Cisco 500-470 Exam Dumps & Practice Test Questions
Question 1:
What are three technologies commonly used in a Software-Defined Access (SD-Access) Fabric? (Choose three.)
A. MPLS
B. TrustSec
C. VXLAN
D. OTV
E. LISP
F. RSVP
Answer: B, C, E
Explanation:
Software-Defined Access (SD-Access) is an architecture that simplifies network management and enables enhanced security and automation. The core of SD-Access involves creating a fabric that supports network segmentation, policy-based automation, and simplified control across a range of devices and endpoints. There are several technologies commonly utilized in SD-Access to achieve these goals, which include TrustSec, VXLAN, and LISP.
TrustSec (B) is a Cisco technology that plays a critical role in SD-Access by enabling secure network segmentation. It works by implementing Security Group Tags (SGTs) that are assigned to users, devices, or applications. These tags help define access policies based on the identity of users and devices, instead of just IP addresses. This granular control allows for efficient policy enforcement within the SD-Access fabric, ensuring that only authorized devices or users can access specific resources.
VXLAN (C), or Virtual Extensible LAN, is another key technology in SD-Access. It is used to create logical network segments that extend Layer 2 connectivity across Layer 3 networks, allowing for greater flexibility and scalability in virtualized environments. VXLAN encapsulates Ethernet frames in a UDP packet, making it highly suitable for deploying overlays in a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) environment. This technology helps SD-Access achieve network segmentation, which is fundamental for creating isolated and secure segments within the network.
LISP (E), or Locator/ID Separation Protocol, is also frequently used in SD-Access. LISP provides a method for separating the IP address of a device into two parts: the Endpoint Identifier (EID) and the Routing Locator (RLOC). This separation enables better network scalability and flexibility by allowing devices to move across the network without requiring changes to their IP addresses. LISP helps SD-Access by enhancing mobility and simplifying network management, especially in large and dynamic environments.
The other options, while important in networking, do not play as central a role in SD-Access:
MPLS (A) is a data-carrying technique used in traditional networking, but it is not specifically tailored for SD-Access. It is used in wide-area networks (WANs) to manage traffic and improve routing efficiency, but it does not provide the same level of segmentation and policy-based control within a fabric as TrustSec, VXLAN, and LISP.
OTV (D), or Overlay Transport Virtualization, is a technology designed to extend Layer 2 networks across geographical locations, but it is not a core element of SD-Access. It focuses on WAN connectivity and doesn't directly relate to SD-Access fabric design.
RSVP (F) is a protocol used for resource reservation in IP networks, especially for Quality of Service (QoS) purposes. It is not primarily associated with SD-Access fabric technologies, as SD-Access is more focused on automation, segmentation, and policy-based control.
In summary, TrustSec, VXLAN, and LISP are the key technologies used in a Software-Defined Access (SD-Access) Fabric because they enable network segmentation, security, scalability, and efficient management across a virtualized network.
Question 2:
Which of the following represents a Correlated Insight within a Software-Defined Access (SDA) and Switching environment?
A. High Onboarding Delays
B. Roaming Behavior Analysis
C. Control Plane Connectivity
D. Access Point License Usage
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the context of Software-Defined Access (SDA) and Switching environments, Correlated Insights are derived from aggregating and analyzing data from various network elements to uncover patterns, identify anomalies, and optimize network performance. These insights help network administrators make informed decisions regarding troubleshooting, security, and optimization.
One of the most useful Correlated Insights within an SDA environment is Roaming Behavior Analysis (B). This insight analyzes how devices move between access points (APs) within a network, which is crucial for optimizing Wi-Fi performance, understanding user mobility patterns, and ensuring seamless connectivity. By correlating data on device behavior, signal strength, and AP handoff processes, administrators can detect potential issues such as poor coverage or interference and take proactive measures to improve the roaming experience. This type of insight can also help in understanding the load distribution across access points and provide data to improve network design.
Let’s look at the other options to understand why they are not as relevant as Correlated Insights in an SDA environment:
High Onboarding Delays (A) could represent a network issue or problem, but it is more of an event or anomaly than a correlated insight. Onboarding delays may indicate issues such as network congestion, improper device configurations, or problems with the authentication process. While this is important to monitor, it does not represent a correlated insight that links multiple data points to derive a deeper understanding of network behavior or trends.
