Cisco CCNP Enterprise 300-425 ENWLSD – Design Aspect of Regulations, Safety Considerations and Miscellaneous Features

1. CH02-00 Introduction to Chapter 2

Hello and welcome to our new lesson. In this lesson we will talk about what we will learn on our chapter two. So first of all we will talk about some regulatory domains and channels for our mesh networks. We will focus on dual mesh, single mesh and what are the differences in terms of having the back hole in a specific channel or having back hole and access network on the same channel? What are the benefits, what are disadvantages of them? We will talk about some regulatory bodies and some rules related to them. You will understand the regulatory need for Ism band. Then we will go over regulatory and tenant requirements. Why do we have it, why do we need it in the first place? We will also understand different regulatory domains. Why do we need 14 regulatory domains and what are the most important ones and what do they represent? We will all learn that.

After that we will start talking about safety considerations for deployment locations. As this is a lengthy video, we will part it in two ways, in two parts and we will talk in different locations in different situations and what we should be careful about and what we should take account. In terms of safety considerations we will talk about them. These are important for our designs as we need to go to the site, as we need to watch out for specific requirements and futures for our board, for our designs and for our size surveys. Then we will focus on the aesthetic part, what kind of limitations we can get and how we can solve all those limitations.

We will learn that on the second part of chapter two we will focus on existing wired and wireless infrastructure because this is very important for our wireless design, whether it’s a greenfield or Brownfield, whether it’s an upgrade or a new installment. We will focus on material attenuation what kind of different materials do can we have? What how can we represent them in our site surveys and in which ways they will block some RF signals and in which amount we will talk about them. Then we will learn the application need for voice, what are the requirements for voice traffic. We will talk about packet loss, detour, delay and what should be the requirements will also be discussed.

Then we will go and focus on the application for video and we will try to understand the coverage for our location. What are different coverage parameters that we need to focus on and how we can focus on the location part? In terms of RFID tags, in terms of chalk points, we will learn that there are two features that are very specific and very important for our designs client link and bend select why we have them, why we need them and what are the usage methods and in which situations we will need them.

We will discuss and we will learn each future separately. You will also understand what Cisco prime can give us, which benefits it will provide us in terms of monitoring, in terms of NetFlow, and we will also understand why we need it, especially for our site surveys and for assessing the existing wireless infrastructure. So in chapter two, we will learn a lot about wireless design and some features related with our design parameters. Thank you for watching.

2. CH02-01 Channels For Mesh Networks

Hello and welcome to our new lesson. In this lesson we will talk about regulatory domains and some channels for mesh networks. So we know how mesh networks work, but we want to understand different radios for them. So, first of all, we have two 4, which is BG and standards. Eight. Two dot. Eleven. B. Eight dot eleven G. Eight two dot eleven N. This is typically used for client access. And for five Gigars channel, you will use eight two dot eleven A, eight two dot eleven N. And eight two dot eleven AC. And this is used for backhole communication. So now you know what backhole is, you know what access is, right? If you don’t know, no problem. Let me explain it again. So you have the root AP which is connected to the switch and you have your mesh AP.

Mesh AP gives access to clients with 2. 4 GHz or access channel and it also connects with 5 GHz for the backhole. backhole means that it is making the communication possible between mesh access points. And you can use backhole for 2. 4 can use access for five triggers. These are not strict rules, but this is important because access will cover a wider area and back hole will be for a shorter area. You want to COVID more clients and you want to be close to the root AP or any other mesh IP if you are like this one and you want to be able to use five triggers. And another thing to use five triggers is that because you want to be able to provide more data rate each client will be connected to for example 800 and 211 B. But you will provide higher speeds with this AC or N channels with those tenors.

You can also use different antennas, you can use Omnidirectional antennas for access omnidirectional and you can use directional antennas for the backhoes such as patch sector. Any dishes especially will be better for larger distances. Because it has a narrow beam to connect route AP to the mesh AP, it will cover a larger distance. Of course, all these are true for dual radio mesh access points. So we need to talk about dual radio and single radio. Dual radio has access points. Mesh access points especially have two different radios for Beckhole for beckho and access, it has advantages of better application performance. It will have low latency and Qu’s will be easy to deploy. Of course you will have more scalability with the help of dual radios.

