method, ensuring that the same functionality (getting a text summary) is available for every object, but with specific implementation logic tailored to each object.
Let's go through the other options:
A. Each class should have a method getObject() returning the related sObject is not ideal because this approach would not ensure that every class consistently provides a text summary. It only focuses on getting the sObject, which doesn’t directly address the requirement for a text summary. This option lacks structure and would lead to duplication of logic in each class.
B. Inherit all classes from a base class with a getTextSummary() method could be a valid option, but it is less flexible compared to using an interface. Inheritance can introduce tighter coupling, meaning that subclasses must rely on the base class and cannot implement their own versions of getTextSummary() if needed. The issue with this approach is that it assumes a common base class, which might not be suitable if the objects being summarized are not closely related in the class hierarchy.
D. Define getTextSummary() separately in each class without shared structure is inefficient because it would result in code duplication and lack of consistency. Each class would have to implement getTextSummary() on its own, and if there are multiple classes with similar logic, it would be harder to maintain and ensure that the summaries are calculated in a consistent manner.
In conclusion, implementing an interface is the best approach, as it ensures consistency across different classes while still allowing for flexible, object-specific implementations.
Question 6:
What is the best method to implement pagination (e.g., 10 records per page) in a Visualforce page?
A. Use a StandardController
B. Use the action attribute in the apex:page tag
C. Use the extensions attribute in the apex:page tag
D. Use a StandardSetController
Answer: D
Explanation:
The best method to implement pagination in a Visualforce page is to use the StandardSetController. This controller is specifically designed to support pagination and provides an easy way to display a set of records with pagination controls. The StandardSetController automatically handles queries for a specified set of records and includes methods for managing pagination, like getRecords() and getSize(), as well as navigation functions to move between pages.
Here’s why the other options are less ideal:
A. Use a StandardController provides basic functionality for interacting with a single record of a specific object, but it doesn't inherently support pagination. While a StandardController is great for CRUD operations on a single record, it does not provide built-in features for working with lists of records across multiple pages. To achieve pagination, additional custom logic would be required, which is not as efficient as using the StandardSetController.
B. Use the action attribute in the apex:page tag allows you to specify an Apex method to be invoked when the page is loaded. While it can be used for other purposes, the action attribute does not directly handle pagination. You would need to implement your own pagination logic in the Apex class, which could involve manually querying records and managing page navigation, making this approach more complex than using a StandardSetController.
C. Use the extensions attribute in the apex:page tag lets you add Apex classes to extend the functionality of the StandardController. While extensions provide additional logic, they don’t inherently support pagination. Like the action attribute, you would still need to implement your own pagination logic in the extension, adding unnecessary complexity compared to using the StandardSetController.
The StandardSetController is the most efficient solution for handling pagination in a Visualforce page, as it automates many aspects of pagination and allows you to display a set of records in pages without needing to manually manage queries, pagination state, or navigation. It’s designed specifically for use cases where you need to display and paginate large sets of records, making it the ideal choice for this scenario.
Question 7:
A developer must create a PDF quote with company branding and attach it to an Opportunity. Which two methods can accomplish this?
A. Use a third-party app from the AppExchange
B. Build a Visualforce page with custom styles and render as PDF
C. Create an email template and use it in a Process Builder
D. Use a flow to format and generate the document
Answer: B, A
Explanation:
In this case, the goal is to create a PDF quote with company branding and attach it to an Opportunity. Let’s explore the best methods for achieving this.
B. Build a Visualforce page with custom styles and render as PDF is a highly effective and customizable method. Visualforce allows for complete control over the design and layout of a page, and the renderAs="pdf" attribute can be used to generate a PDF from the page. Developers can style the page with CSS to match the company’s branding, ensuring that the quote looks professional and aligned with company standards. Once the Visualforce page is rendered as a PDF, it can be easily attached to the Opportunity record. This approach provides flexibility and a high level of control over the formatting and design of the document.
A. Use a third-party app from the AppExchange is another viable solution. There are numerous apps on the Salesforce AppExchange that can help automate the generation of quotes, including custom branding and PDF generation. These apps often come with pre-built templates and additional features that make the process of generating and attaching quotes easier and more efficient. While this method can save development time, it may not offer the same level of customization as building a custom Visualforce page, but it's an excellent choice for developers looking for a ready-made solution.
Now let’s look at the other options:
C. Create an email template and use it in a Process Builder is not a suitable option for generating PDF documents. Email templates are typically used for sending formatted emails, and while they can be used to include information from Salesforce records, they do not have the capability to generate PDFs. Using a Process Builder to trigger the email template would only automate the email-sending process, but the result would not be a PDF document.
D. Use a flow to format and generate the document can be useful for automating certain processes within Salesforce, but generating a well-branded PDF quote is not an area where Flows excel. Flows can create dynamic documents and send emails, but they lack the ability to design complex PDFs with custom branding as efficiently as a Visualforce page can. While you could generate a document through Flow, it is not the best tool for creating a polished, branded PDF quote.
In conclusion, the best solutions are B (building a Visualforce page) and A (using a third-party app from the AppExchange), as they both provide the necessary tools and customization for generating a PDF quote with company branding and attaching it to the Opportunity.
Question 8:
Which tool allows a developer to send and test REST API requests and view responses directly within Salesforce?
A. REST resource path URL
B. Workbench REST Explorer
C. Developer Console REST tab
D. Force.com IDE REST Explorer tab
Answer: B
Explanation:
When a developer needs to send and test REST API requests directly within Salesforce, the best tool to use is the Workbench REST Explorer.
B. Workbench REST Explorer is a powerful and easy-to-use tool that allows developers to interact with Salesforce’s REST API from within Salesforce. Workbench provides a dedicated interface where you can configure and send REST API requests, view the responses, and troubleshoot any issues. It's particularly useful for testing endpoints, experimenting with different request methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), and inspecting the JSON responses. This tool is commonly used by developers to test API calls before integrating them into Apex code or other Salesforce tools.