Control Plane Connectivity (C) refers to the connectivity between the control plane devices in the network (such as routers, switches, or controllers) and is critical for network stability. While it is essential to monitor control plane connectivity to ensure the operation of the network, it does not typically represent a correlated insight that analyzes trends or patterns across multiple network components. It is more about the real-time operational status of critical components.
Access Point License Usage (D) tracks how licenses for access points are being consumed, but it is more related to license management rather than a correlated insight for performance or behavior. Although it is important for ensuring compliance with licensing agreements and managing network resources, it does not provide insight into network behavior or conditions that could be optimized based on correlations between multiple data sources.
Roaming Behavior Analysis (B) is the best example of a Correlated Insight because it involves the aggregation of data from access points, client devices, and possibly other network elements, correlating this information to understand how devices interact with the network. These insights are critical for improving the end-user experience, ensuring high-quality connectivity, and optimizing the network infrastructure to support seamless mobility. This type of analysis helps network administrators identify potential problems and make data-driven decisions about network configurations, deployment strategies, and resource allocation.
In summary, Roaming Behavior Analysis is a prime example of a Correlated Insight because it involves synthesizing data from multiple sources to understand and optimize the dynamic behavior of devices across the network, particularly in wireless environments.
Question 3:
Which two factors are considered when determining the subscription cost for a Cisco SD-WAN solution over periods of 1 year, 3 years, or 5 years? (Choose two.)
A. Service Throughput
B. Security Features
C. Routing Mechanism
D. Available Features
E. Hypervisor Type
Answer: A, D
Explanation:
When determining the subscription cost for a Cisco SD-WAN solution over varying periods (1 year, 3 years, or 5 years), several key factors are taken into account. These factors directly affect the overall pricing, and they primarily revolve around the network capabilities, features, and scale of the deployment.
Service Throughput (A) is a critical factor in determining the subscription cost because it dictates how much data can be handled by the SD-WAN solution. Service throughput refers to the capacity of the network to handle traffic, and higher throughput usually correlates with a more expensive subscription. This factor is essential for understanding how much bandwidth the SD-WAN solution can support, and it is particularly important for organizations that require high-performance connections for data-intensive applications, such as video conferencing, cloud services, and large-scale file transfers.
The throughput requirement is usually tied to the network's size, the number of users, and the types of applications being used. Higher throughput needs generally translate to higher subscription costs due to the greater amount of resources required from the SD-WAN solution to support these demands.Available Features (D) also plays a significant role in determining the subscription cost. Cisco SD-WAN comes with a variety of features that can be selected based on the specific needs of the organization. These features may include advanced security options, application optimization, centralized policy management, and WAN optimization tools, among others. The more features a customer chooses, the higher the subscription cost will likely be.
In addition, Cisco offers different tiers of service depending on the customer’s needs, such as basic, standard, and premium offerings. Customers who opt for premium features such as advanced analytics, enhanced security, or additional SD-WAN capabilities will typically pay more for their subscription, as these features require more resources and have higher associated costs.
Let’s now examine the other options to understand why they are not as relevant for determining subscription costs:
Security Features (B) are important for securing the SD-WAN environment, but they are generally bundled into the available features or can be added as part of an additional service package. While security features like encryption and firewall integration are critical to SD-WAN, the primary factors in subscription costs are typically tied to throughput and the overall feature set rather than security alone.
Routing Mechanism (C) refers to the way data is routed across the network, which is essential for network performance but is typically a part of the SD-WAN service package itself. Cisco SD-WAN offers intelligent path control and routing features, but these are generally included as part of the available features and do not significantly alter the cost structure based on the subscription period.
Hypervisor Type (E) pertains to the virtualized environment on which the SD-WAN solution is deployed. While the choice of hypervisor may affect deployment and management considerations, it does not directly impact the subscription cost for Cisco SD-WAN. The subscription cost is more related to the performance (throughput) and functionality (features) rather than the specific underlying infrastructure.
In conclusion, Service Throughput and Available Features are the primary factors that determine the subscription cost for a Cisco SD-WAN solution. Throughput influences the capacity for data handling, while available features dictate the range of functionalities included in the service. Both these elements scale with the size and complexity of the network, affecting the pricing for different subscription periods.