The advantage would be paying too much money upfront because those are more expensive than the single radio ones. We also have single radio mesh access points that will use 2. 4 cigars for both the access and the backhoe. The advantage would be paying low price but it will have some scalability issues. You will get higher latency because you are using the same radio for access and back hole. And as you need to use only 2. 4 but you can use 2. 4 and five here. This is more interference tolerant, so you will have more interference on 2. 4 gurus, but you will have less interference for the backhold for dual radios, dual radio mesh access points. So in this video we talked about channel selection and using dual radio or single radio mesh access points.

So as you can see, having and paying upfront for dual radios would result in better products, in better connectivity when you compare it to using just a single radio mesh access point that will use access and backhole in the same 2. 4 which will be completely interference prone. Thank you for.

3. CH02-02 Regulatory Bodies

Hello and welcome to our new lesson. In this lesson we will talk about some regulatory bodies. First of all, why we need such governance in terms of regulatory bodies, because we have a wide range of frequencies in the frequency spectrum. We have some x rays, gamma rays, radio waves and even radio frequency portion ranges from 3. But in this range we need some specific frequency ranges because if somebody transmits in a specific frequency you need to be waiting for that specific frequency to receive that signal. And if it transmits in 5, if you are waiting it for example at 5 GHz, then we will not get it. So we need to regulate these frequency ranges and to regulate those intervals we need some regulatory bodies to come up with some rules. We have itur.

We have FCC. We have at sea. These are the most well known regulatory bodies. For instance Itur, that is a telecommunications regulatory body and it decides which segment of the RF spectrum can be used for which purpose. It also has regions. So we have a different one for an EMEA region, a different one for America region, a different one for Asia region, an itur makes the RF spectrum to be usable for all countries to use. Some part of the spectrum will need a license and these are license plans as the names such as the license plans will need a license to use. And for some of the spectrum we can even use those frequencies without a license.

And now you have a question why do we need a license if we can use other segments without one? Because they allow you to transmit on that part of the spectrum on a specific frequency and on those license planes nobody else will transmit, so there are none not be a harmful interference. But of course in every good thing, getting a license is a long process. You will need some approvals from itur branch of your own country, but itur allows you to use unlicensed spacemens. And we have two segments for WiFi which you already know 2. 4, also called the Ism band and this one is for Industrial, scientific and medical applications. So you will have the Ism name industrial, Scientific and medical in the five figures we have you and I bands and on those unlicensed bands you do not need any form of approval but you need to obey some regulations.

You have to have your effective isotropic gradient power under some limits. You already know what ERP from your CCNA wireless studies and now you understand why we have that such term. You have to know that the same frequencies are used by nearby sources, even your neighbors or any companies near your facility are using them. So you will have more interference with those unlicensed bands. But you can politely ask nearby people to decrease their EIRP or change the channel that they operate, or you can even change the channel you operate. With the help of that, you will have minimum interference and you don’t have to wait for approval from a governing body to use those bands. You can just go out to any supermarket or any technology market and buy a WiFi device and you can then start using it.

We have two more regulatory bodies. First one is FCC. It does the regulation for United States. And it is a Federal Communications Commission. It regulates frequencies, transmission, power channels, and also some other countries use FCC rules. They also use you and I for five figures band. Before any equipment is sold, FCC needs to approve it.

So we basically have two limits on unlicensed pens by FCC one for pointtomount to . 1. For pointtopoint. As WiFi devices need specific connectors, you cannot just plug at too high gain antenna exceeding the limits. And for the point to multipoint links, EIRP cannot be higher than 36 DB. And via one to one rule, if it decreases transmitter gain by one. So transmitter gain and gain of antenna, if you decrease it by one, we can increase the gain of antenna by one. And if we start with a total DB transmitter, a six DB antenna will be sufficient. So total DB and six DB if you make it 20, if you decrease it by ten, we can increase and connect a 16 DB antenna. But the total amount, sorry, not greater than ten, should be less than 36 DB. Less than or equal to, let’s say. And if we also need to talk about point to point links, we have three to one rule. We had one to one rule on point to multipoint, but we have three to one rule on the point to point, which means that if we decrease the transmitter level by one DB, we need to increase the antenna, we can increase the antenna gain by three DB and we can go up to 56 DB.

And finally, we have at Sea, it is European Telecommunications Standards Institute in Etsy ism and U and I bands can be used. And Unwi Tree Band is a license band, so it cannot be used. So you won’t have AI Tree Band in Etsy, so you won’t have it. You can only use unwi one and unwi two and unwi two extended. And for the Etsy governed countries, we have a maximum ERP of 20 DBM. So maximum is 20. We can have 17 DB, four transmitter, three DBM, four antenna game, and if we decrease the transmitter level by ten, we can increase the antenna game by ten. So say we start with 17 plus three. If we decrease it to seven, we can increase this to 13, but the total should be less than equal to 20 DBM. So in this video we talked about regulatory bodies and some rules that they put on our gains, on our antenna gains, and what they are dealing with actually.

