Microsoft AZ-900 Exam Dumps & Practice Test Questions
Question No 1:
You are planning a cloud infrastructure on Microsoft Azure that will host both web and database servers. The goal is to ensure secure communication between these servers by controlling the types of connections allowed between them.
To meet this requirement, you decide to utilize Network Security Groups (NSGs) to manage traffic between the web servers and the database servers.
Does this approach successfully fulfill the objective of controlling connection types between the web and database servers?
A. Yes
B. No
Correct Answer: A. Yes
Explanation:
In Microsoft Azure, Network Security Groups (NSGs) are essential security components that manage network traffic between various Azure resources, such as virtual machines (VMs), subnets, and other services within a Virtual Network (VNet). By configuring NSGs, you can define rules that either allow or deny specific types of traffic based on multiple parameters, including the source IP address, destination IP address, port number, and protocol type.
In the context of this scenario, the goal is to control the traffic flow between web servers and database servers. NSGs enable you to define fine-grained access controls for such communication. For example, you could configure the web servers to allow only HTTP/HTTPS traffic from the internet, while also ensuring that only SQL traffic (e.g., TCP port 1433 for SQL Server) is permitted from the web servers to the database servers. All other traffic, such as from untrusted sources, can be blocked to adhere to the principle of least privilege.
For instance, if your web servers reside in a subnet named WebSubnet and your database servers are located in DbSubnet, you can apply an NSG to DbSubnet to only allow traffic originating from WebSubnet and specifically permit the necessary database ports. This ensures that only authorized traffic between the web and database layers is allowed.
While NSGs are an effective tool for network-level security and controlling traffic between resources in Azure, additional security measures, such as Azure Firewall or Network Virtual Appliances (NVAs), may be needed in more complex environments to inspect or filter traffic further at the application level.
Thus, utilizing NSGs in this scenario successfully meets the goal of controlling the connection types between web and database servers.
Question No 2:
You are tasked with designing a cloud infrastructure deployment in Microsoft Azure, where several web and database servers need to interact. The requirement is to control the allowed connection types between these web and database servers.For the solution, you propose the use of a Local Network Gateway to manage connectivity between the web and database servers.
Does this solution address the requirement effectively?
A. Yes
B. No
Correct Answer: B. No
Explanation:
In Azure, a Local Network Gateway is primarily designed for use in hybrid cloud scenarios, where Azure virtual networks (VNets) need to connect securely to on-premises environments through site-to-site VPN connections. The Local Network Gateway represents an on-premises network, providing details about the VPN device's public IP address and reachable address ranges, enabling the establishment of secure VPN tunnels between Azure and on-premises resources.
However, in the given scenario, the deployment is purely within Azure, involving multiple web servers and database servers that need to communicate with each other. The goal here is to restrict and control the types of communication between these internal resources, not to connect Azure to an on-premises network.
For this requirement, the more suitable Azure services include:
Network Security Groups (NSGs): These are the appropriate choice for controlling inbound and outbound traffic within a VNet, including between different subnets, virtual machines (VMs), and specific network interfaces. NSGs allow the application of granular traffic control based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols.
Application Security Groups (ASGs): ASGs allow grouping of VMs that share similar roles or applications, making it easier to apply security rules that govern traffic between specific groups of servers based on their function.
Azure Firewall or Network Virtual Appliances (NVAs): In more complex use cases where deep packet inspection or advanced filtering is required, these tools can provide more robust security controls.
Since a Local Network Gateway does not manage internal Azure traffic or enforce security rules between Azure-hosted VMs, it does not meet the objective of controlling the connection types between web and database servers within Azure.
Therefore, the proposed solution does not meet the stated requirement, and the correct answer is B. No. Instead, tools like NSGs or ASGs should be used to meet this specific need within Azure.
Question No 3:
Your organization is transitioning its entire IT infrastructure to Microsoft Azure, including thousands of user accounts within a large Active Directory forest. The current on-premises data center will soon be decommissioned. To ensure the transition goes smoothly and user impact is minimized, you plan to implement Azure Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for all users after migration.