Question 4:
What are two advantages of a properly structured Wide Area Network (WAN)? (Choose two.)
A. Prioritizing traffic and ensuring security with precise control
B. Increasing costs and operational complexity
C. Lowering bandwidth requirements for circuits
D. Offering poor quality of service to guest networks
E. Maintaining remote site availability
Answer: A, E
Explanation:
A well-designed and properly structured Wide Area Network (WAN) offers numerous advantages, enabling organizations to optimize their network's performance, security, and reliability across geographically distributed locations. When designing a WAN, key factors such as traffic prioritization, security, and remote site availability are critical considerations.
Prioritizing traffic and ensuring security with precise control (A) is one of the main advantages of a well-structured WAN. A properly structured WAN allows for the prioritization of traffic, which means that more critical traffic—such as voice, video, or mission-critical data—can be given priority over less important traffic. This ensures that high-priority applications perform optimally even during periods of high network demand or congestion. Additionally, a structured WAN enables the implementation of robust security controls. With technologies like encryption, VPNs, and firewalls, sensitive data can be securely transmitted across the WAN. Moreover, precise control can be maintained over access to certain resources, and network administrators can enforce specific security policies across remote sites. This combination of traffic prioritization and security ensures the efficient and secure flow of information, enhancing the overall performance and safety of the network.
Maintaining remote site availability (E) is another significant advantage. One of the primary goals of a properly structured WAN is to ensure that remote sites are always connected and operational. A well-architected WAN provides reliable connectivity, often by using multiple redundant links or failover solutions, which reduces the likelihood of downtime due to a single point of failure. This is especially crucial for businesses with multiple branch offices or remote locations that rely on consistent and uninterrupted network access for their operations. If one connection fails, the WAN can seamlessly reroute traffic to an alternate path, ensuring that remote sites remain accessible without major disruptions.
Now, let’s look at why the other options are less suitable:
Increasing costs and operational complexity (B) is typically a disadvantage, not an advantage. A properly structured WAN is intended to reduce operational complexity and optimize cost efficiency through intelligent traffic routing, efficient use of resources, and streamlined management. While large-scale WANs may incur certain expenses, the goal of a well-structured WAN is to minimize unnecessary complexity, not to increase it.
Lowering bandwidth requirements for circuits (C) is not an inherent advantage of a well-structured WAN. The purpose of optimizing a WAN is not to necessarily lower bandwidth but to ensure that resources such as bandwidth are used efficiently. A properly structured WAN often utilizes traffic shaping, compression, and quality of service (QoS) techniques to manage bandwidth allocation effectively. However, reducing bandwidth requirements could lead to performance issues if not done carefully, and is not an advantage in itself.
Offering poor quality of service to guest networks (D) is an undesirable outcome. A well-structured WAN actually aims to ensure good quality of service (QoS) for all types of users, including guest networks, by managing and prioritizing traffic effectively. The intention is to provide a consistent and high-quality user experience, even for non-critical services like guest access.
In conclusion, Prioritizing traffic and ensuring security with precise control and Maintaining remote site availability are two key advantages of a properly structured WAN. These factors contribute to the overall efficiency, security, and reliability of the network, ensuring smooth operations across distributed locations and protecting critical data and services.
Question 5:
What challenge arises when using a centralized SD-Access design where a single fabric integrates the main site and all remote branch locations?
A. End-to-end routing is unsupported
B. SSIDs would be identical across all locations
C. DNA Center cannot manage it
D. SD-WAN features cannot optimize or route the encapsulated traffic
Answer: D
Explanation:
In a centralized SD-Access design, the goal is to create a unified fabric that connects the main site and all remote branch locations. This design allows for simplified management, network segmentation, and consistent policy enforcement across the entire network. However, there are certain challenges that can arise when using this approach, particularly when considering the interaction between SD-Access and SD-WAN features.
SD-WAN features cannot optimize or route the encapsulated traffic (D) is a significant challenge when using a centralized SD-Access design. SD-Access relies on technologies like VXLAN for encapsulating traffic between the various sites and the centralized fabric. However, this encapsulated traffic can pose a problem for SD-WAN solutions. SD-WAN is designed to optimize traffic by selecting the best path based on real-time network conditions and policies, but when traffic is encapsulated in a protocol like VXLAN, it becomes difficult for SD-WAN devices to optimize and route this traffic effectively. SD-WAN devices typically cannot inspect or alter encapsulated traffic, making it challenging to apply SD-WAN features like dynamic path selection or WAN optimization to this traffic.
