VMware 2V0-72.22 Exam Dumps, 2V0-72.22 Practice Test Questions

VMware 2V0-72.22 Exam Dumps & Practice Test Questions

Question 1:

Which two of the following are true when a class is annotated with @SpringBootApplication?

A. Automatically enables Spring Boot's auto-configuration feature.
B. Triggers component scanning starting from the package where the class is declared.
C. Ignores any other annotations declared on the class.
D. Disregards any @Bean-annotated methods within the class.
E. Initializes a separate ApplicationContext for each @SpringBootApplication class.

Answer: A, B

Explanation:
The annotation @SpringBootApplication is a convenient shortcut in Spring Boot, combining several annotations into one. This simplifies Spring Boot application setup by enabling important features automatically. Let’s break down what happens when this annotation is used:

Automatically enables Spring Boot's auto-configuration feature (A):
One of the key benefits of @SpringBootApplication is that it enables auto-configuration. This is accomplished through the inclusion of the @EnableAutoConfiguration annotation, which allows Spring Boot to automatically configure various components based on the project’s dependencies. For example, if your application includes a database dependency, Spring Boot will automatically configure a DataSource bean for you. This feature helps developers avoid manual configuration, making it easier to get applications up and running quickly.

Triggers component scanning starting from the package where the class is declared (B):
@SpringBootApplication implicitly includes the @ComponentScan annotation, which enables component scanning. This means Spring Boot will scan the package where the annotated class is located, as well as sub-packages, for components such as @Service, @Repository, @Controller, and @Component annotations. This ensures that all Spring-managed beans are automatically detected and registered in the application context.

Now, let’s review why the other options are incorrect:

Ignores any other annotations declared on the class (C):
This statement is incorrect because @SpringBootApplication does not ignore other annotations on the class. In fact, it combines several annotations (@EnableAutoConfiguration, @ComponentScan, and @SpringBootConfiguration), and other annotations, like @Bean, are still considered in the context.

Disregards any @Bean-annotated methods within the class (D):
This is false because @SpringBootApplication does not disregard @Bean methods. @Bean methods are still executed and registered in the application context. These methods can be used for manually defining beans that need to be created and managed by Spring.

Initializes a separate ApplicationContext for each @SpringBootApplication class (E):
This is incorrect because a single Spring Boot application typically uses one ApplicationContext, even if there are multiple @SpringBootApplication classes in the project. If you need separate contexts, you would need to create multiple configurations manually

Question 2:

Which of the following statements correctly describe pointcut expressions in AOP? (Choose two.)

A. Pointcuts cannot filter methods based on parameter types.
B. An exception is thrown if no methods match a pointcut expression.
C. Wildcards cannot be used to match method names in pointcuts.
D. Logical operators like &&, ||, and ! are allowed in pointcut expressions.
E. Pointcuts can match methods based on specific annotations.

Answer: D, E

Explanation:
In Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP), a pointcut defines the conditions under which advice (i.e., additional behavior) is applied to a method. Pointcuts are defined using expressions that match method signatures, annotations, or other aspects of method calls. Let’s go through the correct answers:

Logical operators like &&, ||, and ! are allowed in pointcut expressions (D):
Pointcut expressions can indeed use logical operators to combine multiple conditions. These operators are part of the AspectJ pointcut expression language:

&& (AND): Specifies that both conditions must be true.

|| (OR): Specifies that either condition can be true.

! (NOT): Specifies that the condition must not be true.
These operators allow for more precise matching, enabling developers to craft complex pointcuts.

Pointcuts can match methods based on specific annotations (E):
Pointcuts can match methods not only by their signature but also by their annotations. This is very useful for creating aspect-driven behavior that is applied to methods marked with specific annotations. For instance, a pointcut expression like @annotation(com.example.MyAnnotation) matches any method annotated with @MyAnnotation, allowing you to apply advice to those methods.

Now, let’s review why the other options are incorrect:

Pointcuts cannot filter methods based on parameter types (A):
This is incorrect. Pointcut expressions can filter methods based on parameter types. For example, you can define a pointcut like execution(* com.example.MyService.*(..)), which matches all methods in MyService that accept any type of arguments (denoted by (..)), or you can specify exact parameter types for more specific matching.

An exception is thrown if no methods match a pointcut expression (B):
This is not true. If no methods match a pointcut expression, no advice will be applied, but no exception is thrown. The pointcut simply has no effect, and the program continues as normal.