Does enforcing Azure MFA help reduce the disruption users might experience during the transition to Azure?
A. Yes
B. No
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Azure Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is an essential security feature that adds an additional layer of protection by requiring users to provide more than just a password to verify their identity. While this is an excellent security measure, it may increase user complexity during a migration process, rather than minimizing disruption.
When migrating users from an on-premises Active Directory (AD) environment to Microsoft Azure, one of the main objectives is to maintain continuity and minimize the learning curve or any disruption that could affect daily user activities. In this scenario, implementing Azure MFA might cause confusion or delays for users, especially during the early migration phase, as they get accustomed to additional authentication steps they were not previously required to perform.
To address the goal of minimizing user impact during migration, the best approach would involve using Azure AD Connect with Seamless Single Sign-On (SSO). This solution allows users to continue using their existing credentials without needing to frequently re-authenticate. By synchronizing user identities from the on-premises AD to Azure AD, users can seamlessly access cloud-based resources, thus ensuring their experience remains as familiar as possible.
While Azure MFA will be a key component of the security strategy post-migration, it should not be used as a primary tool for minimizing migration-related disruption. If not carefully managed, MFA can inadvertently lead to user frustration and an increased need for support, particularly if users experience difficulty with the multi-step login process.
In conclusion, while Azure MFA enhances security, it does not fulfill the objective of minimizing user disruption during migration. A better approach would involve identity synchronization and SSO solutions. Therefore, the correct answer is B. No.
Question No 4:
Which of the following best describes the primary benefit of using cloud computing as it relates to capital expenditure (CapEx) and operational expenditure (OpEx)?
A) Cloud computing increases capital expenditure by requiring upfront hardware investments.
B) Cloud computing requires large upfront costs but lowers operational expenses.
C) Cloud computing converts capital expenditure into operational expenditure, allowing businesses to pay only for what they use.
D) Cloud computing eliminates both capital and operational expenditure entirely.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
One of the foundational benefits of cloud computing, and a key concept tested in the Microsoft AZ-900: Microsoft Azure Fundamentals exam, is the shift from capital expenditure (CapEx) to operational expenditure (OpEx).
Capital Expenditure (CapEx) refers to upfront spending on physical infrastructure such as servers, networking equipment, and data centers. Traditionally, businesses would need to forecast demand, purchase hardware, set up data centers, and maintain everything on-premises. This model requires significant initial investment and carries the risk of over- or under-provisioning resources.
Operational Expenditure (OpEx), on the other hand, represents ongoing costs for services and resources consumed on a subscription or pay-as-you-go basis. Cloud computing enables businesses to shift from CapEx to OpEx by allowing them to rent IT resources like virtual machines, storage, and networking infrastructure from a cloud provider such as Microsoft Azure.
With Azure and other cloud services, organizations no longer need to buy and maintain physical infrastructure. Instead, they can scale resources up or down based on demand, paying only for what they actually use. This is known as the consumption-based pricing model, a central feature of cloud computing that improves cost efficiency and flexibility.
Option A is incorrect because cloud computing reduces, rather than increases, the need for CapEx.
Option B incorrectly states that cloud computing requires large upfront costs—it actually eliminates most upfront investments.
Option D is false because while cloud computing reduces or converts CapEx into OpEx, operational costs still exist (e.g., service subscriptions, usage-based charges).
Therefore, Option C is correct: cloud computing allows businesses to shift from a CapEx-heavy model to an OpEx-based approach, enabling more agile budgeting and better alignment with actual usage. This concept is essential to understanding cloud economics and is frequently tested in the AZ-900 exam.
Question No 5:
When migrating multiple on-premises servers to Microsoft Azure, you are concerned with ensuring that some servers remain operational even if a data center fails.
Which feature or architectural approach should you implement to ensure this level of availability and business continuity in your Azure solution?