In simpler terms, the SD-Access fabric encapsulates traffic in a way that SD-WAN may not be able to interact with it effectively, creating a gap where SD-WAN optimization features are not applicable. This limitation needs to be addressed to ensure that both SD-Access and SD-WAN work seamlessly together across remote locations.
Now, let’s evaluate the other options:
End-to-end routing is unsupported (A) is not a typical challenge with SD-Access. SD-Access is designed to handle end-to-end routing efficiently, often using a combination of centralized control and distributed forwarding. The design leverages policy-based routing and centralized management to ensure traffic flows as required between the main site and remote branches, with routing handled appropriately at each stage. Hence, end-to-end routing is not unsupported in a centralized SD-Access design.
SSIDs would be identical across all locations (B) is not necessarily a challenge. In fact, having identical SSIDs (Service Set Identifiers) across all locations is one of the features that SD-Access can simplify. This provides users with a consistent experience when connecting to the network, regardless of their location. While the same SSID across sites could theoretically create issues if not properly managed, SD-Access provides mechanisms to handle this configuration and ensure that user traffic is appropriately segmented and directed to the correct policies.
DNA Center cannot manage it (C) is not a valid challenge. In fact, Cisco DNA Center is specifically designed to manage SD-Access deployments, including centralized designs that integrate the main site and remote branches. DNA Center provides centralized control over network policies, automation, and monitoring, ensuring that all network devices, including those at remote locations, are properly configured and managed.
In conclusion, the primary challenge when using a centralized SD-Access design is that SD-WAN features cannot optimize or route the encapsulated traffic (D). This arises because SD-Access encapsulates traffic in a way that is not easily compatible with the traffic optimization and path selection features of SD-WAN solutions. Addressing this challenge requires careful planning and integration of SD-Access and SD-WAN technologies to ensure optimal network performance and management.
Question 6:
What is the default interval for sending Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) packets in a standard network configuration?
A. 1 second
B. 15 seconds
C. 10 seconds
D. 5 seconds
Answer: D
Explanation:
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a network protocol used to detect faults in the forwarding path between two devices in a network. It operates at a very low layer (Layer 3) and is often used in conjunction with routing protocols like OSPF, EIGRP, or BGP to quickly detect failures in network paths and improve the overall convergence time of routing protocols.
The default interval for sending BFD packets is typically 5 seconds (D). This interval refers to the default period at which BFD control packets are sent between two devices to ensure that the connection is still operational. If a device doesn't receive a response within a specified time, it can quickly detect a failure and initiate corrective actions such as rerouting traffic.
The 5-second interval is a balance between speed of fault detection and overhead on the network. Sending BFD packets too frequently could increase network traffic and CPU utilization, while a longer interval might slow down the detection of link failures.
Let’s now review why the other options are less relevant:
1 second (A) might be too aggressive for most network configurations. While 1-second intervals would detect failures very quickly, they could also lead to unnecessary load on devices and the network, especially in large-scale environments. This might be useful in very high-performance networks where failure detection speed is paramount, but it is not the default setting in most configurations.
15 seconds (B) is too long of an interval for BFD in most standard configurations. While it would lower the load on the network, a 15-second interval would result in slower detection of network failures, which might not be acceptable in environments that require fast convergence.
10 seconds (C) is another possible interval, but it is not the default. While this is a reasonable compromise between speed and overhead, it’s not typically the default in standard BFD configurations. Many network engineers opt for 5-second intervals as the default setting for BFD to strike a balance between fault detection speed and network efficiency.
In conclusion, 5 seconds (D) is the default interval for sending Bidirectional Forwarding Detection packets in a standard network configuration. This interval is designed to provide a quick response time for fault detection while maintaining efficient network performance.
Question 7:
Which of the following protocols is commonly used for establishing secure communication between devices in a Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN)?
A. SSL/TLS
B. IPsec
C. BGP
D. OSPF
Answer: B
Explanation:
In a Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN), secure communication between devices, such as between branch offices and the data center, is a key requirement. SD-WAN uses various technologies to ensure data privacy, integrity, and secure communication. Among the options listed, IPsec (B) is the most commonly used protocol for establishing secure communication between devices in an SD-WAN environment.
IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) is a widely recognized network-layer protocol that provides encryption, authentication, and integrity for data sent across public or untrusted networks, such as the internet. It establishes secure virtual private network (VPN) tunnels, ensuring that sensitive data traveling across an SD-WAN infrastructure is protected from unauthorized access. In SD-WAN, IPsec is often used to create encrypted tunnels between the branch locations and the central data centers, offering confidentiality and integrity for the data in transit. The ability of IPsec to secure these communications makes it a fundamental component in the SD-WAN architecture.
Let’s now examine why the other options are less suitable:
SSL/TLS (A) is a transport layer security protocol, often used for securing communication over the internet, such as HTTPS (HTTP over SSL/TLS). While SSL/TLS is widely used in web traffic and application-layer communication, it is not the primary protocol used in SD-WAN for securing site-to-site communication. SSL/TLS operates at a different layer compared to IPsec and typically handles end-user browser communications rather than securing broad network traffic.
BGP (C) is a routing protocol that is used to exchange routing information between different networks (autonomous systems) over the internet. While BGP is important for routing within and between networks, it does not directly handle encryption or secure communication. In an SD-WAN setup, BGP could be used for routing traffic across the network, but it is not the protocol responsible for securing the data.
OSPF (D) is another routing protocol, specifically designed for intra-domain routing within a single autonomous system. Like BGP, OSPF is used for routing decisions, not for securing communication. OSPF helps in building routing tables and ensuring efficient data forwarding, but it does not offer security mechanisms such as encryption.
In conclusion, IPsec (B) is the protocol most commonly used to establish secure communication between devices in an SD-WAN, providing encrypted tunnels for data transmission, ensuring security and privacy across the network. It is a critical component for achieving secure, reliable communication in SD-WAN environments.
Question 8:
What does the Cisco DNA Center primarily provide for network administrators?
A. Hardware management
B. Centralized network control and automation
C. Cloud-based data storage
D. Real-time network traffic analysis
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Cisco DNA Center is a powerful network management and automation platform that plays a central role in simplifying the management of enterprise networks. Its primary purpose is to provide centralized network control and automation (B), allowing network administrators to streamline the deployment, monitoring, and management of network infrastructure.
Centralized network control and automation refers to Cisco DNA Center’s ability to integrate various network components, such as switches, routers, and wireless access points, into a single platform. This enables administrators to have a single-pane-of-glass view of the network, making it easier to configure, troubleshoot, and maintain. DNA Center provides automation features, allowing network changes to be made through templates, policies, and intelligent workflows. This reduces the manual configuration effort and the potential for human error, while also enabling faster deployment of network services. Through intent-based networking, administrators can define the desired state of the network, and DNA Center will automatically ensure that the network meets these requirements.
Let’s now examine why the other options are not as suitable:
Hardware management (A) is a function of many network management platforms, but it is not the primary focus of Cisco DNA Center. While DNA Center does include some capabilities for managing hardware, such as tracking devices and software versions, its core strength lies in providing centralized control and automation of the entire network infrastructure rather than just hardware management.
Cloud-based data storage (C) is not the main feature of Cisco DNA Center. While DNA Center can integrate with cloud-based services, it does not primarily serve as a cloud storage solution. Its main function is focused on network automation, control, and monitoring, not the storage of data. That said, Cisco DNA Center does enable cloud-based management through its integration with Cisco's cloud solutions but is not designed for data storage in the same way as cloud storage providers.
Real-time network traffic analysis (D) is a useful feature of Cisco DNA Center, but it is not the primary function. While DNA Center provides network insights and analytics, its main role is to automate and manage network operations. Real-time network traffic analysis is one aspect of its broader capabilities, but the primary purpose is centralized control and automation rather than focused on just traffic analysis. DNA Center provides the ability to monitor network performance and troubleshoot issues, but the platform's main strength is its network control and automation features.
In conclusion, the Cisco DNA Center primarily provides centralized network control and automation (B), enabling network administrators to manage, configure, and troubleshoot the network more efficiently. Its powerful automation and control features simplify the management of large-scale networks, reducing the need for manual intervention and improving overall network performance and reliability.