Wildcards cannot be used to match method names in pointcuts (C):
This is incorrect. Wildcards can be used in pointcut expressions to match method names. For example, using execution(* com.example.*.*(..)) matches all methods in the com.example package regardless of their method names. Similarly, wildcards can be used to match method signatures and parameters.

In conclusion, pointcut expressions are flexible tools in AOP, allowing for complex method matching and advice application. The use of logical operators and the ability to match methods based on annotations are two key features that make AOP powerful and versatile.

Question 3:

Which of the following are valid return types from a JdbcTemplate query? (Choose three.)

A. Generic Map objects
B. Primitive and wrapper types like int, long, String, etc.
C. JSONObject instances
D. Custom-defined user types
E. Properties objects
F. XML-specific object types like XMLObject

Answer: A, B, D

Explanation:
The JdbcTemplate class in Spring is a powerful abstraction for working with JDBC (Java Database Connectivity). It simplifies database access by eliminating boilerplate code, such as handling exceptions, opening and closing connections, and executing SQL queries. When executing a query using JdbcTemplate, it can return various types of results depending on the query and the method used to retrieve the data.

Generic Map objects (A):
JdbcTemplate can return results as a Map, typically in the form of a Map<String, Object>. This is useful when you have a query that selects columns by name, and you want to capture each column's value as a key-value pair. For example, when querying for a row, the column names would be the keys and their corresponding values the values in the Map.

Primitive and wrapper types like int, long, String, etc. (B):
JdbcTemplate also supports returning primitive types or wrapper types such as int, long, String, and others, directly from the query. For instance, you can use methods like queryForObject(String sql, Class<T> requiredType) to retrieve a single value, like an integer or a string, from a query result. This is common when performing aggregation or simple retrieval of a single column's value.

Custom-defined user types (D):
JdbcTemplate can be configured to return custom objects by using RowMapper implementations. A RowMapper is a callback interface used to map each row of the result set to an object of your custom type. This allows you to easily retrieve data from the database into Java objects.

Let’s look at why the other options are incorrect:

JSONObject instances (C):
JdbcTemplate does not natively return JSONObject instances from its query results. To handle JSON, you would typically need to use additional libraries (e.g., Jackson or Gson) to convert the data into a JSONObject after retrieving it using JdbcTemplate.

Properties objects (E):
While Properties objects are useful for storing key-value pairs, they are not typically used as return types directly from JdbcTemplate queries. The Map interface is a more common return type for this purpose.

XML-specific object types like XMLObject (F):
JdbcTemplate does not return XML-specific objects directly. To handle XML data, you'd usually work with String or InputStream types and process them into XML objects manually, using libraries like JAXP or DOM.

Question 4:

What are valid use cases for the @PreAuthorize annotation in Spring Security? (Choose two.)

A. Restrict access based on the authenticated user's identity
B. Control access based on the method's return object
C. Authorize access depending on the HTTP method used (GET, POST, etc.)
D. Allow or deny access based on the request URL pattern
E. Enforce access rules based on user roles

Answer: A, E

Explanation:
The @PreAuthorize annotation is part of Spring Security and is used to secure methods by specifying security rules through SpEL (Spring Expression Language) expressions. This allows you to control access at the method level in a declarative manner. Let’s break down the valid use cases:

Restrict access based on the authenticated user's identity (A):
One of the primary use cases of @PreAuthorize is to restrict access based on the authenticated user's identity. Using SpEL, you can reference the current user's information (like their username, roles, or permissions) and use this to enforce access control. For example, you could have an expression like @PreAuthorize("authentication.name == 'admin'"), which would allow access to the method only if the authenticated user’s name is 'admin'.

Enforce access rules based on user roles (E):
Another common use case of @PreAuthorize is to enforce access control based on user roles. For example, an expression like @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')") would allow access only if the user has the role of ADMIN. This is a straightforward way to control method-level access depending on the user's assigned roles, ensuring that only authorized users can invoke certain methods.

Now, let’s review why the other options are incorrect:

Control access based on the method's return object (B):
The @PreAuthorize annotation is designed to control access before a method is executed, based on the user’s identity, roles, or permissions. It does not evaluate or control access based on the method's return value. If you need to restrict access based on the return value, you would need to use @PostAuthorize instead.