A. Fault Tolerance
B. Elasticity
C. Scalability
D. Low Latency
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
When migrating infrastructure to the cloud, especially to a platform like Microsoft Azure, ensuring that critical systems remain operational during unforeseen failures is crucial. In this scenario, you want to mitigate the risk of a single Azure data center going offline and impacting the availability of your migrated servers. The best way to achieve this is through fault tolerance.
Fault tolerance refers to a system’s ability to continue functioning properly even when some of its components fail. Azure provides fault tolerance capabilities by leveraging availability zones and regions. Availability zones are physically isolated locations within an Azure region, each with its own independent power, cooling, and networking. By deploying workloads across multiple availability zones, you can ensure that if one zone experiences an issue (such as an outage or failure), your application will still remain functional through other zones. In more critical cases, organizations can deploy applications across multiple regions to increase fault tolerance further, reducing the risk of a total system failure.
Here’s a look at why the other options are not as suitable for addressing the issue of data center failure:
Elasticity refers to the ability to automatically scale resources based on demand. While important for managing fluctuating workloads, elasticity does not address the issue of system availability during a failure.
Scalability focuses on increasing or decreasing resources to meet performance demands, but it does not guarantee that services will remain available if a data center fails. While scalability is important for growth, fault tolerance specifically ensures availability during downtime.
Low latency pertains to minimizing delay in communication or data transmission, which is more related to performance optimization than failure resilience.
To ensure continued availability during a data center failure in Azure, fault tolerance is the most appropriate approach to implement.
Question No 6:
An organization is evaluating different cloud environments to eliminate the need for maintaining a physical data center. Which of the following environments would allow the organization to completely eliminate its physical data center?
A. In a private cloud
B. In a hybrid cloud
C. In the public cloud
D. On a Hyper-V host
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
In this scenario, the organization’s goal is to eliminate the need for maintaining a physical data center. The most effective way to achieve this is by transitioning to the public cloud.
The public cloud refers to cloud services offered by providers like Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). These services are hosted and managed by the provider, which means the organization does not need to maintain its own physical infrastructure, such as servers, storage, or cooling systems. The cloud provider handles all the physical hardware, networking, and data center management, leaving the organization free from these responsibilities.
This contrasts with a private cloud, which is typically hosted on-premises or in a third-party data center. In a private cloud, the organization still maintains physical infrastructure, whether it is on-site or in a hosted facility, and is responsible for the management and maintenance of these resources. Therefore, a private cloud does not completely eliminate the need for a physical data center.
A hybrid cloud is a combination of on-premises data centers and public cloud resources. While it provides flexibility by allowing workloads to be run both on-premises and in the cloud, it still requires maintaining a physical data center, meaning it does not fully eliminate the need for a physical infrastructure.
Hosting infrastructure on a Hyper-V host involves running virtual machines on Microsoft’s virtualization platform, typically within an organization's own data center. While this enables efficient use of resources, it still requires physical hardware to operate, meaning it does not eliminate the need for a data center.
Thus, to fully eliminate the need for a physical data center, the organization should migrate to the public cloud, where all infrastructure is managed by the cloud provider, ensuring that no physical data center is necessary.
Question No 7:
Which two of the following are key attributes of the public cloud model? Select two correct answers.
A. Dedicated hardware
B. Unsecured connections
C. Limited storage
D. Metered pricing
E. Self-service management
Correct Answers:
D. Metered pricing
E. Self-service management
Explanation:
The public cloud model is a type of cloud computing service that offers computing resources like processing power, storage, and networking to multiple users via the internet. This model is typically provided by third-party vendors such as Microsoft Azure, AWS, or Google Cloud. The public cloud is known for being scalable, flexible, and cost-effective, making it a popular choice for many businesses and organizations.
One key feature of the public cloud is metered pricing. In this pricing model, customers are billed based on the amount of resources they consume, such as storage, processing power, and bandwidth. This is similar to how utilities like electricity or water are charged — the more you use, the more you pay. This pay-as-you-go approach allows businesses to scale their cloud usage based on demand, helping to manage costs effectively. This is especially useful for startups or businesses with fluctuating workloads or seasonal traffic, as they only pay for what they need at any given time.