Question 9:
Which of the following is a key characteristic of SD-Access in a network environment?
A. Simplified end-user device management
B. Full control over hardware configurations
C. Automation of network-wide policies
D. Network device interoperability with minimal configuration
Answer: C
Explanation:
SD-Access (Software-Defined Access) is Cisco's solution for simplifying network design and operation by applying software-driven automation and policy-based management. One of the key characteristics of SD-Access is its ability to automate network-wide policies (C). This means that SD-Access allows network administrators to define and enforce policies centrally, reducing the complexity of manual configuration and ensuring consistent policy application across the entire network. These policies can include user access control, security settings, and traffic segmentation, which are applied automatically through the SD-Access fabric.
The ability to automate network-wide policies in SD-Access provides significant advantages:
Efficiency: Automation reduces the time and effort required to configure and maintain network devices and policies.
Consistency: Policies are consistently applied across the network, ensuring that security and operational requirements are met at all times.
Scalability: As the network grows, SD-Access can easily scale to accommodate new devices and locations without requiring manual reconfiguration of each individual device.
Now, let's review why the other options are less relevant:
Simplified end-user device management (A) is a benefit of SD-Access, but it is not its primary characteristic. While SD-Access does provide features for automating device onboarding and managing end-user devices (such as defining network access policies for specific users or devices), the main focus of SD-Access is on policy automation and network segmentation, not just end-user device management.
Full control over hardware configurations (B) is not a key characteristic of SD-Access. In fact, SD-Access abstracts much of the low-level hardware configuration from the administrator by centralizing management and automating many tasks. While administrators can configure the overall network policies and behavior, they do not need to manually control hardware configurations on each device. SD-Access provides a higher-level view of the network, allowing for policy-based management rather than granular hardware-level control.
Network device interoperability with minimal configuration (D) is a benefit of SD-Access, as it uses standards-based technologies to allow devices from different vendors to work together. However, the key characteristic of SD-Access is the ability to automate network-wide policies, not just ensuring interoperability. Device interoperability is important, but SD-Access primarily focuses on policy automation, segmentation, and security across a network.
In conclusion, automation of network-wide policies (C) is the core feature of SD-Access. This capability allows for simplified management, increased efficiency, and better scalability in modern network environments, providing a significant advantage in dynamic and large-scale network deployments.
Question 10:
Which protocol is used for communication between SD-WAN devices for monitoring and maintaining the control plane?
A. OSPF
B. EIGRP
C. REST APIs
D. BGP
Answer: C
Explanation:
In an SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network) environment, the communication between SD-WAN devices—such as routers, controllers, and edge devices—is typically handled through REST APIs (C) for monitoring and maintaining the control plane.
REST APIs are a set of web-based protocols that allow for communication between different devices or systems over the network. In SD-WAN, these APIs are used to manage and monitor various components of the network, including the control plane. They enable communication between devices like SD-WAN controllers and edge devices to share configuration updates, status information, and performance metrics. This API-driven architecture provides flexibility and scalability, as it allows SD-WAN components to dynamically adjust to changes, push new policies, or retrieve real-time data from the devices in the network.
Here’s why the other options are not the correct answer:
OSPF (A) is a routing protocol used for exchanging routing information between devices within an autonomous system. It is primarily used for routing decisions and does not directly handle communication for maintaining the SD-WAN control plane. While OSPF might be used for routing within the SD-WAN or between specific network segments, it does not manage the control plane communication in an SD-WAN environment.
EIGRP (B) is also a routing protocol similar to OSPF but is used primarily within Cisco environments. Like OSPF, it is focused on routing and does not serve the purpose of maintaining the SD-WAN control plane or managing device communication within the SD-WAN architecture.
BGP (D) is a path vector routing protocol typically used for exchanging routing information across different autonomous systems. While BGP can be used in SD-WAN environments to exchange routing information, it is not the primary protocol used for monitoring or maintaining the control plane. BGP primarily handles the data plane (the flow of user data), not the control plane (management and monitoring of the network).
In conclusion, REST APIs (C) are the main protocol used for communication between SD-WAN devices for monitoring and maintaining the control plane. They provide a standardized way for SD-WAN components to interact, share information, and manage network policies dynamically.