Authorize access depending on the HTTP method used (GET, POST, etc.) (C):
The @PreAuthorize annotation operates at the method level and does not directly evaluate the HTTP method (GET, POST, etc.). However, access based on HTTP methods can be controlled using Spring Security’s HTTP security configuration (e.g., http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, "/some-path").hasRole("USER")).

Allow or deny access based on the request URL pattern (D):
The @PreAuthorize annotation is not used for URL pattern matching. URL-based access control is typically handled in Spring Security’s HTTP security configuration (e.g., http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/some-path").hasRole("USER")), not via @PreAuthorize.

In conclusion, @PreAuthorize is a powerful tool for securing methods based on the authenticated user's identity and their roles or permissions, making it suitable for fine-grained access control at the method level.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the @PropertySource annotation?

A. Specifies where to find the application.properties file in a Spring Boot app
B. Used to directly retrieve a specific property value from a file
C. Indicates the folder location of the application.properties file
D. Loads external properties into the Spring Environment as name/value pairs

Answer: D

Explanation:
The @PropertySource annotation in Spring is used to specify the location of property files to be loaded into the Spring Environment. This annotation allows you to externalize configuration properties from within the application’s application.properties or application.yml file into separate property files. The external properties are loaded as name/value pairs and become part of the Spring Environment, making them accessible to the application.

The main purpose of @PropertySource is to load external properties into the application context, so they can be injected into beans using the @Value annotation or accessed via Environment or PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer. These properties could come from any resource, not just the default application.properties file. Therefore, option D accurately describes its function: it loads external properties into the Spring Environment as name/value pairs.

Let’s break down why the other options are not correct:

A. Specifies where to find the application.properties file in a Spring Boot app: While it might seem that @PropertySource is specifying where to find the properties, it is more general than just the application.properties file. You can use it to load external property files that are not necessarily the default Spring Boot configuration file.

B. Used to directly retrieve a specific property value from a file: This is not the primary function of @PropertySource. The annotation itself doesn't directly retrieve property values; it loads the properties into the Spring Environment. Specific property values are then injected into beans via the @Value annotation.

C. Indicates the folder location of the application.properties file: @PropertySource is used to specify the location of a properties file, not necessarily to indicate the folder location of the application.properties file. It can be used for any custom property file, not just the default one.

Question 6

Which two of the following are valid optional attributes in Spring’s @Transactional annotation?

A. isolation
B. writeOnly
C. nestedTransaction
D. readWrite
E. propagation

Answer: A, E

Explanation:
The @Transactional annotation in Spring is used to demarcate a transaction boundary around a method or class. It controls the behavior of transactions, such as how transactions are isolated and how they propagate when methods are called within the context of a transaction. Two important optional attributes in @Transactional are isolation and propagation.

A. isolation: The isolation attribute specifies the isolation level of the transaction. The isolation level controls the visibility of changes made by one transaction to other concurrent transactions. This helps to avoid issues like dirty reads, non-repeatable reads, and phantom reads. Common isolation levels include READ_COMMITTED, REPEATABLE_READ, and SERIALIZABLE. This is a valid optional attribute in @Transactional.

B. writeOnly: There is no writeOnly attribute in the @Transactional annotation. Therefore, this is not a valid option.

C. nestedTransaction: There is no nestedTransaction attribute in the @Transactional annotation. While you can have nested transactions through specific transaction management configurations, there is no such attribute in @Transactional.

D. readWrite: readWrite is not an attribute in the @Transactional annotation. While transactions can be classified as read-only or read-write based on their use case (e.g., whether or not they modify data), the @Transactional annotation does not include a readWrite attribute. Instead, a readOnly attribute exists that optimizes the transaction for read-only operations.

E. propagation: The propagation attribute controls how the transaction behaves when it is called from another method that is already within a transaction. The most common propagation options are REQUIRED, REQUIRES_NEW, and NESTED. This attribute is crucial in managing transaction boundaries when dealing with multiple transactional methods. Therefore, it is a valid optional attribute.

In summary, the valid optional attributes in @Transactional are isolation (A) and propagation (E), both of which provide fine-grained control over transaction behavior.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about Spring Boot and Spring Data JPA are correct? (Choose two.)

A. You can customize JPA using @EntityScan and spring.jpa.* properties
B. Hibernate-specific properties can be passed using spring.jpa.properties.xxx
C. Spring Data JPA is the only available option for relational databases in Spring Boot
D. JPA entity scanning cannot be customized and always scans the entire classpath
E. Embedded databases are never reset during application startup

Answer: A, B

Explanation:
Spring Boot and Spring Data JPA work together to provide seamless integration with relational databases and JPA entities. Let’s go through each statement in detail to understand which ones are correct.