Let’s look at why the other options are not the best choices:
A. REST resource path URL refers to the URL format used to access a specific REST API endpoint within Salesforce, but it is not a tool or application. While you do use the REST resource path in API calls, you need a tool (like Workbench) to actually send requests and view responses. The URL alone does not provide an interface for sending or testing API requests.
C. Developer Console REST tab does not exist. The Developer Console in Salesforce does not have a specific REST tab for testing REST API calls directly. It focuses more on executing anonymous Apex code, viewing logs, and running tests. While the Developer Console is a useful tool for debugging and testing Apex code, it does not provide native support for directly interacting with REST APIs.
D. Force.com IDE REST Explorer tab is incorrect because while the Force.com IDE (now part of Salesforce Extensions for Visual Studio Code) provides a rich development environment, it does not have a dedicated "REST Explorer" tab. The Workbench REST Explorer is the most specialized tool for testing and sending REST API requests, whereas the Force.com IDE focuses more on code development, deployment, and version control.
Thus, the Workbench REST Explorer (option B) is the best tool for sending and testing REST API requests and viewing the responses directly within Salesforce. It provides a user-friendly interface that makes interacting with Salesforce’s REST API simple and efficient.
Question 9:
A developer created a Visualforce page and a custom Apex controller. What is required for deployment to production?
A. Write a test class covering the Visualforce page
B. Build a test page to test the Visualforce page
C. Develop a test page for the custom controller
D. Write a test class covering the custom controller
Answer: D
Explanation:
In Salesforce, when deploying custom code (like a Visualforce page and an Apex controller) to production, Salesforce requires that test classes be written to ensure the functionality of the Apex code, which includes controllers. However, test classes are only required for the Apex code itself, not for the Visualforce page. The Visualforce page will automatically be tested indirectly by testing the associated Apex controller, as the page relies on the controller to supply data and handle actions.
Here’s why the other options are not correct:
A. Write a test class covering the Visualforce page is not required because Visualforce pages themselves are not directly covered by test classes. Test classes are focused on the Apex code, including controllers and triggers. While the Visualforce page might indirectly be tested by invoking it through the Apex controller, no separate test class is needed for the page.
B. Build a test page to test the Visualforce page is unnecessary because you don't need a test Visualforce page for deployment. As mentioned earlier, the key is writing a test class for the Apex controller, and the Visualforce page will function as intended when the controller is properly tested.
C. Develop a test page for the custom controller is also incorrect. You don't need a separate test page to test the controller. The correct approach is to create a test class that directly tests the Apex controller, ensuring that it works as expected in different scenarios (e.g., handling logic, querying data, and interacting with Visualforce).
Thus, D (writing a test class covering the custom controller) is the correct approach for deployment, as Salesforce requires test classes for Apex code to ensure proper functionality and code coverage before deployment to production.
Question 10:
When designing an Apex trigger to handle after-insert logic on the Contact object, which two best-practice techniques ensure the code is bulk-safe and easy to maintain? (Choose 2.)
A. Place the business logic inside a helper class method that accepts a List<Contact> parameter
B. Use the Size method inside the trigger to iterate over each record one-by-one in a for loop
C. Implement a static Boolean flag in the trigger to prevent recursion when Contacts are updated in the same transaction
D. Perform SOQL queries inside the loop to retrieve related Account data for every new Contact
E. Call Database.setTriggerContext() to switch the context to “system mode” for DML operations
Answer: A, C
Explanation:
When designing Apex triggers, following best practices ensures that the code is bulk-safe, efficient, and maintainable. In this scenario, the two best-practice techniques are A and C.
A. Place the business logic inside a helper class method that accepts a List<Contact> parameter is a best practice for bulkifying the trigger. By placing the business logic in a helper class, you can process the records in bulk (instead of one by one) and ensure that your trigger handles a large number of records efficiently. This method ensures that the code is scalable and adheres to Salesforce’s governor limits. Helper classes also improve code readability and maintainability, as they separate the business logic from the trigger, making it easier to test and update the logic.
C. Implement a static Boolean flag in the trigger to prevent recursion when Contacts are updated in the same transaction is a good practice to avoid recursive triggers. In Salesforce, triggers can be fired multiple times during the same transaction, especially if a trigger on the Contact object updates related records that then trigger the Contact trigger again. Using a static Boolean flag ensures that the trigger will only run once per transaction, preventing infinite loops and improving performance.
Now let’s look at the other options:
B. Use the Size method inside the trigger to iterate over each record one-by-one in a for loop is not a recommended practice. While the Size method can be used to check how many records are being processed, it does not prevent your code from processing records one by one. The correct approach is to process the records in bulk using collections like Lists or Sets, which is more efficient and avoids hitting governor limits.
D. Perform SOQL queries inside the loop to retrieve related Account data for every new Contact is a poor practice because it leads to SOQL queries inside a loop, which can quickly exceed the governor limits. For bulk processing, you should always perform queries outside of loops to avoid making excessive API calls. Instead, use collections (like Sets or Maps) to retrieve the necessary related data in bulk before processing the records.
E. Call Database.setTriggerContext() to switch the context to “system mode” for DML operations is incorrect because the Database.setTriggerContext() method does not exist in Salesforce. This option is a misunderstanding of how triggers work in Salesforce. Triggers operate in the context of the user who initiated them, and there is no need to change the trigger context manually.
In conclusion, the best practices for this scenario are A (placing the business logic in a helper class) and C (implementing a static Boolean flag to prevent recursion), which ensure that the trigger is bulk-safe, efficient, and easy to maintain.