Another critical characteristic of the public cloud is self-service management. This feature enables users to manage and provision cloud resources through a web interface or APIs, without needing to contact the cloud provider directly. With self-service management, users can quickly deploy virtual machines, configure storage, create databases, and more, all on-demand. This enhances flexibility and operational efficiency, enabling businesses to react faster to changing needs.
Now, let’s review the incorrect options:
A. Dedicated hardware is more typically associated with private clouds or on-premises setups, not public clouds.
B. Unsecured connections are not a defining characteristic of the public cloud. In fact, reputable providers ensure strong security, including encryption and other measures.
C. Limited storage is inaccurate, as public cloud providers offer scalable, virtually unlimited storage to meet customers' needs.
In summary, metered pricing and self-service management are central features that distinguish the public cloud model, offering cost efficiency and agility.
Question No 8:
You are planning to migrate a public website to Microsoft Azure. Which of the following should you take into account during the planning process.Complete the sentence by selecting the correct option.
When planning to migrate a public website to Azure, you must plan to?
A. Deploy a VPN
B. Pay monthly usage costs
C. Pay to transfer all the website data to Azure
D. Reduce the number of connections to the website
Correct Answer: B. Pay monthly usage costs
Explanation:
When migrating a public website to Microsoft Azure, one of the most important aspects to consider is the cost associated with running the website in the cloud. Azure operates on a pay-as-you-go model, meaning you are billed monthly based on the resources you use, including compute power, storage, bandwidth, and any other services such as security features or databases. This billing model makes cloud hosting more flexible compared to traditional on-premises hosting, where businesses typically pay upfront for hardware and infrastructure.
The key point here is monthly usage costs, which reflect the ongoing nature of cloud service billing. Unlike traditional models, where capital expenditures are made upfront, Azure charges based on actual consumption. This allows businesses to scale their usage up or down as needed, giving them flexibility while requiring careful cost management.
Let's analyze the other options:
Deploying a VPN is not necessary for a public website, as VPNs are typically used for secure access to internal networks or private resources. A public website should be accessible over the open internet without the need for a VPN.
Paying to transfer all the website data to Azure is generally not a concern because data ingress (uploading data into Azure) is typically free. The costs are more likely associated with data egress (downloading data), not with transferring data into the cloud.
Reducing the number of connections to the website would be counterproductive for a public website. In fact, the goal is to ensure the website can handle as many connections as needed and scale according to demand.
Therefore, the most accurate requirement when migrating a public website to Azure is planning for monthly usage costs, which aligns with Azure’s pay-as-you-go pricing model. This ensures that the ongoing costs of running a public website in the cloud are appropriately managed.
Question No 9:
You are tasked with explaining the different types of cloud models available in Microsoft Azure. One of your objectives is to help your team understand the differences between the three primary cloud service models: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.
Which of the following statements correctly defines the Platform as a Service (PaaS) model in the context of Microsoft Azure?
A. PaaS provides complete management of both the underlying infrastructure and the operating system, leaving users responsible only for their application and data.
B. PaaS provides an environment for users to develop, manage, and host applications without worrying about managing the underlying hardware or software updates.
C. PaaS is limited to hosting static websites and does not allow for dynamic web applications or databases.
D. PaaS is a model that gives users control over the operating system and infrastructure, including the ability to configure networking and security settings.
Correct Answer:
B. PaaS provides an environment for users to develop, manage, and host applications without worrying about managing the underlying hardware or software updates.
Explanation:
The Platform as a Service (PaaS) model in Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing model that provides a platform and environment for developers to build, deploy, and manage applications. The key distinction of PaaS is that it abstracts and manages the underlying hardware, operating systems, and software updates, allowing developers to focus purely on the application code and data.
Let's break down why Option B is correct and why the other options are incorrect:
Option A: PaaS provides complete management of both the underlying infrastructure and the operating system, leaving users responsible only for their application and data.