A. You can customize JPA using @EntityScan and spring.jpa. properties*: This is correct. Spring Boot allows for customization of JPA by using @EntityScan and various spring.jpa.* properties. The @EntityScan annotation can be used to specify the base package for scanning JPA entities, which is helpful if entities are located outside of the main application package. The spring.jpa.* properties are part of the application.properties or application.yml configuration and can be used to configure various JPA settings, such as Hibernate dialect, database platform, and whether to show SQL queries or generate DDL statements automatically.

B. Hibernate-specific properties can be passed using spring.jpa.properties.xxx: This is also correct. Spring Boot provides the ability to pass Hibernate-specific properties using the spring.jpa.properties.xxx property in the application.properties or application.yml file. This allows for fine-grained control over Hibernate settings, such as enabling caching, controlling SQL formatting, and setting connection pool properties.

C. Spring Data JPA is the only available option for relational databases in Spring Boot: This is incorrect. While Spring Data JPA is a popular choice for working with relational databases in Spring Boot, it is not the only option. Spring Boot also supports other persistence frameworks such as JDBC, MyBatis, and even direct usage of JPA with manual configuration.

D. JPA entity scanning cannot be customized and always scans the entire classpath: This is incorrect. JPA entity scanning can indeed be customized using @EntityScan or by configuring the spring.jpa.entity.scan.packages property. Therefore, Spring Boot does not always scan the entire classpath by default; it can be limited to specific packages.

E. Embedded databases are never reset during application startup: This is incorrect. By default, embedded databases (such as H2, HSQL, and Derby) are often reset during application startup. The schema is re-initialized according to the settings in the application.properties or application.yml file, particularly if spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto is set to create, create-drop, or update.

Question 8

Which of the following statements accurately describe the @DataJpaTest annotation? (Choose two.)

A. TestEntityManager provides all EntityManager features plus additional utilities
B. If available, embedded databases are auto-configured by default with @DataJpaTest
C. It supports testing of both JPA and NoSQL repositories
D. Automatically registers a TestEntityManager bean in the test context
E. It can be used for testing Spring’s JdbcTemplate operations

Answer: A, D

Explanation:
The @DataJpaTest annotation is part of Spring Boot’s testing support and is specifically designed to test JPA-based repositories in isolation, providing a lightweight environment for testing. It only configures the relevant parts of the Spring Data JPA setup, making it ideal for testing JPA repositories. Let’s break down each statement:

A. TestEntityManager provides all EntityManager features plus additional utilities: This is correct. @DataJpaTest automatically provides a TestEntityManager bean, which is a Spring-specific wrapper around the standard JPA EntityManager. TestEntityManager provides all the typical EntityManager features but also includes additional utilities for simplifying testing, such as persistAndFlush, which saves and immediately flushes the entity to the database.

B. If available, embedded databases are auto-configured by default with @DataJpaTest: This is correct. @DataJpaTest auto-configures an embedded database (such as H2) for testing purposes, as long as one is available in the classpath. This makes it easy to run tests without requiring an external database, which is particularly useful for integration tests.

C. It supports testing of both JPA and NoSQL repositories: This is incorrect. @DataJpaTest is designed specifically for testing JPA-based repositories and does not support NoSQL repositories. If you want to test NoSQL repositories (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra), you would use annotations like @DataMongoTest or @DataCassandraTest instead.

D. Automatically registers a TestEntityManager bean in the test context: This is correct. One of the key features of @DataJpaTest is that it automatically registers a TestEntityManager bean, which simplifies testing by providing a more convenient way to interact with the persistence layer and perform CRUD operations during tests.

E. It can be used for testing Spring’s JdbcTemplate operations: This is incorrect. @DataJpaTest is specifically for testing JPA-based repositories, not for testing JdbcTemplate operations. Testing JdbcTemplate operations would require different configuration or annotations such as @JdbcTest.

In summary, A and D are the correct statements regarding the @DataJpaTest annotation. It provides additional features through TestEntityManager and automatically registers this bean in the test context.

Question 9

Which of the following statements accurately describe the behavior of the @Repository annotation in Spring? (Choose two.)