4. CH02-03 Regulations For ISM Band

Welcome to our new lesson. In this lesson we will talk about regulations for the Ism band. First of all, how much is between each channel in Ism band? So we have 14 channels and each of them are separated by five megaerts. So this is what five megaerts look like. Okay, let me fix this real quick. And for the Dtruplus and CCK modulations, you will need 22 MHz. So you will need this 22 MHz. For the OFTM, you will need 20. If you have 5 MHz between channels, can you use all channels together? No, you cannot do that. And you will need 25 MW for the adjacent channels. And this is for 802 level compliance. So you will need 25 MHz between channels.

But for the Etsy compliance, you will need only 22 MHz. So now we have this in our minds, sorry, 200 MHz for Etsy compliance. So what happens if we try to use all of the channels together? It will mean that we will have interference channel overlap between each channel. If you use for example one and two together, that will mean you will have this region as core channel overlap. But maybe we can just get away from it, right? So to do that, we will start using some select channels. For example, for the 800 and 211 compliance we will use one, six and eleven.

But for the Ads compliance, we will use one, five, nine and 13. Why? Because if we need 25 MHz between channels, we need five channel separation. So six minus 1511 minus six five. For the Etsy compliance, we will need 20 MHz. So we will need to separate them by four. And we need four difference between these channels. So for Etsy you can use four channels, but for general 820 eleven compliance, we use three. And what happens if we use 20 MHz channels?

With four channels we will have less Snr values, which is signal to noise ratio. And if we use three channels, we will have a higher Snr. So three channel higher Snr, four channel lower Snr. And why do we need that? Because for voice V lens we will need high Snr even at the cell edge. And to do that, you will not be able to use four channels for our voice V lens. But we will use three channels for our voice V lens. And that’s why we generally do our settings for channels one, six and eleven.

So if you have an access point like this one, this one, I’m talking about covered cells, of course there will be many overlaps, not like these ones. So if this is using channel one, this is using channel 26, what could this be? This could be eleven, this could again be one. And if we have one here and one there, we can use, let’s say six. And in here we can use one again or no, six. One is okay. Yeah. And if you use R cells like these ones. So it will be six. So it will be one. This will be this could be eleven or six. So you will not have overlapping channels in between.

So you will not have an overlapping channel like these ones. You don’t care about these diagonals. Okay? 6111, 6111, 111 six. 1611 this is how you need to design yourself. So in this video we talked about channel separation for Ism band, which is 5 MHz. Some modulation requirements. For example, for Daaa and CCK, we have a requirement for 22 MHz channels. So let’s write it down. 22 for of, we have 20 MHz channels. Channel Comments and now we know how three channel and four channels are compliant with and how the Snr will change according to using different number of channels.

5. CH02-04 Regulatory Antenna Requirements

Hello and welcome to our new lesson. In this lesson we will talk about regulatory antenna requirements. So in antennas we use some unique and impropriety connectors. For example, Cisco Aeron ate products, cisco main wireless products generally use Rotec. This is why out you can see Rotec connectors and even some special Cisco products use N connectors. Generally, these are mesh access points. And why we use such proprietary or unique connectors, because like FCC, in the United States, there are many governing bodies. And those governing bodies dictate some rules that antennas need to be obeyed. Or in fact the rules are related with effective Isotropic radiated power. And to stay in certain limits, you should use some unique connectors, because you will not be able to put some antenna that will have too much gain. And for that we have some special connectors.

Even some vendors use RPSMA connectors. And this is again just to obey regulations of the country. So you cannot just go and buy an antenna from the shelf and connect it to your Cisco RF product. You have to use a special antenna that Cisco approves. And to Cisco approve that antenna, it should be approved by the governing bodies that are responsible for the RFA RP values in that specific country. This is also true for amplifiers, you need to be under certain limits if you are using an amplifier, if you are increasing the gain of an antenna, you need to decrease the transmit power, the default transmit power without the antenna, the power of the transmitter, if you want to say it correctly.

So in this video we talked about some antenna requirements and why we need that. We already talked about multipoint requirements for FCC, and in this video we emphasize the fact that we need all those antenna requirements, especially special antenna connectors, just to be under certain limits. First, not to break any rules, but the most important thing is we shouldn’t create any harm or hazard to human health. Thank you for watching.