This description is closer to the Software as a Service (SaaS) model, where users only interact with the application and data, without any concerns over the infrastructure or operating system. PaaS, however, still involves the users having control over the application and data they deploy, while the cloud provider manages the platform’s infrastructure and software layers.
Option B: PaaS provides an environment for users to develop, manage, and host applications without worrying about managing the underlying hardware or software updates.
This is the correct definition of PaaS. With PaaS, users have a ready-made environment to develop, deploy, and manage applications, and they don't need to worry about underlying infrastructure management. The provider takes care of things like hardware management, operating system updates, and scalability, which allows developers to focus on the code and features of the application itself.
Option C: PaaS is limited to hosting static websites and does not allow for dynamic web applications or databases.
This is incorrect. PaaS allows for much more than just static websites. It supports dynamic web applications, APIs, and databases. For example, services like Azure App Services provide a PaaS environment that supports dynamic applications, databases, and even machine learning models.
Option D: PaaS is a model that gives users control over the operating system and infrastructure, including the ability to configure networking and security settings.
This describes Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), where users have more control over the infrastructure and operating systems. In contrast, PaaS abstracts much of the control over these layers, freeing developers from managing the underlying infrastructure and OS settings.
PaaS provides developers with an environment to build and deploy applications without managing the underlying hardware or software updates. It allows them to focus on application development while the platform takes care of managing infrastructure, operating systems, and scaling. This service model is ideal for applications where developers do not want to deal with the complexity of managing the underlying platform, making Option B the correct answer.
Question No 10
You are planning to move an on-premises application to Microsoft Azure. The application requires consistent and high-throughput access to large amounts of data stored in a cloud environment. You need to choose an appropriate storage solution in Azure that meets the performance and scalability needs of this application.
Which of the following Azure storage options is best suited for this scenario?
A. Azure Blob Storage
B. Azure File Storage
C. Azure Disk Storage
D. Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2
Correct Answer: C. Azure Disk Storage
Explanation:
In this scenario, the key requirements are high-throughput access to large amounts of data, which suggests the need for a solution with high-performance capabilities and scalability. Azure offers several storage solutions, and the right choice depends on the specific needs of the application.
Let’s break down each option and explain why Azure Disk Storage is the best choice:
Option A: Azure Blob Storage
Azure Blob Storage is designed primarily for storing unstructured data such as text and binary data. While it is a highly scalable solution for many use cases, Blob Storage is optimized for data that doesn't require consistent high-throughput, such as documents, images, and backups. Blob Storage is not designed to provide low-latency and high-performance access like the disk-based options, so it is not the best fit for high-performance applications that require consistent access to data.
Option B: Azure File Storage
Azure File Storage provides shared file storage in the cloud, similar to traditional network file shares. It is ideal for scenarios where you need a file share that can be accessed by multiple virtual machines (VMs) or instances. However, it is not designed for high-throughput, low-latency applications that require extremely fast disk access for large datasets. Azure File Storage is not the best option for applications needing consistent high-performance storage.
Option C: Azure Disk Storage
Azure Disk Storage is the ideal choice for applications that require high-throughput and low-latency access to large amounts of data. Azure Disk Storage includes both Standard and Premium disks, with Premium Disks being specifically designed for high-performance workloads like databases, large-scale applications, and other enterprise workloads that require high throughput, low latency, and durability. Azure Disk Storage provides block-level storage and can be directly attached to Azure Virtual Machines (VMs), making it well-suited for applications that need constant, high-speed access to data.
Option D: Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2
Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 is designed for big data analytics and is optimized for storing large amounts of data with the ability to perform complex analytical processing. It’s a great option for data lakes and analytics workloads, but it is not the best fit for applications that need high-throughput, low-latency access to block data, as it’s more suited for data warehousing and big data processing rather than high-performance, transactional workloads.
When an application requires consistent and high-throughput access to large amounts of data, Azure Disk Storage is the most appropriate solution. It provides high-performance block storage that can meet the needs of demanding applications requiring low-latency, high-throughput access to data. Therefore, Option C is the correct answer.