A. It marks a class as a candidate for exception translation.
B. It is used to define REST endpoints for data access.
C. It enables automatic transaction management in JPA repositories.
D. It makes the class eligible for Spring’s component scanning.
E. It prevents checked exceptions from being thrown by DAO classes.

Answer: A, D

Explanation:
The @Repository annotation in Spring is a specialization of the @Component annotation used to indicate that a class is a Data Access Object (DAO) and is responsible for encapsulating the interaction with a data source (e.g., a database). Here’s a detailed explanation of the correct and incorrect statements:

A. It marks a class as a candidate for exception translation: This is correct. One of the key features of the @Repository annotation is that it enables exception translation. When a class is annotated with @Repository, Spring automatically converts database-related exceptions (such as those thrown by Hibernate or JDBC) into Spring's unchecked DataAccessException. This means that any checked exceptions like SQLException are wrapped in Spring's runtime exceptions, making it easier to handle database errors in a consistent way across the application.

B. It is used to define REST endpoints for data access: This is incorrect. The @Repository annotation is for data access and does not deal with defining REST endpoints. For defining REST endpoints, the @RestController or @Controller annotations are used in Spring.

C. It enables automatic transaction management in JPA repositories: This is incorrect. While @Repository helps in the data access layer, transaction management in Spring is typically handled by the @Transactional annotation, not @Repository. The @Repository annotation does not directly enable transaction management; rather, it works in conjunction with Spring’s transaction management system, which may involve @Transactional for declarative transaction control.

D. It makes the class eligible for Spring’s component scanning: This is correct. Since @Repository is a specialization of @Component, it marks the class as a Spring-managed bean. As a result, Spring will automatically detect and register the class as a bean during the component scanning process, making it available for dependency injection.

E. It prevents checked exceptions from being thrown by DAO classes: This is incorrect. While the @Repository annotation is associated with exception translation (which wraps checked exceptions into unchecked exceptions), it does not prevent checked exceptions from being thrown. Instead, it ensures that checked exceptions are wrapped in unchecked exceptions.

Question 10

Which of the following are key benefits of using Spring Boot starters? (Choose two.)

A. They reduce the need for manually configuring commonly used dependencies.
B. They ensure that all application code is automatically deployed to the cloud.
C. They provide a consistent naming convention for all Java classes.
D. They offer pre-defined configurations for specific technology stacks.
E. They prevent the use of external configuration files like application.properties.

Answer: A, D

Explanation:
Spring Boot starters are a set of convenient, pre-configured dependencies that simplify the process of setting up common features in a Spring Boot application. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the correct and incorrect statements:

A. They reduce the need for manually configuring commonly used dependencies: This is correct. Spring Boot starters provide a way to include a set of dependencies that are commonly used for a particular task, such as connecting to a database or integrating with a messaging system. By including a starter, you no longer have to manually add and configure each dependency individually. For example, the spring-boot-starter-data-jpa starter automatically includes all the dependencies required to work with JPA, such as Hibernate and Spring Data JPA, saving time and reducing configuration errors.

B. They ensure that all application code is automatically deployed to the cloud: This is incorrect. While Spring Boot provides cloud integration features (e.g., Spring Cloud for cloud-native applications), Spring Boot starters do not automatically deploy applications to the cloud. They are only designed to simplify dependency management and provide pre-configured settings for various technologies. Deployment to the cloud requires separate tools and configurations.

C. They provide a consistent naming convention for all Java classes: This is incorrect. While Spring Boot provides conventions for project structure, such as the src/main/java directory for application code, starters do not enforce a naming convention for Java classes. They focus on dependency management and configuration rather than class naming.

D. They offer pre-defined configurations for specific technology stacks: This is correct. Spring Boot starters are designed to configure dependencies for specific technology stacks automatically. For example, if you want to set up an application to use Thymeleaf for templating, you can include the spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf starter, which will bring in all necessary dependencies and pre-configure them for you. This significantly reduces the effort needed to set up common technologies.

E. They prevent the use of external configuration files like application.properties: This is incorrect. Spring Boot starters do not prevent the use of external configuration files like application.properties or application.yml. In fact, these files are commonly used for application configuration, and Spring Boot makes use of them to configure various settings, including database connections, server ports, and more. Starters are more about simplifying dependency management rather than eliminating the need for configuration files.

In summary, A and D are the correct statements. Spring Boot starters simplify the configuration and inclusion of commonly used dependencies and provide pre-defined configurations for specific technology stacks.